车辆—路面系统耦合振动分析及乘坐舒适度评价
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摘要
针对车辆在路面上行驶的实际情况,将车辆-路面系统简化分解为“车辆振动简化模型”、“轮胎-路面应力接触模型”和“刚性路面结构力学响应模型”3个子系统,建立车辆-路面系统的耦合振动分析模型及其平衡方程,从理论上研究车辆与路面的相互作用和系统的动力响应等问题；将人体纳入到车辆-路面系统中,考虑人体与车辆的耦合作用,通过分析人体振动而对车辆的乘坐舒适度进行评价；并对车辆-路面系统在外部激励如竖向环境振动、侧向风荷载作用下耦合系统的振动进行了探讨；研究成果可为致力于提高车辆乘坐舒适度的车辆设计奠定基础。本文的主要研究内容及成果如下：
1、路面不平顺是引起车路系统耦合振动的重要激励源；首先介绍了路面不平顺的两种常用的模拟方法；然后基于路面不平顺的时域功率谱密度函数,采用三角级数法和Fourier逆变换法模拟了各种等级的路面不平顺样本值。
2、建立车辆-路面系统耦合振动分析模型,并分别推导出三个子系统的运动方程,分别采用模态叠加法和有限单元法对系统耦合方程组进行解耦,编制了采用逐步积分法求解方程组的Matlab程序；通过计算实例对本文模型和程序的准确性进行了验证,并对车辆、路面、路基各参数,车辆运动速度,以及路面不平顺值对车辆-路面系统的耦合振动的影响进行了探讨。
3、介绍了人体动力模型和车辆乘坐舒适度的评价方法；建立人体-车辆-路面系统耦合振动方程,采用数值计算方法对耦合系统的动力反应进行分析,并对车辆乘坐舒适度进行了评价；对车辆、路面、路基各参数,车辆运动速度,以及路面不平顺值对车辆乘坐舒适度的影响进行了探讨。
4、竖向环境振动和侧向风荷载是车辆-路面系统的重要外部激励源,分别建立竖向环境振动和侧向风荷载作用下人体-车辆-路面系统耦合振动方程,采用数值计算方法对耦合系统的动力反应进行分析,并对车辆乘坐舒适度进行评价；对竖向环境振动参数和风荷载参数对系统振动的影响进行了分析。
5、为了精确评价车辆乘坐舒适度,对传统的车路耦合振动模型进行改进和完善,建立起用于车辆乘坐舒适度评价的车路系统耦合振动的三维模型,并将其仿真结果与传统模型进行对比,探讨了改进后模型的准确性和必要性。为了准确分析外部环境激励对车路系统振动的影响,建立了可以考虑车辆侧向滑动的竖向和横向激励共同作用下的车路耦合振动方程,讨论了竖向和横向激励耦合分析的必要性。
According to the actual situation of the vehicle driving on the road, the vehicle-road system is divided into3subsystems, including "the simplified vehicle vibrating model","the stress contaction model of tire and road", and "the dynamic response model of the rigid road structure". The dynamic analysis model and balance equation of the vehicle-road system are established, and the interaction and dynamic response of the system are studied theoretically. The human body is added to the vehicle-road system, and the interaction between the body and the vehicle is consided. The riding comfort of the vehicle is evaluated by analyzing the acceration of the human body. The influences of external incentives on the human-vehicle-road system, such as vertical environment vibration, side wind load and so on, are also discussed. The research results will lay the foundation for the vehicle design for improving the riding comfort.The main research contents below:
1, Road roughness is the most important reason which causes the vibration of vehicle-road coupling system. Two simulation methods of the road roughness are introduced. And then based on the power spectral density of road roughness, the various kinds of road roughness is simulated by the triangle progression method and inverter replacement method.
2, The coupling vibrating analysis model of vehicle-road system is built, and the dynamic balance equations of the there subsystems are deduced. The equations are solved with the modal superposition method and the finite element methods, and its matlab program is prepared using the gradually integral method. With the calculation example, the accuracy of the model and procedure is discussed. And the influences of the parameters of the vehicle, road, road-foundation, and the vehicle movement speed and road roughness value on the system are analyzed.
3, The human dynamic model and the evaluating methods of the riding comfort are introduced. The coupling vibration equations of the body-vehicle-road are established, and the dynamic response and the riding comfort of the coupling system are analyzed; and the influences of the parameters of the vehicle, road, road-foundation, and the vehicle movement speed and road roughness value on the riding comfort are analyzed.
4, Vertical environment vibration and side wind load are two important external forces of the vehicle-road system. The coupling vibration equation of the body-vehicle-road system under the vertical environment vibration and side wind load are established separately and solved with the numerical calculation method. The dynamic response of the system and the riding comfort of the vehicle are also analyzed. The parameters of the vertical environment vibration and side wind load on the vibration of the system are discussed.
5, In order to accurately evaluate the riding comfort of vehicle, the traditional vehicle-road coupling vibration model are improved and the coupling vibration system of3d model for evaluating comfort is set up. The simulation results are compared with the traditional model, and the accuracy and necessity of the improved model are also discussed. In order to accurately analyze the influence of the external incentives on the vehicle-road system, the coupling vibration equation considering lateral sliding of the vehicles is established under the vertical and lateral incentives, and the necessity of coupling the vertical incentives with the horizontal incentives is discussed.
1、路面不平顺是引起车路系统耦合振动的重要激励源；首先介绍了路面不平顺的两种常用的模拟方法；然后基于路面不平顺的时域功率谱密度函数,采用三角级数法和Fourier逆变换法模拟了各种等级的路面不平顺样本值。
2、建立车辆-路面系统耦合振动分析模型,并分别推导出三个子系统的运动方程,分别采用模态叠加法和有限单元法对系统耦合方程组进行解耦,编制了采用逐步积分法求解方程组的Matlab程序；通过计算实例对本文模型和程序的准确性进行了验证,并对车辆、路面、路基各参数,车辆运动速度,以及路面不平顺值对车辆-路面系统的耦合振动的影响进行了探讨。
3、介绍了人体动力模型和车辆乘坐舒适度的评价方法；建立人体-车辆-路面系统耦合振动方程,采用数值计算方法对耦合系统的动力反应进行分析,并对车辆乘坐舒适度进行了评价；对车辆、路面、路基各参数,车辆运动速度,以及路面不平顺值对车辆乘坐舒适度的影响进行了探讨。
4、竖向环境振动和侧向风荷载是车辆-路面系统的重要外部激励源,分别建立竖向环境振动和侧向风荷载作用下人体-车辆-路面系统耦合振动方程,采用数值计算方法对耦合系统的动力反应进行分析,并对车辆乘坐舒适度进行评价；对竖向环境振动参数和风荷载参数对系统振动的影响进行了分析。
5、为了精确评价车辆乘坐舒适度,对传统的车路耦合振动模型进行改进和完善,建立起用于车辆乘坐舒适度评价的车路系统耦合振动的三维模型,并将其仿真结果与传统模型进行对比,探讨了改进后模型的准确性和必要性。为了准确分析外部环境激励对车路系统振动的影响,建立了可以考虑车辆侧向滑动的竖向和横向激励共同作用下的车路耦合振动方程,讨论了竖向和横向激励耦合分析的必要性。
According to the actual situation of the vehicle driving on the road, the vehicle-road system is divided into3subsystems, including "the simplified vehicle vibrating model","the stress contaction model of tire and road", and "the dynamic response model of the rigid road structure". The dynamic analysis model and balance equation of the vehicle-road system are established, and the interaction and dynamic response of the system are studied theoretically. The human body is added to the vehicle-road system, and the interaction between the body and the vehicle is consided. The riding comfort of the vehicle is evaluated by analyzing the acceration of the human body. The influences of external incentives on the human-vehicle-road system, such as vertical environment vibration, side wind load and so on, are also discussed. The research results will lay the foundation for the vehicle design for improving the riding comfort.The main research contents below:
1, Road roughness is the most important reason which causes the vibration of vehicle-road coupling system. Two simulation methods of the road roughness are introduced. And then based on the power spectral density of road roughness, the various kinds of road roughness is simulated by the triangle progression method and inverter replacement method.
2, The coupling vibrating analysis model of vehicle-road system is built, and the dynamic balance equations of the there subsystems are deduced. The equations are solved with the modal superposition method and the finite element methods, and its matlab program is prepared using the gradually integral method. With the calculation example, the accuracy of the model and procedure is discussed. And the influences of the parameters of the vehicle, road, road-foundation, and the vehicle movement speed and road roughness value on the system are analyzed.
3, The human dynamic model and the evaluating methods of the riding comfort are introduced. The coupling vibration equations of the body-vehicle-road are established, and the dynamic response and the riding comfort of the coupling system are analyzed; and the influences of the parameters of the vehicle, road, road-foundation, and the vehicle movement speed and road roughness value on the riding comfort are analyzed.
4, Vertical environment vibration and side wind load are two important external forces of the vehicle-road system. The coupling vibration equation of the body-vehicle-road system under the vertical environment vibration and side wind load are established separately and solved with the numerical calculation method. The dynamic response of the system and the riding comfort of the vehicle are also analyzed. The parameters of the vertical environment vibration and side wind load on the vibration of the system are discussed.
5, In order to accurately evaluate the riding comfort of vehicle, the traditional vehicle-road coupling vibration model are improved and the coupling vibration system of3d model for evaluating comfort is set up. The simulation results are compared with the traditional model, and the accuracy and necessity of the improved model are also discussed. In order to accurately analyze the influence of the external incentives on the vehicle-road system, the coupling vibration equation considering lateral sliding of the vehicles is established under the vertical and lateral incentives, and the necessity of coupling the vertical incentives with the horizontal incentives is discussed.
引文
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