法引酿酒葡萄霞多丽、黑比诺营养系研究
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摘要
本试验材料选用葡萄酒学院1998年从法国引入的无病毒营养系：
黑比诺品种(系)：98-PN-115、98-PN-292、98-PN-375、98-PN-521，对照为国内原有品种黑比诺(Pinot Noir)；霞多丽品种(系)：98-CH-76、98-CH-132、98-CH-277、98-CH-548、98-CH-549，对照为国内原有品种霞多丽(Chardannay)。
从植物学性状、经济生物学性状、抗病性、果实品质和葡萄酒质量等方面作了系统的研究，研究结果表明：
1、霞多丽、黑比诺各品种(系)的植物学性状差异不大。
2、霞多丽、黑比诺各品种(系)生长势中等，果穗小，果粒中等大小。霞多丽品种(系)中，98-CH-549果穗重量最大；黑比诺各品种(系)中，98-PN-375果穗重量最大。
3、成熟过程中，各品种(系)还原糖含量从转色期开始迅速升高，总酸含量则迅速下降。接近成熟时变化趋缓。各品种(系)果实糖酸比为中，均在10～23之间。采收时霞多丽各品种(系)中，以98-CH-277还原糖含量最高，总酸含量最低，糖酸比在各营养系中最高，品质较佳；黑比诺各品种(系)中，以98-PN-375还原糖含量最高，总酸含量也较低，糖酸比为中，品质较佳。
4、采用田间自然感病法对各各品种(系)的抗病性进行分析，得到：霞多丽品种(系)中98-CH-76对白腐病抗性最强，98-CH-549对霜霉病抗性最强；黑比诺品种(系)中98-PN-115对白腐病抗性最强，霜霉病发病初期黑比诺表现较强抗性，在由霜霉病引起的早期落叶中，98-PN-375表现较强抗性。
5、在单品系酿酒试验中，98-CH-132、98-CH-277干白葡萄酒质量优；98-PN-375干红葡萄酒质量优。但由于各品种(系)植株仍处于幼树期，该实验作为淘汰品系的优劣指标，则不充分。
6、综合各品种(系)的抗病性、成熟特性和酿酒特性，品系98-CH-277和98-PN-375综合表现好。
Materials are the Clones of Chardonnay (98-CH-76, 98-CH-132, 98-CH-277, 98-CH-548, 98-CH-549) and clones of Pinot Noir (98-PN-115, 98-PN-292, 98-PN-375, 98-PN-521) from Franc in 1998. Their botanical characters and economic biology, resistance of disease, quality of grape berries and wines were studied systematically in the experiment. The results show:
l.No obvious difference was observed among clones of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir in botanical characters.
2.The bunch weights of clones of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir were small with moderate growth vigor and medium berried. The biggest bunch was 98-CH-549 among Chardonnay clones and 98-PN-375 among Pinot Noir clones.
3.Sugar content of all the clones was increasing while the total acid content was decreasing rapidly at v(?)rauson. The change would slow down when the berry was ripe. Ratios of Sugar and acid of all the clones were medium, from 10 to 23.
The quality of 98-CH-277 was better with highest sugar content and the lowest total acid content among Chardonnay clones. So is 98-PN-375 among Pinot Noir clones.
4.Disease resistance of all the clones were investigated in field condition. 98-CH-76 and 98-PN-115 show higher resistance to Coniathyriwn diplodiella ( Speg. ) Sacc. 98-CH-549 and Pinot Noir show higher resistance to Plasmopara Viticola at initial stage, 98-PN-375 and 98-CH-548 show higher resistance in the early defoliation resulting from Plasmopara Viticola.
5.The quality of white wine of 98-CH-132 and 98-CH-277, red wine of 98-PN-375 were better. Because all the wine grape in the experiment are young trees, so the result for criterion to eliminate inferior clones is not enough. Further studies are still needed.
6. 98-CH-277 and 98-PN-375 are better clones according to resistance of disease, character of berries and vinification characteristic.
黑比诺品种(系)：98-PN-115、98-PN-292、98-PN-375、98-PN-521，对照为国内原有品种黑比诺(Pinot Noir)；霞多丽品种(系)：98-CH-76、98-CH-132、98-CH-277、98-CH-548、98-CH-549，对照为国内原有品种霞多丽(Chardannay)。
从植物学性状、经济生物学性状、抗病性、果实品质和葡萄酒质量等方面作了系统的研究，研究结果表明：
1、霞多丽、黑比诺各品种(系)的植物学性状差异不大。
2、霞多丽、黑比诺各品种(系)生长势中等，果穗小，果粒中等大小。霞多丽品种(系)中，98-CH-549果穗重量最大；黑比诺各品种(系)中，98-PN-375果穗重量最大。
3、成熟过程中，各品种(系)还原糖含量从转色期开始迅速升高，总酸含量则迅速下降。接近成熟时变化趋缓。各品种(系)果实糖酸比为中，均在10～23之间。采收时霞多丽各品种(系)中，以98-CH-277还原糖含量最高，总酸含量最低，糖酸比在各营养系中最高，品质较佳；黑比诺各品种(系)中，以98-PN-375还原糖含量最高，总酸含量也较低，糖酸比为中，品质较佳。
4、采用田间自然感病法对各各品种(系)的抗病性进行分析，得到：霞多丽品种(系)中98-CH-76对白腐病抗性最强，98-CH-549对霜霉病抗性最强；黑比诺品种(系)中98-PN-115对白腐病抗性最强，霜霉病发病初期黑比诺表现较强抗性，在由霜霉病引起的早期落叶中，98-PN-375表现较强抗性。
5、在单品系酿酒试验中，98-CH-132、98-CH-277干白葡萄酒质量优；98-PN-375干红葡萄酒质量优。但由于各品种(系)植株仍处于幼树期，该实验作为淘汰品系的优劣指标，则不充分。
6、综合各品种(系)的抗病性、成熟特性和酿酒特性，品系98-CH-277和98-PN-375综合表现好。
Materials are the Clones of Chardonnay (98-CH-76, 98-CH-132, 98-CH-277, 98-CH-548, 98-CH-549) and clones of Pinot Noir (98-PN-115, 98-PN-292, 98-PN-375, 98-PN-521) from Franc in 1998. Their botanical characters and economic biology, resistance of disease, quality of grape berries and wines were studied systematically in the experiment. The results show:
l.No obvious difference was observed among clones of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir in botanical characters.
2.The bunch weights of clones of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir were small with moderate growth vigor and medium berried. The biggest bunch was 98-CH-549 among Chardonnay clones and 98-PN-375 among Pinot Noir clones.
3.Sugar content of all the clones was increasing while the total acid content was decreasing rapidly at v(?)rauson. The change would slow down when the berry was ripe. Ratios of Sugar and acid of all the clones were medium, from 10 to 23.
The quality of 98-CH-277 was better with highest sugar content and the lowest total acid content among Chardonnay clones. So is 98-PN-375 among Pinot Noir clones.
4.Disease resistance of all the clones were investigated in field condition. 98-CH-76 and 98-PN-115 show higher resistance to Coniathyriwn diplodiella ( Speg. ) Sacc. 98-CH-549 and Pinot Noir show higher resistance to Plasmopara Viticola at initial stage, 98-PN-375 and 98-CH-548 show higher resistance in the early defoliation resulting from Plasmopara Viticola.
5.The quality of white wine of 98-CH-132 and 98-CH-277, red wine of 98-PN-375 were better. Because all the wine grape in the experiment are young trees, so the result for criterion to eliminate inferior clones is not enough. Further studies are still needed.
6. 98-CH-277 and 98-PN-375 are better clones according to resistance of disease, character of berries and vinification characteristic.
引文
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