水生植物群落构建对入湖河流污染物的净化效应
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摘要
河流是连接湖泊生态系统和陆地生态系统之间的通道,也是进行物质交换和营养循环的主要通道之一。入湖河流作为湖泊流域的廊道,其污染状况直接关系到湖泊健康状态。水生植物对河流的净化处理不仅可以净化水质,还可改善生态环境,维护生态系统的稳定性,近年来已成为生态环境领域的研究热点之一
小柘皋河是巢湖东半湖入湖污染河流之一,是巢湖华能电厂高氮、高磷尾水的出水口。同时受到流域农村生活污水和农田退水形成的农业面源污染,小柘皋河水质呈现了严重的富营养化,水质指标达到劣V类。
利用生物措施和工程措施相结合,分阶段的对小柘皋河实施水生植物群落构建,建立生态河道示范上程区,改变水生植物群落结构,同时逐月对小柘皋河水质和浮游动物进行周年监测。通过水生植物群落构建,结合水质和浮游动物的检测,定性、定量分析评价水生植物群落构建对入湖河流水体净化作用贡献的大小,综合讨论对入湖河流净化效应,为长江中下游类似河流的治理提供技术支撑和资料。
1.经过多次对小柘皋河流域进行植被调查和采集标本,共采集记录维管植物41科88属102种,其中水生植物25种,隶属于20属16科。挺水植物6科7属9种,浮水植物3科4属4种,漂浮植物3科3属3种,沉水植物5科6属9种,分别占水生植物的36.00%、16.00％、12.00％、36.00%,占植物物种总数的8.82%、3.92％、2.94％、8.82%,并筛选出芦苇(Phragmites australis)、茭草(Zizania latifolia)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)、菱角(Trapa natans)、莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)和菹草(Potamogeton crispus)6个工具物种。
利用已筛选的工具物种在小柘皋河道内进行水生植物群落构建试验工程,改善小柘皋河河道内水生植物的结构。恢复后水生植被面积达到58865m2，占整个河道面积的79.01%,并形成了挺水植物、浮水植物和沉水植物三大群落的河段。
2.小柘皋河的下游(电厂出水口)的水质为劣V类,经过水生植物植物构建形成的生态系统及根区微生物协同作用,提高了对入湖河流水体的净化能力。在河道水体流量一定的情况下,水体中污染物的净化效果为(1) CODCr, TN, NO3-N, TP和NH3-N周年平均去除率为23.61%，25.00%，26.37%，32.93%,33.55%。(1)水生植物对小柘皋河去除的周年污染染负荷为TN:7.46t、TP:0.31t、CODCr:88.35t、NH3-N:5.33t。(3)小柘皋河水体的健康程度是通过污染综合指数判断,进入巢湖的水质为Ⅳ类水,上升了一个等级,为巢湖污染治理作出贡献。
3.水生植物群落构建后,浮游生物群落结构合理,生物多样性明显改善。经过对浮游动物周年监测知,共检测浮游动物75种,其中原生动物6种,轮虫50种,枝角类12种,桡足类7种。生物量和密度在时空变化上极显著相关。水平分布变化得出,生物量和密度在各个站点间差异性不显著(F5)58=0.576,P>0.05; F5,58=0.682, P>0.05)。从季节分布变化得出,生物量、密度季节间的差异性极显著(F3,20=5.659, F3,20=5.177, P<0.01)。由生物量和密度的检测结果,其水质为贫营养至中营养型。丰富度指数D的波动范围是0.27～1.43,生物多样性指数H’的波动范围是0.56～3.71,均匀度指数J的波动范围是0.28～1.11。从D值得知,整个河道为严重污染状态,H’值得知小柘皋河为中度污染状态，J值得知小柘皋河为轻污染或无污染状态。从浮游动物生物量、密度、多样性的各个指数综合判断,小柘皋河水质为中度污染状态。
The river is the channel which connected to the lake ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems, and one of the main channel of the material exchange and nutrient cycling.Inflow rivers as corridors of the lake basin, and their nutritional status is directly related to lake pollution status. Aquatic plants not only can purify the purification of the river water quality, but also improve the ecological environment, and promote the recovery of ecosystems in recent years has become one of the hot research field in ecological environment.
The Xiao Zhegao River located in Chaohu Lake east Lake and one of the polluted river flow into the lake, and is the sewage outfall of Chaohu Huaneng Power, which riched in high phosphorus、nitrogen. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution watershed rural sewage and agricultural surface runoff formation, the XiaoZhegao River water presents serious was eutrophication, water quality indicators have reached the inferior V.
We used the biological and engineering measures, implemented the aquatic plant ecology restoration and building in different phases in XiaoZhegao River, established of ecological demonstration project area in the river, changed the structure of the aquatic plant community,and monitored on the XiaoZhegao River water quality and zooplankton in monthly in Anniversary. By aquatic plants building, combined with the detection and analysis of water quality and zooplankton, we evaluated of the size of the aquatic plant reconstruction project of the purification contrbuition of river water which flow into the lake by qualitative and quantitative,Comprehensive discussed on the purifying effect of inflow rivers, provided technical support and information for the treatment of similar rivers.
1. we have surveyed several vegetation and collected specimens of XiaoZhegao River Basin, collected and recorded of vascular plants which have41families88genera and102species, contained Aquatic plants of25species, belonged to20genera and16families.Emergent plants in6families,7genera,9species and floating plants in3families,4genera and4species, and3families7genera and3species are of floating plants, submerged plants in5families,6genera,9species, accounted the Aquatic plants of the species of36.00%,16.00%,12.00%,36.00%, accounted the total plant species of3.92%,2.94%,8.82%,and screened six tools species,which were Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia.Typha orientalis, Trapa natans, Nelumbo nucifera and Potamogeton Crispus.
Useing the tools species,we implemented the aquatic plant ecology restoration and building in XiaoZhegao River, established of ecological demonstration project area in the river, changed the structure of the aquatic plant community. After the resumption,the aquatic vegetation area was58865m~,79.01%of the entire river area, and form the three major communities,whichwere emergent plants,floating plants and submerged plants.
2.The water quality was inferior V of the Power outlet in XiaoZheGao River upstream, After aquatic plants and their root zone microbial synerging,we assumed the water was in certain flow, nutrients purified effection:(1) CODCr,TN,NO3-N,TP and NH3-N which average removal rate was23.61%,25.00%,26.37%,32.93%,33.55%in annual.(2) The nutrient loading was removed in XiaoZhegao River, TN:7.46t,TP:0.31t, CODCr:88.35t, NH3-N:5.33t in annual.(3) The health of the XiaoZhegao River was judged by the water pollution index,water quality was class Ⅳ,which inflowed into Chaohu and improved a grade,to contribute the ChaoHu pollution control
3.We monitored the zooplankton of Anniversary, detected the75species of zooplankton, which including6species of protozoa,50species of rotifers,12species of Cladocera, and7species of copepods.Biomass, density, richness index and diversity index, evenness index analysis of the six sampling points in the annual variation. Biomass and density in the temporal and spatial variation significantly correlated. Horizontal distribution changes derived biomass and density differences between the various sites was not significant(F5,58=0.576,P>0.05; F5,58=0.682,P>0.05). From the change of the seasonal distribution, biomass, differences in density between seasons was significant (F3,20=5.659, F3,20=5.177, P <0.01).The biomass and density changes of zooplankton,the water quality was from oligotrophic to mesotrophic.Richness index D ranges from0.27to1.43, Biodiversity index H'ranges from0.56to3.71, The evenness index J of the fluctuation range is0.28to1.11,From the D knowing, the entire river was seriously polluted state, from H'knowing was moderately polluted state,from J knowing was light pollution or pollution-free state.Comprehensive consider the zooplankton biomass,density, diversity index,the Xiao Zhegao River's water quality is moderately polluted state.
小柘皋河是巢湖东半湖入湖污染河流之一,是巢湖华能电厂高氮、高磷尾水的出水口。同时受到流域农村生活污水和农田退水形成的农业面源污染,小柘皋河水质呈现了严重的富营养化,水质指标达到劣V类。
利用生物措施和工程措施相结合,分阶段的对小柘皋河实施水生植物群落构建,建立生态河道示范上程区,改变水生植物群落结构,同时逐月对小柘皋河水质和浮游动物进行周年监测。通过水生植物群落构建,结合水质和浮游动物的检测,定性、定量分析评价水生植物群落构建对入湖河流水体净化作用贡献的大小,综合讨论对入湖河流净化效应,为长江中下游类似河流的治理提供技术支撑和资料。
1.经过多次对小柘皋河流域进行植被调查和采集标本,共采集记录维管植物41科88属102种,其中水生植物25种,隶属于20属16科。挺水植物6科7属9种,浮水植物3科4属4种,漂浮植物3科3属3种,沉水植物5科6属9种,分别占水生植物的36.00%、16.00％、12.00％、36.00%,占植物物种总数的8.82%、3.92％、2.94％、8.82%,并筛选出芦苇(Phragmites australis)、茭草(Zizania latifolia)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)、菱角(Trapa natans)、莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)和菹草(Potamogeton crispus)6个工具物种。
利用已筛选的工具物种在小柘皋河道内进行水生植物群落构建试验工程,改善小柘皋河河道内水生植物的结构。恢复后水生植被面积达到58865m2，占整个河道面积的79.01%,并形成了挺水植物、浮水植物和沉水植物三大群落的河段。
2.小柘皋河的下游(电厂出水口)的水质为劣V类,经过水生植物植物构建形成的生态系统及根区微生物协同作用,提高了对入湖河流水体的净化能力。在河道水体流量一定的情况下,水体中污染物的净化效果为(1) CODCr, TN, NO3-N, TP和NH3-N周年平均去除率为23.61%，25.00%，26.37%，32.93%,33.55%。(1)水生植物对小柘皋河去除的周年污染染负荷为TN:7.46t、TP:0.31t、CODCr:88.35t、NH3-N:5.33t。(3)小柘皋河水体的健康程度是通过污染综合指数判断,进入巢湖的水质为Ⅳ类水,上升了一个等级,为巢湖污染治理作出贡献。
3.水生植物群落构建后,浮游生物群落结构合理,生物多样性明显改善。经过对浮游动物周年监测知,共检测浮游动物75种,其中原生动物6种,轮虫50种,枝角类12种,桡足类7种。生物量和密度在时空变化上极显著相关。水平分布变化得出,生物量和密度在各个站点间差异性不显著(F5)58=0.576,P>0.05; F5,58=0.682, P>0.05)。从季节分布变化得出,生物量、密度季节间的差异性极显著(F3,20=5.659, F3,20=5.177, P<0.01)。由生物量和密度的检测结果,其水质为贫营养至中营养型。丰富度指数D的波动范围是0.27～1.43,生物多样性指数H’的波动范围是0.56～3.71,均匀度指数J的波动范围是0.28～1.11。从D值得知,整个河道为严重污染状态,H’值得知小柘皋河为中度污染状态，J值得知小柘皋河为轻污染或无污染状态。从浮游动物生物量、密度、多样性的各个指数综合判断,小柘皋河水质为中度污染状态。
The river is the channel which connected to the lake ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems, and one of the main channel of the material exchange and nutrient cycling.Inflow rivers as corridors of the lake basin, and their nutritional status is directly related to lake pollution status. Aquatic plants not only can purify the purification of the river water quality, but also improve the ecological environment, and promote the recovery of ecosystems in recent years has become one of the hot research field in ecological environment.
The Xiao Zhegao River located in Chaohu Lake east Lake and one of the polluted river flow into the lake, and is the sewage outfall of Chaohu Huaneng Power, which riched in high phosphorus、nitrogen. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution watershed rural sewage and agricultural surface runoff formation, the XiaoZhegao River water presents serious was eutrophication, water quality indicators have reached the inferior V.
We used the biological and engineering measures, implemented the aquatic plant ecology restoration and building in different phases in XiaoZhegao River, established of ecological demonstration project area in the river, changed the structure of the aquatic plant community,and monitored on the XiaoZhegao River water quality and zooplankton in monthly in Anniversary. By aquatic plants building, combined with the detection and analysis of water quality and zooplankton, we evaluated of the size of the aquatic plant reconstruction project of the purification contrbuition of river water which flow into the lake by qualitative and quantitative,Comprehensive discussed on the purifying effect of inflow rivers, provided technical support and information for the treatment of similar rivers.
1. we have surveyed several vegetation and collected specimens of XiaoZhegao River Basin, collected and recorded of vascular plants which have41families88genera and102species, contained Aquatic plants of25species, belonged to20genera and16families.Emergent plants in6families,7genera,9species and floating plants in3families,4genera and4species, and3families7genera and3species are of floating plants, submerged plants in5families,6genera,9species, accounted the Aquatic plants of the species of36.00%,16.00%,12.00%,36.00%, accounted the total plant species of3.92%,2.94%,8.82%,and screened six tools species,which were Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia.Typha orientalis, Trapa natans, Nelumbo nucifera and Potamogeton Crispus.
Useing the tools species,we implemented the aquatic plant ecology restoration and building in XiaoZhegao River, established of ecological demonstration project area in the river, changed the structure of the aquatic plant community. After the resumption,the aquatic vegetation area was58865m~,79.01%of the entire river area, and form the three major communities,whichwere emergent plants,floating plants and submerged plants.
2.The water quality was inferior V of the Power outlet in XiaoZheGao River upstream, After aquatic plants and their root zone microbial synerging,we assumed the water was in certain flow, nutrients purified effection:(1) CODCr,TN,NO3-N,TP and NH3-N which average removal rate was23.61%,25.00%,26.37%,32.93%,33.55%in annual.(2) The nutrient loading was removed in XiaoZhegao River, TN:7.46t,TP:0.31t, CODCr:88.35t, NH3-N:5.33t in annual.(3) The health of the XiaoZhegao River was judged by the water pollution index,water quality was class Ⅳ,which inflowed into Chaohu and improved a grade,to contribute the ChaoHu pollution control
3.We monitored the zooplankton of Anniversary, detected the75species of zooplankton, which including6species of protozoa,50species of rotifers,12species of Cladocera, and7species of copepods.Biomass, density, richness index and diversity index, evenness index analysis of the six sampling points in the annual variation. Biomass and density in the temporal and spatial variation significantly correlated. Horizontal distribution changes derived biomass and density differences between the various sites was not significant(F5,58=0.576,P>0.05; F5,58=0.682,P>0.05). From the change of the seasonal distribution, biomass, differences in density between seasons was significant (F3,20=5.659, F3,20=5.177, P <0.01).The biomass and density changes of zooplankton,the water quality was from oligotrophic to mesotrophic.Richness index D ranges from0.27to1.43, Biodiversity index H'ranges from0.56to3.71, The evenness index J of the fluctuation range is0.28to1.11,From the D knowing, the entire river was seriously polluted state, from H'knowing was moderately polluted state,from J knowing was light pollution or pollution-free state.Comprehensive consider the zooplankton biomass,density, diversity index,the Xiao Zhegao River's water quality is moderately polluted state.
引文
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