数字作品版权保护法律制度的比较研究
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摘要
近年来，信息数字化技术的迅猛发展，对世界知识产权法律体系造成的冲击，使得旧有的知识产权法律体系中一些固有的原则和概念无法规范、解释诸多与新技术一同产生的新问题。可以说，数字作品的出现，使现行的版权制度面临有史以来最大的一次挑战。面对数字时代的版权保护，目前有两种对立的观点：一种认为目前的版权法已经过时了，需要另立新法以替之；另一种则认为可以在现有法律制度的基础上，通过对版权法的修改来解决当前面临的问题。本文认为，版权法的基本制度体系在数字技术环境下还是适用的，但是由于数字技术带来的很多新问题是现行版权法难以包容的，因此设立新的法律概念也势在必行。本文在数字作品的归类、复制、网络传输和版权管理等几方面对美国和欧盟等国家采取的相应对策进行比较分析，同时探讨了我国《著作权法》的现状和在这几方面的不足，认为在信息技术全球化、以及各国版权制度在Trips框架下运行的背景下，各国对新技术的版权保护必将采取基本一致的措施。因此，在数字技术高度发展的今天，我国版权制度的修订也应体现出这种发展趋势。
In recent years, the rapid development of digital technology brings great impact to the world intellectual property system. Therefore, some principles and conceptions are not able to explain the new problems drawn by new technology. The appearance of digital works is the ever-largest challenge that copyright system encounters. As for the copyright protection in the age of digital, there are two main opinions at present, one is that the present copyright law is out-dated and a new law system should be created to instead of it; the other is that on the basis of the present law and system, the emendation to the present copyright law may resolve these problems. This paper's opinion is that the basic system of copyright law is still suitable for the age of digital. But since Hie present copyright law cannot resolve many new problems drawn by digital technology, it is necessary to create some new legal conceptions. On the issues of the classification, the work's copy, the transmission on Internet and copyright administration of digital works, the paper analyzes the policies that US, European Union and other world organizations adopted and makes research on the situation and disadvantages of our country's present copyright law. The paper concludes that under the background of information technology globalization and the operation of countries' copyright laws according to the Trips, countries in the world will adopt basically united policies to the copyright protection of new technology, and therefore in such an age of highly developed digital technology, the emendation of our country's copyright system must fit the developing trend.
In recent years, the rapid development of digital technology brings great impact to the world intellectual property system. Therefore, some principles and conceptions are not able to explain the new problems drawn by new technology. The appearance of digital works is the ever-largest challenge that copyright system encounters. As for the copyright protection in the age of digital, there are two main opinions at present, one is that the present copyright law is out-dated and a new law system should be created to instead of it; the other is that on the basis of the present law and system, the emendation to the present copyright law may resolve these problems. This paper's opinion is that the basic system of copyright law is still suitable for the age of digital. But since Hie present copyright law cannot resolve many new problems drawn by digital technology, it is necessary to create some new legal conceptions. On the issues of the classification, the work's copy, the transmission on Internet and copyright administration of digital works, the paper analyzes the policies that US, European Union and other world organizations adopted and makes research on the situation and disadvantages of our country's present copyright law. The paper concludes that under the background of information technology globalization and the operation of countries' copyright laws according to the Trips, countries in the world will adopt basically united policies to the copyright protection of new technology, and therefore in such an age of highly developed digital technology, the emendation of our country's copyright system must fit the developing trend.
引文
[1]．《数字化生存》，尼葛洛庞帝(Negroponte)，海南出版社，1997年版
[2]．《数字化技术的发展对现行著作权制度带来的新问题》，应明，《电子知识产权》，1996(2)
[3]．《论欧共体对数据库的法律保护》，张广荣，《电子知识产权》，1994(3)
[4]．《多媒体与著作权》，中山信弘，张玉瑞译，《电子知识产权》，1997(9)
[5]．《信息技术对著作权制度的影响》，郭永，《著作权》，1996(3)
[6]．《数字化技术对版权保护的影响》，金渝林，《国际电子报》，1996(7)
[7]．《欧洲数字技术应用的著作权问题》詹斯·加斯特博士，《著作权》，1995(1)
[8]．《知识产权与国家信息基础设施》白皮书，美国知识产权小组
[9].IITF, White Paper, Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure, 1995,9
Commission of the European Communities, Green Paper, Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society, 1995,7,19, Brussels
Heaty, Multimedia and Urheberrecth in Japan, ibid
[10].Information Infrastructure Task Force of USA, Green Paper, Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure
[11]．《数字技术对版权保护的影响》，数字技术版权保护研讨会综述
[12]．《网络时代的知识产权法》，薛虹，法律出版社
[2]．《数字化技术的发展对现行著作权制度带来的新问题》，应明，《电子知识产权》，1996(2)
[3]．《论欧共体对数据库的法律保护》，张广荣，《电子知识产权》，1994(3)
[4]．《多媒体与著作权》，中山信弘，张玉瑞译，《电子知识产权》，1997(9)
[5]．《信息技术对著作权制度的影响》，郭永，《著作权》，1996(3)
[6]．《数字化技术对版权保护的影响》，金渝林，《国际电子报》，1996(7)
[7]．《欧洲数字技术应用的著作权问题》詹斯·加斯特博士，《著作权》，1995(1)
[8]．《知识产权与国家信息基础设施》白皮书，美国知识产权小组
[9].IITF, White Paper, Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure, 1995,9
Commission of the European Communities, Green Paper, Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society, 1995,7,19, Brussels
Heaty, Multimedia and Urheberrecth in Japan, ibid
[10].Information Infrastructure Task Force of USA, Green Paper, Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure
[11]．《数字技术对版权保护的影响》，数字技术版权保护研讨会综述
[12]．《网络时代的知识产权法》，薛虹，法律出版社