板栗菌根化容器育苗技术研究
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摘要
板栗(Castanes mollissima)是我国名优树种，其果实营养丰富，深受国内外消费者的喜爱，因此，开发板栗市场前景广阔。然而，目前板栗主要以大田实生繁殖为主，由于其苗木的直根性，且根系再生能力差，致使苗木移栽造林时伤根严重，缓苗极慢，结实较晚。而容器苗与菌根菌相结合，则为提高板栗造林成活率提供了一条捷径。
本文以怀柔燕山板栗为对象进行菌根化容器育苗试验，重点筛选了营养土的配方、菌根菌的最佳接种组合及接种方式。同时对板栗菌根菌进行了分离、纯化与培养。旨在提出适宜于板栗容器育苗的配套技术措施。
结果表明：由表土(50％)、河沙(25％)、草炭土(23％)和过磷酸钙(2％)配制成的营养土是培育板栗容器苗的理想配方。其理化指标范围为：全氮0.207％～0.335％，速效磷26.2mg／kg～29.6mg／kg，速效钾167.22mg／kg～339.31mg／kg，有机质3.46％～8.43％，有效铁5.135mg／kg～6.843mg／kg，有效锰2.58 mg／kg～13.52mg／kg，有效铜0.436mg／kg～1.133mg／kg，有效锌0.98mg／kg～4.27mg／kg，水溶性硼0.314mg／kg～0.718mg／kg，pH值5.56～6.89，容重0.494g／cm~3～0.820g／cm~3，孔隙度72.73％～77.83％。
红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)和绵毛丝膜菌(Cortinarius sublanatus)混合接种效果最佳，且以固体菌剂为好。
从大田板栗苗根部取样，进行分离、纯化和培养，成功地分离到一个菌种，但其分类地位还有待于进一步鉴定。
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is an important tree species in China, and nutrition of fruit is abundance. Because its fruit is liked by domestic and international consumers very much, Castanea mollissima has vast development foreground. However, Castanea mollissima cultivation is prior to field seedling propagation now, owing to its taproot characteristic and feeble regeneration capability of root system, lead to injure root seriously when seedlings transplant forestation, revive seedling slowly and fruit late. But the combination of container seedling and mycorrhizal fungi offers a crosscut for improving forestation survival rate of Castanea mollissima.
This paper prosecutes container nursery experiments with Castanea mollissima cv. 'Huairou Yanshan' as object, emphasis screening nutrient medium directions, the best inoculation combination of mycorrhiza fungis and inoculation measure. At the same time, the separation, purification, cultivation of Castanea mollissima mycorrhiza fungi are studied, the aim is to bring forward fit series technique measure for Castanea mollissima container seedling production.
The results show that nutrient medium confected by surface soil (50%), sand (25%), peatmoss (23%), calcium superphosphate (2%) is ideal prescription for cultivating container seedling of Castanea mollissima , and its primary physical and chemical indexes scopes of nutrient medium are tha total nitrogen is 0.207%~0.335%, rapidly available phosphor is 26.162mg/kg~29.6mg/kg, rapidly available potassium is 167.22mg/kg~ 339.3lmg/kg, organic substance is 3.464 % ~ 8.43 % , rapidly available iron is 5.135mg/kg~6.843mg/kg, rapidly available manganese is 2.58 mg/kg- 13.52 mg/kg, rapidly available copper is 0.436mg/kg ~ 1.133mg/kg, rapidly available zinc is 0.98mg/kg~4.27mg/kg, rapidly available boron is 0.314mg/kg~0.718mg/kg, pH is 5.56-6.89,volume weight is 0.494g~0.820g/cm3, porosity is 72.73 %-77.83 %.
The mix inoculation effect of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Cortinarius sublanatus is the best, and solid fungis substance is better.
A fungus is separated successfully by sampling from the Castanea mollissima field seedling roots, isolation, purification and cultivation, but its classification position need authenticate further.
本文以怀柔燕山板栗为对象进行菌根化容器育苗试验，重点筛选了营养土的配方、菌根菌的最佳接种组合及接种方式。同时对板栗菌根菌进行了分离、纯化与培养。旨在提出适宜于板栗容器育苗的配套技术措施。
结果表明：由表土(50％)、河沙(25％)、草炭土(23％)和过磷酸钙(2％)配制成的营养土是培育板栗容器苗的理想配方。其理化指标范围为：全氮0.207％～0.335％，速效磷26.2mg／kg～29.6mg／kg，速效钾167.22mg／kg～339.31mg／kg，有机质3.46％～8.43％，有效铁5.135mg／kg～6.843mg／kg，有效锰2.58 mg／kg～13.52mg／kg，有效铜0.436mg／kg～1.133mg／kg，有效锌0.98mg／kg～4.27mg／kg，水溶性硼0.314mg／kg～0.718mg／kg，pH值5.56～6.89，容重0.494g／cm~3～0.820g／cm~3，孔隙度72.73％～77.83％。
红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)和绵毛丝膜菌(Cortinarius sublanatus)混合接种效果最佳，且以固体菌剂为好。
从大田板栗苗根部取样，进行分离、纯化和培养，成功地分离到一个菌种，但其分类地位还有待于进一步鉴定。
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is an important tree species in China, and nutrition of fruit is abundance. Because its fruit is liked by domestic and international consumers very much, Castanea mollissima has vast development foreground. However, Castanea mollissima cultivation is prior to field seedling propagation now, owing to its taproot characteristic and feeble regeneration capability of root system, lead to injure root seriously when seedlings transplant forestation, revive seedling slowly and fruit late. But the combination of container seedling and mycorrhizal fungi offers a crosscut for improving forestation survival rate of Castanea mollissima.
This paper prosecutes container nursery experiments with Castanea mollissima cv. 'Huairou Yanshan' as object, emphasis screening nutrient medium directions, the best inoculation combination of mycorrhiza fungis and inoculation measure. At the same time, the separation, purification, cultivation of Castanea mollissima mycorrhiza fungi are studied, the aim is to bring forward fit series technique measure for Castanea mollissima container seedling production.
The results show that nutrient medium confected by surface soil (50%), sand (25%), peatmoss (23%), calcium superphosphate (2%) is ideal prescription for cultivating container seedling of Castanea mollissima , and its primary physical and chemical indexes scopes of nutrient medium are tha total nitrogen is 0.207%~0.335%, rapidly available phosphor is 26.162mg/kg~29.6mg/kg, rapidly available potassium is 167.22mg/kg~ 339.3lmg/kg, organic substance is 3.464 % ~ 8.43 % , rapidly available iron is 5.135mg/kg~6.843mg/kg, rapidly available manganese is 2.58 mg/kg- 13.52 mg/kg, rapidly available copper is 0.436mg/kg ~ 1.133mg/kg, rapidly available zinc is 0.98mg/kg~4.27mg/kg, rapidly available boron is 0.314mg/kg~0.718mg/kg, pH is 5.56-6.89,volume weight is 0.494g~0.820g/cm3, porosity is 72.73 %-77.83 %.
The mix inoculation effect of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Cortinarius sublanatus is the best, and solid fungis substance is better.
A fungus is separated successfully by sampling from the Castanea mollissima field seedling roots, isolation, purification and cultivation, but its classification position need authenticate further.
引文
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20．李登武．贺学礼．余仲东．施钾量与AM真菌接种效应的关系．西北植物学报．2002，22(4)：889～893．
21．汪跃华，董华强，陈景勇等．真菌对桉树植株的生理影响．土壤肥料．2002，(2)：39～41．
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2．于水生，张金枝．板栗容器育茁技术．河北林业科技．1998，(2)：49．
3．弓明钦，王凤珍．西南桦对菌根的依赖性及其接种效应研究．林业科学研究．2000，13(1)：8～14．
4．弓明钦，陈羽，王凤珍等．外生菌根对桉树青枯病的防治效应．林业科学研究．1999，12(4)：339～345．
5．马长耕．世界容器苗研究现状及我国发展对策．世界林业研究．1994，(5)：33～41．
6．区约翰，黎盛隆．《林木培育生理学基础》．上海科学技术出版社．1987年．
7．王如新．板栗营养袋育苗造林技术要点．河北林业科技．1995，(4)：54．
8．王新荣，聂绍芳．马占相思菌根调查及利用．林业科技通讯-科技简报．2001，(6)：26～28．
9．邓煜，刘志峰．温室容器育苗基质及苗木生长规律的研究．甘肃林业科技．1999，24(3)：18～23．
10．冯固，白灯莎，杨茂秋等．不同生态型摩西球囊霉菌株对棉花耐盐性的影响．生态学报．2001．21(2)：259～264．
11．冯固，白灯莎，杨茂秋等．盐胁迫对VA菌根形成及接种VAM真菌对植物耐盐性的效应．应用生态学报．1999，10(1)：79～82．
12．冯固，徐冰，秦岭，李晓林．外生菌根真菌对板栗生长及养分吸收的影响．园艺学报．2003，30(3)：311～313．
13．白淑兰，闰伟，马荣华，王铁牛．大青山、蛮汗山外生菌根真菌资源调查．山地学报．2001，19(1)：44～47．
14．刘润进，李敏，王发园．大棚蔬菜根围AM真菌多样性研究初报．莱阳农学院学报．2001，18(4)：280～283．
15．吕全，雷增普．外生菌根提高板栗苗木抗旱性能及其机理的研究．林业科学研究．2000，(13)，249～256．
16．吴静萍，郑师章．密花石斛菌根菌分离鉴定及其代谢产物的测定．复旦学报(自然科学版)．1994，33(5)：547～552．
17．张纪卯．不同基质和容器规格对油杉容器苗生长的影响．福建林学院学报．2001，21(2)：
176～180．
18．张鼎华，黄家彬，孙芹福．外生菌根菌在火炬松人工林应用的研究．应用生态学．1999．10(4)：407～410．
19．李继承，李玉文等．红论容器茁的培育技术．东北林业大学学报．2000，28(3)：13～17．
20．李登武．贺学礼．余仲东．施钾量与AM真菌接种效应的关系．西北植物学报．2002，22(4)：889～893．
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