内蒙古牧区土壤中链霉素残留的检测及吸附行为的研究
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摘要
抗生素污染问题逐渐受到人们普遍的关注。尤其是以畜牧业为支柱产业的内蒙古牧区,兽药抗生素得到了广泛的应用,从而兽药抗生素的排放量大大增加,进入环境的抗生素残留污染越来越突出。研究抗生素的环境行为,可以为相关污染的防治,污染土壤的修复及环境管理,兽药的合理应用及环境风险评估提供科学依据。本论文主要研究兽药链霉素在内蒙古牧区土壤中的残留及吸附行为。研究分为四个部分。
(1)采用高效液相色谱测定链霉素含量。色谱条件为：流动相：水-乙腈(80：20)；检测波长：331nm。土壤中链霉素以水为提取剂,超声提取,固相萃取柱净化,HPLC进行含量测定。土壤中链霉素残留检出率达到了50%。
(2)研究了链霉素在土壤里的吸附行为,以及不同环境因素对链霉素在土壤里吸附的影响。土壤对链霉素的吸附在24h内达到平衡,吸附过程符合Lagergren二级动力学方程。吸附等温线均符合Freundlich方程。土壤颗粒直径减小、pH值降低、土壤有机质和微生物等均有利于土壤对链霉素的吸附。
(3)初步研究了不同浓度阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTAB)对土壤吸附链霉素的影响。结果表明：阳离子表面活性剂因为竞争吸附和增溶作用而降低了链霉素在土壤里的吸附量。阴离子同样也存在增溶作用。
(4)研究了链霉素在土壤里的解吸附作用。去除土壤有机质和灭菌促进低浓度链霉素的解吸附,而不利于高浓度链霉素的解吸附。Ca2+、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTAB)对链霉素在土壤里解吸附也均有相应的影响。
Antibiotic pollution attracts much attention gradually. Especially in Inner Mongolia, where stockbreeding is one of the major industries, veterinary antibiotics are used widely. Thereby, emission of veterinary antibiotics increases and antibiotic residue pollution is becoming heavier. Study on environmental behaviors of antibiotics, will offer evidences for prevention and cure of correlative pollution, repair of polluted soil, environmental management, reasonable utilize of veterinary antibiotics and evaluation of environmental risks. This study is mainly about residue and adsorption of veterinary Streptomycin in Inner Mongolian pastoral. The main work consists of four parts:
(1) The content of Streptomycin was determined by HPLC. Measurement condition:water-acetonitrile(80:20) as mobile phase; detection wavelength of 215 nm. Water is used as extraction agent, extract with ultrasonic. The sample was purified by SPE column and detected by HPLC. Detection rate of Streptomycin in soil samples reached 50%.
(2) Study adsorption behavior of Streptomycin on soil and other influencing factors on soil adsorption. The results show the adsorption of Streptomycin on soil can reach equilibrium in 24h, the adsorption process is fit for Lagergren adsorption kinetic equationsⅡ. The adsorption isotherms are all fit for Freundlich equation. With the decreasing of particle size, increasing of pH value, and increasing of organic matter and microorganisms are helpful for adsorption of Streptomycin on soil.
(3) The effect of Different concentrations of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(HTAB) to soil adsorption of Streptomycin was preliminarily studied. The results show, Cationic surfactant reduce the adsorption capacity because of competitive adsorption and solubilization. Anionic surfactant also has solubilization.
(4) Studied the desorption of Streptomycin on soil. Removing of organic matters and sterilization facilitate the low concentration Streptomycin's desorption. Ca2+, Anionic surfactant and Cationic surfactant also have corresponding affects.
(1)采用高效液相色谱测定链霉素含量。色谱条件为：流动相：水-乙腈(80：20)；检测波长：331nm。土壤中链霉素以水为提取剂,超声提取,固相萃取柱净化,HPLC进行含量测定。土壤中链霉素残留检出率达到了50%。
(2)研究了链霉素在土壤里的吸附行为,以及不同环境因素对链霉素在土壤里吸附的影响。土壤对链霉素的吸附在24h内达到平衡,吸附过程符合Lagergren二级动力学方程。吸附等温线均符合Freundlich方程。土壤颗粒直径减小、pH值降低、土壤有机质和微生物等均有利于土壤对链霉素的吸附。
(3)初步研究了不同浓度阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTAB)对土壤吸附链霉素的影响。结果表明：阳离子表面活性剂因为竞争吸附和增溶作用而降低了链霉素在土壤里的吸附量。阴离子同样也存在增溶作用。
(4)研究了链霉素在土壤里的解吸附作用。去除土壤有机质和灭菌促进低浓度链霉素的解吸附,而不利于高浓度链霉素的解吸附。Ca2+、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTAB)对链霉素在土壤里解吸附也均有相应的影响。
Antibiotic pollution attracts much attention gradually. Especially in Inner Mongolia, where stockbreeding is one of the major industries, veterinary antibiotics are used widely. Thereby, emission of veterinary antibiotics increases and antibiotic residue pollution is becoming heavier. Study on environmental behaviors of antibiotics, will offer evidences for prevention and cure of correlative pollution, repair of polluted soil, environmental management, reasonable utilize of veterinary antibiotics and evaluation of environmental risks. This study is mainly about residue and adsorption of veterinary Streptomycin in Inner Mongolian pastoral. The main work consists of four parts:
(1) The content of Streptomycin was determined by HPLC. Measurement condition:water-acetonitrile(80:20) as mobile phase; detection wavelength of 215 nm. Water is used as extraction agent, extract with ultrasonic. The sample was purified by SPE column and detected by HPLC. Detection rate of Streptomycin in soil samples reached 50%.
(2) Study adsorption behavior of Streptomycin on soil and other influencing factors on soil adsorption. The results show the adsorption of Streptomycin on soil can reach equilibrium in 24h, the adsorption process is fit for Lagergren adsorption kinetic equationsⅡ. The adsorption isotherms are all fit for Freundlich equation. With the decreasing of particle size, increasing of pH value, and increasing of organic matter and microorganisms are helpful for adsorption of Streptomycin on soil.
(3) The effect of Different concentrations of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(HTAB) to soil adsorption of Streptomycin was preliminarily studied. The results show, Cationic surfactant reduce the adsorption capacity because of competitive adsorption and solubilization. Anionic surfactant also has solubilization.
(4) Studied the desorption of Streptomycin on soil. Removing of organic matters and sterilization facilitate the low concentration Streptomycin's desorption. Ca2+, Anionic surfactant and Cationic surfactant also have corresponding affects.
引文
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[2]Davidson J. Genetic exchange between bacteria in the environment. Plasmid,1999, (42):73-91.
[3]王冉,刘铁铮,王恬.抗生素在环境中的转归及其生态毒性[J].1000-0933(2006)01-0265-06
[4]安徽科技.什么是抗生素.[EB／OL].(2004-8-20)[2006-10-14].http://www.ahpst. net. cn/kp_2/yxkj/2004820114130.html.
[5]王兰.2006.抗生素污染现状及对环境微生态的影响[J].药物生物技术,13(2)：144-148.
[6]候放亮.饲料添加剂应用大全[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2003；37-49.
[7]MELLON M, BENBROOK C, BENBROOK L. Estimates of Antimicrobial Abusein Live-stock[J].Union of Concerned Scientists Publications,Washington DC,2001.7-9.
[8]刘吉强,诸葛玉平,杨鹤,顾继光.兽药抗生素的残留状况与环境行为[J].0564-3945-(2008)05-1198-06
[9]武庭瑄,周敏,郭宏栋,等.四环素在黄土中的吸附行为[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(11)：2311-2314.
[l0]普锦成,章明奎.泰乐菌素和土霉素在农业土壤中的消解和运移[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(5)：954-959.
[11]RAB·LLEM, SPLIID N H. Sorption and mobility of metronidazole, olaquindox, oxytetracycline and tylosin in soil [J].Chemosphere,2000,40:715-722.
[12]SASSMAN S A,SARMAH A K,L EE L S. Sorption of tylosin. A, D, and a-aldol and degradation of tylosin A in soils[J].Environ Toxicol Chem,2007,26 (8):1629-1635.
[13]章明奎,王丽平,郑顺.安两种外源抗生素在农业土壤中的吸附与迁移特性[J].生态学报,1000-0933(2008)02-0761-06
[14]王丽平,章明奎.土壤性质对抗生素吸附的影响[J].土壤通报,0564-3945(2009)02-0420-04
[15]吴燕,郭成明,袁雯玮.氨基糖昔类抗生素分析方法进展[J].天津药学,2005,17(1)：46-48.
[16]黄粗凌,刘智宏,叶妮,等.ELISA法检测牛奶中链霉素残留量[J].中国乳品工业,2007,35(2)：53-56.
[17]范国英,王建华,王自良等.链霉素残留快速检测阻断ELISA试剂盒的研制及其性能测定[J].中国兽医杂志,2008,44(1)：82-84.
[18]范国英,王顺岗,王自良.链霉素残留检测ELISA试剂盒的研制及应用[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(3)：380-384.
[19]秦燕,鲍伦军,朱柳明.鸡肝中链霉素残留的2种免疫分析法[J].华南农业大学学报：自然科学 版,2003,24(4)：88-91.
[20]何方洋,万字平,丁双阳.链霉素胶体金快速检测试纸条的研制[J].中国动物检疫,2008,25(5)：29-31.
[21]王立,江洁,张莹,等.化学发光法测定水产品中链霉素残留[J].广西师范大学学报：自然科学版,2007,25(3)：83-87.
[22]张晓燕,徐锦忠,沈崇钰,等.高效液相色谱柱后衍生法测定蜂王浆中的链霉素[J].色谱,2008,26(3)：396-397.
[23]王立,林洪,江洁.液相色谱法测定水产品中链霉素残留[J].中国食品学报,2006,6(1)：204-207.
[24]Multiclass Determination and Confirmation of Antibiotic Residues in Honey Using LC-MS/MS[J], Agric. Food Chem.2008,56,1553-1559
[25]吕青,朱咏梅,刘勇,王立,林洪.食品中链霉素检测方法研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,0517-6611(2009)17-07850-02
[26]李俊国,孙红文.芘在土壤中的长期吸附和解吸行为[J],环境科学,0250-3301(2006)01-0165-06
[27]高立明,万莉等.柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析农用链霉素.农药[J],2007,46(5)：330-332
[28]张晓燕,徐锦忠等.高效液相色谱柱后衍生法测定蜂王浆中的链霉素.色谱[J],2008,3：393-397
[29]Mayda I., Jeffery S., I. Barton,AND Pak-Sin Chu, Multiclass Determination and Confirmation of Antibiotic Residues in Honey Using LC-MS/MS. J. Agric.Food Chem[J],2008,56,1553-15
[30]http://baike.baidu.com/view/39759.htm?fr=ala0_1_1
[3l]刘飒,刘绍璞,谢锂纱,宋彦琪,胡小莉.刚果红分光光度法测定链霉素[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版).1673--9868(2008)09-0053-04
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