好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器性能和膜污染研究
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摘要
本实验将好氧颗粒污泥技术与膜生物反应器技术相结合,形成好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器AGMBR(Aerobic Granule Membrane Bioreactor)。实验研究了AGMBR的处理性能,并将其与活性污泥膜生物反应器ASMBR(Aerobic Sludge Membrane Bioreactor)进行对比,考察了颗粒污泥在减缓膜污染中所起的作用。
实验分为两部分进行。首先,为了提高好氧颗粒污泥稳定性,在SBAR(SequencingBatch Airlift Reactor)反应器内,通过逐步提高进水N/COD的方法,成功地培养出硝化菌大量富集、稳定性良好、能同时除碳脱氮的好氧硝化颗粒污泥,并考察其稳定性、物理性状、污染物去除效果等性能。然后,在SBAR内加入膜组件建立AGMBR反应器,研究AGMBR的处理性能、运行稳定性,以及好氧硝化颗粒污泥在AGMBR内的污泥培养、形态变化、稳定性等问题;同时,将其与好氧活性污泥膜生物反应器ASMBR进行对比实验,研究两种体系内的膜污染情况,分析两种污泥体系的膜污染机理,主要研究结论如下:
(1)成功的培养出性能良好的好氧硝化颗粒污泥。试验运行至第180天时,硝化颗粒污泥仍结构致密,没有破裂现象发生,SVI值保持在30 ml/g以下,颗粒粒径在1.6mm左右。
(2)好氧硝化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器AGMBR连续稳定运行102天,系统具有良好的去除有机物和同时硝化反硝化能力,在进水COD和NH_4~+-N浓度分别为500和200mg/L时,COD、NH_4~+-N和TN的去除率分别稳定在86%,94%和45%以上。
(3)AGMBR中好氧颗粒污泥有效减缓了膜污染,延长了膜清洗的周期。AGMBR中膜污染以膜孔堵塞为主,占总膜污染阻力的64.81%;滤饼层的阻力为2.1×10~(12) m~(-1),远小于ASMBR中的16.07×10~(12)m~(-1);AGMBR的膜清洗周期是相同条件下ASMBR的2.43倍以上;而且AGMBR内不断有新颗粒生成,维持了AGMBR系统性能和运行的稳定。分析颗粒污泥有效减缓膜污染的原因,主要是由于颗粒的粒径较大,结构致密可压缩性低,沉降性好,不容易在膜表面沉积形成滤饼层,减小了滤饼层的膜污染阻力。因此,好氧颗粒污泥造成的膜污染主要以膜孔堵塞为主。
In this study,an aerobic granules membrane bioreactor(AGMBR) was built up,which combined aerobic granulars technology with membrane bioreactor technology.The performance of AGMBR and the impact on the membrane fouling of aerobic granules were investigated.An aerobic sludge membrane bioreactor(ASMBR) was operated under the same conditions to compare with the AGMBR.
This study included two parts.Firstly,to improve the stability of conventional aerobic granules,aerobic nitrifying granules were successfully cultivated under stepwise increased substrate NH_4~+-N concentrations in an sequencing batch airlift reactor(SBAR).Aerobic nitrifying granules,which were dominated by both heterotrophs and nitrifying bacteria,had excellent stability and simultaneous removal of COD,N and P in wastewaters.The stability, physical characteristic and removal efficiency were all investigated.Secondly,the AGMBR was built up by setting the membrane module in the SBAR.The stability and removal efficiency of AGMBR and the cultivation,morphology,removal efficiency,stability of aerobic nitrifying granules in the AGMBR were investigated.Meanwhile,the ASMBR was operated under identical conditions with the AGMBR,to compare their fouling behaviors and membrane fouling mechanisms.The results showed that aerobic granules had an excellent membrane permeability.The main conclusions were as followed:
(1) The aerobic nitrifying granules,which had excellent performance,were successfully cultivated.The nitrifying granules were compact on day 180.The value of sludge volume index(SVI) was below 30 ml/g and the mean granules size was about 1.6 mm.
(2) The AGMBR showed excellent organics removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND) performances during 102 days operation.COD,NH_4~+-N and TN average removal efficiencies of AGMBR remained at 86%,94%and 45%,when influent concentrations of COD and NH_4~+-N were 500 mg/L and 200 mg/L respectively.
(3) The AGMBR had an excellent membrane permeability and the period of cleaning membrane was extended.In the AGMBR,pore blocking resistance is the predominant factor of the membrane fouling,which is 64.81%of the membrane total resistance.And the cake resistance of the AGMBR is 2.1×10~(12) m~(-1),which is much smaller than 16.07×10~(12) m~(-1) in the ASMBR.The period of cleaning membrane was at least 2.43 times longer as that in the ASMBR.New aerobic granule was produced and grown gradually during experiment operation,which ensure the stabilization of performance and operation in the AGMBR.The excellent membrane permeability of aerobic granules was due to the larger granule size,the compact structure and low compressibility,and better settling ability.So it was hard to form fouling cake layer on the membrane module surface in AGMBR and the cake resistance was reduced.Therefore,the pore blocking resistance is the predominant factor of the membrane fouling in the AGMBR.
实验分为两部分进行。首先,为了提高好氧颗粒污泥稳定性,在SBAR(SequencingBatch Airlift Reactor)反应器内,通过逐步提高进水N/COD的方法,成功地培养出硝化菌大量富集、稳定性良好、能同时除碳脱氮的好氧硝化颗粒污泥,并考察其稳定性、物理性状、污染物去除效果等性能。然后,在SBAR内加入膜组件建立AGMBR反应器,研究AGMBR的处理性能、运行稳定性,以及好氧硝化颗粒污泥在AGMBR内的污泥培养、形态变化、稳定性等问题;同时,将其与好氧活性污泥膜生物反应器ASMBR进行对比实验,研究两种体系内的膜污染情况,分析两种污泥体系的膜污染机理,主要研究结论如下:
(1)成功的培养出性能良好的好氧硝化颗粒污泥。试验运行至第180天时,硝化颗粒污泥仍结构致密,没有破裂现象发生,SVI值保持在30 ml/g以下,颗粒粒径在1.6mm左右。
(2)好氧硝化颗粒污泥膜生物反应器AGMBR连续稳定运行102天,系统具有良好的去除有机物和同时硝化反硝化能力,在进水COD和NH_4~+-N浓度分别为500和200mg/L时,COD、NH_4~+-N和TN的去除率分别稳定在86%,94%和45%以上。
(3)AGMBR中好氧颗粒污泥有效减缓了膜污染,延长了膜清洗的周期。AGMBR中膜污染以膜孔堵塞为主,占总膜污染阻力的64.81%;滤饼层的阻力为2.1×10~(12) m~(-1),远小于ASMBR中的16.07×10~(12)m~(-1);AGMBR的膜清洗周期是相同条件下ASMBR的2.43倍以上;而且AGMBR内不断有新颗粒生成,维持了AGMBR系统性能和运行的稳定。分析颗粒污泥有效减缓膜污染的原因,主要是由于颗粒的粒径较大,结构致密可压缩性低,沉降性好,不容易在膜表面沉积形成滤饼层,减小了滤饼层的膜污染阻力。因此,好氧颗粒污泥造成的膜污染主要以膜孔堵塞为主。
In this study,an aerobic granules membrane bioreactor(AGMBR) was built up,which combined aerobic granulars technology with membrane bioreactor technology.The performance of AGMBR and the impact on the membrane fouling of aerobic granules were investigated.An aerobic sludge membrane bioreactor(ASMBR) was operated under the same conditions to compare with the AGMBR.
This study included two parts.Firstly,to improve the stability of conventional aerobic granules,aerobic nitrifying granules were successfully cultivated under stepwise increased substrate NH_4~+-N concentrations in an sequencing batch airlift reactor(SBAR).Aerobic nitrifying granules,which were dominated by both heterotrophs and nitrifying bacteria,had excellent stability and simultaneous removal of COD,N and P in wastewaters.The stability, physical characteristic and removal efficiency were all investigated.Secondly,the AGMBR was built up by setting the membrane module in the SBAR.The stability and removal efficiency of AGMBR and the cultivation,morphology,removal efficiency,stability of aerobic nitrifying granules in the AGMBR were investigated.Meanwhile,the ASMBR was operated under identical conditions with the AGMBR,to compare their fouling behaviors and membrane fouling mechanisms.The results showed that aerobic granules had an excellent membrane permeability.The main conclusions were as followed:
(1) The aerobic nitrifying granules,which had excellent performance,were successfully cultivated.The nitrifying granules were compact on day 180.The value of sludge volume index(SVI) was below 30 ml/g and the mean granules size was about 1.6 mm.
(2) The AGMBR showed excellent organics removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND) performances during 102 days operation.COD,NH_4~+-N and TN average removal efficiencies of AGMBR remained at 86%,94%and 45%,when influent concentrations of COD and NH_4~+-N were 500 mg/L and 200 mg/L respectively.
(3) The AGMBR had an excellent membrane permeability and the period of cleaning membrane was extended.In the AGMBR,pore blocking resistance is the predominant factor of the membrane fouling,which is 64.81%of the membrane total resistance.And the cake resistance of the AGMBR is 2.1×10~(12) m~(-1),which is much smaller than 16.07×10~(12) m~(-1) in the ASMBR.The period of cleaning membrane was at least 2.43 times longer as that in the ASMBR.New aerobic granule was produced and grown gradually during experiment operation,which ensure the stabilization of performance and operation in the AGMBR.The excellent membrane permeability of aerobic granules was due to the larger granule size,the compact structure and low compressibility,and better settling ability.So it was hard to form fouling cake layer on the membrane module surface in AGMBR and the cake resistance was reduced.Therefore,the pore blocking resistance is the predominant factor of the membrane fouling in the AGMBR.
引文
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