通用型变电站倒闸操作票智能系统的开发研究
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摘要
变电站倒闸操作决策是电力系统中一项非常重要的并且十分复杂的工作,一般由工作人员来完成。正常情况下的一切操作决策都得以操作票的形式明确表现出来。正确的操作决策是防止误操作的基础,为了提高电力系统的安全运行水平,减轻工作人员的劳动强度,克服人们易受环境条件、情绪等诸多因素影响的缺点,完全有必要研制一种较为客观的手段帮助工作人员进行正确的操作决策和较快地开出正确的操作票。
本文设计的智能操作票系统旨在解决变电站根据操作任务开列倒闸操作票的准确性、快速性、安全性和可靠性,并且实现软件对不同电站的通用性。该系统以Visual C++6.0为开发工具,结合了Access数据库,主要分绘图子系统、存储子系统、开票子系统,支持自动开票和手动开票两种方式。开发过程中充分利用了Visual C++在界面开发方面的优势实现人机对话,使该系统具有很强的可操作性,利用ODBC接口访问Access数据库实现大量数据的保存,并且严格按照倒闸操作的规则编写逻辑分析模块,实现该系统的可靠性。
绘图子系统采用了图元绘图方法降低了绘图难度,减少了工作人员的工作量,并且具有可扩展性。存储子系统引入现代化生产中关于物资模块化柔性存储的思想,通过动态建表的方法实现了数据的灵活存储,并且,设备的图形数据与电气属性分开保存,然后通过控制变量进行关联,这样有利于维护图形和设备属性库,也使数据更安全。在开票子系统中,选用人工智能方法,开发了基于规则的操作票专家系统,完成开票过程中的逻辑判断与分析。为专家系统建立了产生式知识库,并且根据模块化设计思想,把知识库按功能分为一次规则库、二次规则库、排序规则库和判定规则库,对于不同的规则库又按关键词的数目进行分层。这种分层分块式知识库结构简单、层次分明,有利于搜索。根据倒闸操作的特点,本文采用了逆向推理的策略,先根据操作任务确定目标,然后判断到达此目标的条件是否成立。由于开操作票问题的搜索空间比较小,因此搜索策略采用了深度优先搜索法。
另外,本文给出了语言翻译机制,可快速地完成从程序代码到标准的操作票语言的转换。提供模拟演示的环境能够直观生动地展示操作过程,可用于工作人员的上岗自我培训和工作考核。
The decision making for switching operation of transformer substation is a very important work performed by the staffer. The safety of transformer substation is related to that whether switching operations are correct or not. So the switching decision must be correctly written down on a normal list before they are carried on. However, people's actions are easily influenced by the environment and their emotional state etc, in order to avoid wrong operations it is necessary to develop an objective and practical tool for the staffer to make switching decision correctly and work an operating sequences rapidly.
This paper gives an intelligent system of operation. It is designed to promote the accuracy, speediness, security and dependability of transformer substations’tickets operation, and can be applied to different types of transformer substations. The system is developed by Visual C++ 6.0 combined with Database Access, supports manual and automatically forming operation tickets. It has three major subsystems of graph, data storage and intellectual operation tickets forming. The application of Visual C++, which has great advantage on GIO and Man-Machine interaction, makes the system considerably maneuverable. The storage of huge data by Access with ODBC interface and the logically analytical module written by rigid operation regulation realize the dependability of the system.
By means of draw-element, the subsystem of graph can complete once-wiring diagram of transformer substation. The method can reduce the difficulty of drawing and staffer’s workload. And the subsystem is expandable. The subsystem of data is based on the idea of modularized flexible storage. By building database dynamically, the subsystem can keep data flexible. And, the electric equipment has two kinds of parameters which are drawing-parameters and electric-parameters relating by some control-variables. So the data is safety. The subsystem of operation uses intelligent method. This paper developed an operation expert system which based on rules to give consequence in operating tickets. The knowledge database of the expert system is based on the idea of modularized development. There are four subdatabase of once, twice, sequence and judgement. Every subdatabase is divided into small ones by keyword. For the specialty of switching operations, this paper uses converse consequence. Because the searching space used in making tickets is not very large, this paper use DFS to search. And, this paper give a method of language translate. It can translate the code to standard operation language. The simulative system can simulate the process of switching operate. So it can be used to train and examine staffers.
本文设计的智能操作票系统旨在解决变电站根据操作任务开列倒闸操作票的准确性、快速性、安全性和可靠性,并且实现软件对不同电站的通用性。该系统以Visual C++6.0为开发工具,结合了Access数据库,主要分绘图子系统、存储子系统、开票子系统,支持自动开票和手动开票两种方式。开发过程中充分利用了Visual C++在界面开发方面的优势实现人机对话,使该系统具有很强的可操作性,利用ODBC接口访问Access数据库实现大量数据的保存,并且严格按照倒闸操作的规则编写逻辑分析模块,实现该系统的可靠性。
绘图子系统采用了图元绘图方法降低了绘图难度,减少了工作人员的工作量,并且具有可扩展性。存储子系统引入现代化生产中关于物资模块化柔性存储的思想,通过动态建表的方法实现了数据的灵活存储,并且,设备的图形数据与电气属性分开保存,然后通过控制变量进行关联,这样有利于维护图形和设备属性库,也使数据更安全。在开票子系统中,选用人工智能方法,开发了基于规则的操作票专家系统,完成开票过程中的逻辑判断与分析。为专家系统建立了产生式知识库,并且根据模块化设计思想,把知识库按功能分为一次规则库、二次规则库、排序规则库和判定规则库,对于不同的规则库又按关键词的数目进行分层。这种分层分块式知识库结构简单、层次分明,有利于搜索。根据倒闸操作的特点,本文采用了逆向推理的策略,先根据操作任务确定目标,然后判断到达此目标的条件是否成立。由于开操作票问题的搜索空间比较小,因此搜索策略采用了深度优先搜索法。
另外,本文给出了语言翻译机制,可快速地完成从程序代码到标准的操作票语言的转换。提供模拟演示的环境能够直观生动地展示操作过程,可用于工作人员的上岗自我培训和工作考核。
The decision making for switching operation of transformer substation is a very important work performed by the staffer. The safety of transformer substation is related to that whether switching operations are correct or not. So the switching decision must be correctly written down on a normal list before they are carried on. However, people's actions are easily influenced by the environment and their emotional state etc, in order to avoid wrong operations it is necessary to develop an objective and practical tool for the staffer to make switching decision correctly and work an operating sequences rapidly.
This paper gives an intelligent system of operation. It is designed to promote the accuracy, speediness, security and dependability of transformer substations’tickets operation, and can be applied to different types of transformer substations. The system is developed by Visual C++ 6.0 combined with Database Access, supports manual and automatically forming operation tickets. It has three major subsystems of graph, data storage and intellectual operation tickets forming. The application of Visual C++, which has great advantage on GIO and Man-Machine interaction, makes the system considerably maneuverable. The storage of huge data by Access with ODBC interface and the logically analytical module written by rigid operation regulation realize the dependability of the system.
By means of draw-element, the subsystem of graph can complete once-wiring diagram of transformer substation. The method can reduce the difficulty of drawing and staffer’s workload. And the subsystem is expandable. The subsystem of data is based on the idea of modularized flexible storage. By building database dynamically, the subsystem can keep data flexible. And, the electric equipment has two kinds of parameters which are drawing-parameters and electric-parameters relating by some control-variables. So the data is safety. The subsystem of operation uses intelligent method. This paper developed an operation expert system which based on rules to give consequence in operating tickets. The knowledge database of the expert system is based on the idea of modularized development. There are four subdatabase of once, twice, sequence and judgement. Every subdatabase is divided into small ones by keyword. For the specialty of switching operations, this paper uses converse consequence. Because the searching space used in making tickets is not very large, this paper use DFS to search. And, this paper give a method of language translate. It can translate the code to standard operation language. The simulative system can simulate the process of switching operate. So it can be used to train and examine staffers.
引文
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[5] Liu Nian,Teng Fusheng.The new intelligent monitoring method for operating states of large generator units.Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE.2000,1:223～227
[6] Kandil, M.S,El-Debeiky, S.M,Hasanien, N.E.Rule-based system for determining unit locations of a developed generation expansion plan for transmission planning.Generation, Transmission and Distribution, IEE Proceedings,2000,147(1):62～68
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[8] 马宪民.人工智能的原理与方法.西安 西北工业大学出版社 2002
[9] 叶景楼,施圣荣,刘建辉.人工智能·专家系统·程序设计.沈阳:辽宁大学出版社,1992
[10] 尹朝庆,尹皓编.人工智能与专家系统.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[11] 武波,马玉祥.专家系统.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001
[12] 程伟良.广义专家系统.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005
[13] Joseph C. Diarratano,Gary D.Riley.专家系统原理与编程(印鉴译).北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[14] Abe, T.,Goto, H.,Mizutori, T.,Matsuki, N.An expert system for generating switching sequences at substations . Artificial Intelligence for Industrial Applications, 1988. IEEE AI '88., Proceedings of the International Workshop on,1988,5:326～331
[15] Kusiak, A.Expert systems and optimization.Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on,1989,15(8):1017～1020
[16] Ma, T.-K.,Liu, C.-C.,Tsai, M.-S.,Rogers, R.,Muchlinski, S.L. ,Dodge, J. .Operational experience and maintenance of an on-line expert system for customer restoration and fault testing.Power Industry Computer Application Conference, 1991. Conference Proceedings,1991,5:350～357
[17] 陈建春.矢量图形开发与编程.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[18] David J.Kruglinski,Scot Wingo,George Shepherd.Programming Visual C++ 6.0技术内幕(第五版).北京:北京希望电子出版社,2001
[19] 于明,李惠然.Visual C++程序设计教程.北京:海洋出版社,2001
[20] 林青松,胡方霞,刘杰,陈发吉.Visual C++案例开发.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[21] 尹立民,王兴东.Visual C++软件项目开发实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
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