利用天气雷达网监测神七返回舱试验及基于精细风场的神七伞降轨迹预测研究
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摘要
2008年9月21-28日中国气象局在内蒙古四子王旗“神舟七号”载人飞船(简称神七)主着陆场附近进行了加强飞船回收气象保障的科学试验。本文主要从以下三个方面对神舟号返回舱再入段进行了研究：
首先,应用“再入物理学”、“电磁波在等离子体中的传播”、“雷达目标特性”等综合学科知识,以神舟返回舱再入段的雷达测量数据为依据,对“再入目标雷达隐身机理进行了系统的分析,阐述了雷达丢失目标现象出现的必然性,对整个再入过程中,目标雷达散射特性的变化规律做出了较为完整地描述。
其次,围绕利用天气雷达监测神七返回舱试验进行了研究,提出了神七返回舱的预定理论轨迹计算方法,提出了神七返回沿线天气雷达的观测参数的计算方法,设计了天气雷达实时捕获飞船的实施方案,并于2008年9月28日指导了天气雷达站的操作人员实时监测神七返回舱,事后又对监测数据进行反演,并与理论计算的轨迹和北京航天飞控中心提供的神七载人飞船回收段的部分航天实测数据进行了比对。本次试验证明了天气雷达能够跟踪监测神七返回舱,证实了我国气象部门现行业务天气雷达站网监测飞船的可行性,这是对航天测控网的有效补充。本文所编写的程序、计算预定理论轨迹和雷达观测参数的算法以及把天气雷达监测飞船数据反演成飞船轨迹的方法为今后进行天气雷达实时监测飞船积累了宝贵的经验,但在试验研究中也遇到了一些问题值得探讨,关于飞船在黑障区的探测破解,尚有许多地方需要今后做深入的研究。
最后,针对神七载人飞船的伞降回收着陆阶段受空中水平风影响很大的特点进行了分析研究,提出了伞降轨迹的计算方法；对精细的数值预报模式、高空探测和车载多普勒测风激光雷达获得的风廓线资料进行了对比分析；利用3种风廓线资料分别对神七返回舱开伞前后的轨迹进行了预测；并与神七实测开伞点和着陆点进行了比较分析。试验证明,精细资料为飞船的回收段的风修正提供了更详细的信息,利用精细风资料预测飞船伞降轨迹,有助于飞行控制指令编发,从而提高飞船定点回收的精度和可靠性,减小飞船的搜救范围,缩短搜救时间。
The China Meteorological Administration conducted an experiment involving Weather Radar network monitoring the SHOUZHOU-7Reentry Capsule, high-resolution wind observation, analysis and prediction its trajectory deploying a parachute based on a fine wind field between21and28September2008over the Siziwangqi Ulan Qab League of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.
This paper tries to make a study on the Reentry Capsule of the SHENZHOU series of spacecraft in the reentry phase from the following three perspectives.
Firstly, based on the actual measuring data of C-band radar, the article made a system analysis on the mechanism of the plasma stealth of reentry target. Various branches of knowledge were used in this article such as reentry physics, theory of propagation of electromagnetic wave, characteristics of radar target. The inevitability of temporary target loss during the tracing of reentry capsule under the centimeter wave radar detecting technology was illustrated. The integrated description of electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the Reentry Capsule during the whole reentering proces was presented.
Secondly, An experiment of observing the reentry capsule SHENZHOU-7using weather radar network was studied. The algorithms for the fixed theoretical trajectory of the reentry capsule SHENZHOU-7and the monitoring parameter of the weather radars along the recovery line of spacecraft were studied. The monitoring parameters have been used to guild the radar operator to real-time monitor the reentry capsule SHENZHOU-7on September28,2008. After experiment, the trajectory was given by fitting analysis of the observation data of the weather radar was intercompared with the theorectical trajectory and the real observed from the Beijing Aeroplane Control Center. The experiment proved the partial weather radar stations are able to trace back and detect the SHENZHOU-7reentry capsule, this is an effective supplementary to our space tracking network. The algorithm and program in this paper accumulated value experience for observing the spacecraft using weather radars in the future, but also meet some problem in the experiment need to be further discussion, solving the problem how to detect the spacecraft in the blackout area, there are so many place need further study in the future.
Finally, the characterization of the horizontal wind plays an important role in predicting the trajectory of the manned spacecraft SHENZHOU-7when employing a parachute was analyzed, an algorithm for tracking a spacecraft deploying a parachute is studied. High-resolution wind profiles obtained from a numerical weather model, upper-atmosphere soundings and mobile incoherent Doppler wind lidar are compared. Forward and backward trajectory predictions based on various wind profiles, as well as their differences, are presented. In addition, the trajectory of SHENZHOU-7is predicted using different wind profiles, and the predicted parachute-opening and landing points are compared with the observed points. Results indicate that a high-resolution numerical weather model and fine observation data can offer more-detailed wind information for the prediction of spacecraft trajectories and can thus help in the editing and sending of flight commands, consequently increasing the accuracy and reliability of landing on an assigned spot and reducing the search area and rescue time.
首先,应用“再入物理学”、“电磁波在等离子体中的传播”、“雷达目标特性”等综合学科知识,以神舟返回舱再入段的雷达测量数据为依据,对“再入目标雷达隐身机理进行了系统的分析,阐述了雷达丢失目标现象出现的必然性,对整个再入过程中,目标雷达散射特性的变化规律做出了较为完整地描述。
其次,围绕利用天气雷达监测神七返回舱试验进行了研究,提出了神七返回舱的预定理论轨迹计算方法,提出了神七返回沿线天气雷达的观测参数的计算方法,设计了天气雷达实时捕获飞船的实施方案,并于2008年9月28日指导了天气雷达站的操作人员实时监测神七返回舱,事后又对监测数据进行反演,并与理论计算的轨迹和北京航天飞控中心提供的神七载人飞船回收段的部分航天实测数据进行了比对。本次试验证明了天气雷达能够跟踪监测神七返回舱,证实了我国气象部门现行业务天气雷达站网监测飞船的可行性,这是对航天测控网的有效补充。本文所编写的程序、计算预定理论轨迹和雷达观测参数的算法以及把天气雷达监测飞船数据反演成飞船轨迹的方法为今后进行天气雷达实时监测飞船积累了宝贵的经验,但在试验研究中也遇到了一些问题值得探讨,关于飞船在黑障区的探测破解,尚有许多地方需要今后做深入的研究。
最后,针对神七载人飞船的伞降回收着陆阶段受空中水平风影响很大的特点进行了分析研究,提出了伞降轨迹的计算方法；对精细的数值预报模式、高空探测和车载多普勒测风激光雷达获得的风廓线资料进行了对比分析；利用3种风廓线资料分别对神七返回舱开伞前后的轨迹进行了预测；并与神七实测开伞点和着陆点进行了比较分析。试验证明,精细资料为飞船的回收段的风修正提供了更详细的信息,利用精细风资料预测飞船伞降轨迹,有助于飞行控制指令编发,从而提高飞船定点回收的精度和可靠性,减小飞船的搜救范围,缩短搜救时间。
The China Meteorological Administration conducted an experiment involving Weather Radar network monitoring the SHOUZHOU-7Reentry Capsule, high-resolution wind observation, analysis and prediction its trajectory deploying a parachute based on a fine wind field between21and28September2008over the Siziwangqi Ulan Qab League of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region.
This paper tries to make a study on the Reentry Capsule of the SHENZHOU series of spacecraft in the reentry phase from the following three perspectives.
Firstly, based on the actual measuring data of C-band radar, the article made a system analysis on the mechanism of the plasma stealth of reentry target. Various branches of knowledge were used in this article such as reentry physics, theory of propagation of electromagnetic wave, characteristics of radar target. The inevitability of temporary target loss during the tracing of reentry capsule under the centimeter wave radar detecting technology was illustrated. The integrated description of electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the Reentry Capsule during the whole reentering proces was presented.
Secondly, An experiment of observing the reentry capsule SHENZHOU-7using weather radar network was studied. The algorithms for the fixed theoretical trajectory of the reentry capsule SHENZHOU-7and the monitoring parameter of the weather radars along the recovery line of spacecraft were studied. The monitoring parameters have been used to guild the radar operator to real-time monitor the reentry capsule SHENZHOU-7on September28,2008. After experiment, the trajectory was given by fitting analysis of the observation data of the weather radar was intercompared with the theorectical trajectory and the real observed from the Beijing Aeroplane Control Center. The experiment proved the partial weather radar stations are able to trace back and detect the SHENZHOU-7reentry capsule, this is an effective supplementary to our space tracking network. The algorithm and program in this paper accumulated value experience for observing the spacecraft using weather radars in the future, but also meet some problem in the experiment need to be further discussion, solving the problem how to detect the spacecraft in the blackout area, there are so many place need further study in the future.
Finally, the characterization of the horizontal wind plays an important role in predicting the trajectory of the manned spacecraft SHENZHOU-7when employing a parachute was analyzed, an algorithm for tracking a spacecraft deploying a parachute is studied. High-resolution wind profiles obtained from a numerical weather model, upper-atmosphere soundings and mobile incoherent Doppler wind lidar are compared. Forward and backward trajectory predictions based on various wind profiles, as well as their differences, are presented. In addition, the trajectory of SHENZHOU-7is predicted using different wind profiles, and the predicted parachute-opening and landing points are compared with the observed points. Results indicate that a high-resolution numerical weather model and fine observation data can offer more-detailed wind information for the prediction of spacecraft trajectories and can thus help in the editing and sending of flight commands, consequently increasing the accuracy and reliability of landing on an assigned spot and reducing the search area and rescue time.
引文
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