新型磁流变阻尼器及大跨度空间结构半主动控制体系研究
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摘要
磁流变(MR)阻尼器作为一种半主动控制装置,兼具被动控制装置的稳定性和主动控制装置的适应性,被认为是可应用于土木工程结构控制最具前景的耗能减震装置之一,受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文系统研究新型MR阻尼器的结构设计、原理改进、性能测试、力学模型以及基于新型MR阻尼器的大跨度空间结构半主动控制体系,主要研究工作与创新成果如下:
(1)建立了一种剪切阀式MR阻尼器的简化设计方法。以磁路优化原则为基础,将磁路设计与结构设计合为一体,在得到阻尼器最优设计参数的同时简化了阻尼器的设计过程。研究表明,所建立的简化设计方法简便、有效、可靠,可作为剪切阀式MR阻尼器工程设计的一种实用方法。
(2)研制了两种新型MR阻尼器并建立了其阻尼力预估模型。改进传统结构形式,设计制作了阻尼力双向调节和全通道有效两种新型MR阻尼器,通过阻尼通道处磁场分布测试及阻尼器力学性能试验,研究了结构参数及磁场分布对阻尼器力学性能的影响,通过磁路有限元分析并结合试验数据,建立了阻尼器阻尼力预估模型。研究表明,两种新型MR阻尼器均很好地实现了设计意图,阻尼力双向调节MR阻尼器在零电流状态下能实现中等出力,有效保证了其故障安全性能;全通道有效MR阻尼器的最大阻尼力提高一倍以上,阻尼力调节系数提高70%以上;所建立的阻尼力预估模型能较准确地预估阻尼器的实际阻尼力。
(3)建立了新型MR阻尼器的动力滞回模型。基于Logistic函数和Gompertz函数,建立了新型MR阻尼器的两种动力滞回模型,识别了所研制的两种新型MR阻尼器的模型参数。研究表明,所建立的两种动力滞回模型的函数形式简单,且对新型MR阻尼器力学性能的识别精度较高。
(4)建立了基于新型MR阻尼器的大跨度空间结构半主动控制体系。针对一体育馆屋盖结构,建立了应用阻尼力双向调节MR阻尼器的大跨度空间结构半主动控制体系,基于阻尼器的三状态出力特性,提出了改进的半主动中级开关控制算法和半主动三级控制算法以及修正的Clipped-optimal半主动开关控制算法,比较分析了不同半主动控制算法的控制效果。研究表明,所提出的半主动控制算法有效提高了对受控结构的控制效果。
Magnetorheological (MR) damper is a semi-active control device, which takes advantage of both the reliability of passive devices and the adaptability of fully active control devices, so it is considered to be one of the most promising devices for mitigation of serious hazards induced by earthquakes, and the corresponding researches have attracted a lot of scholastic attentions. In this thesis, the design method, improved structure, performance test, mechanical model of MR dampers and semi-active control system of long-span spatial structures based on new MR dampers are studied. The primary research work and achievements in this dissertation are included as follows.
(1) A simplified design method of share-valve mode MR damper is proposed. In this method, the design process of the MR damper is simplified through the combination of the magnetic circuit design and the structural design as one process based on the principles of magnetic circuit optimization. The results show that the proposed simplified design method is simple, efficient and reliable, and it may become one of the most practicable methods for the engineering design of the share-valve mode MR damper.
(2) Tow new MR dampers are designed, produced and tested and a damping force prediction model is proposed. The structure of traditional share-valve mode MR damper is improved and two new MR dampers denoted MR damper with bidirectional adjusting damping force and MR damper with full-length effective damping path respectively are designed and the influence of the structure parameters and the distribution of magnetic field on the mechanic characteristics of the damper is studied by dynamic tests and magnetic field tests in the damping path. A damping force prediction model is proposed based on the results of magnetic finite element simulation and tests. The results show that both dampers are consistent with the design. Medium output powers without current input can be obtained by the proposed MR damper with bidirectional adjusting damping force which can ensure the fail-safe property of the system while the maximum output powers of the proposed MR damper with full-length effective damping path are doubled at least and the dynamic ranges of the output powers are increased by 70% at least compared to MR dampers of traditional structure and same dimension. The proposed model can predict the actual damping force of the MR dampers proposed accurately.
(3) Tow new dynamic models of new MR dampers are proposed based on the Logistic function and the Gompertz function and parametric identifications of the models according to the tests results of the new MR dampers proposed are conducted. The results show that both models can identify the dynamic characteristics of MR dampers precisely without complicated function form.
(4) A semi-active control system of long-span space structures based on new MR dampers is established. The semi-active control system of long-span space structures is established based the new MR damper with bidirectional adjusting damping force according to an actual indoor gymnasium. A medium bang-bang control algorithm, a hierarchical control algorithm and a revised clipped-optimal control algorithm are proposed based on the three states output power properties of MR damper with bidirectional adjusting damping force and control results of different control algorithms are compared. The results show that the control levels are greatly upgraded by the control algorithms proposed.
(1)建立了一种剪切阀式MR阻尼器的简化设计方法。以磁路优化原则为基础,将磁路设计与结构设计合为一体,在得到阻尼器最优设计参数的同时简化了阻尼器的设计过程。研究表明,所建立的简化设计方法简便、有效、可靠,可作为剪切阀式MR阻尼器工程设计的一种实用方法。
(2)研制了两种新型MR阻尼器并建立了其阻尼力预估模型。改进传统结构形式,设计制作了阻尼力双向调节和全通道有效两种新型MR阻尼器,通过阻尼通道处磁场分布测试及阻尼器力学性能试验,研究了结构参数及磁场分布对阻尼器力学性能的影响,通过磁路有限元分析并结合试验数据,建立了阻尼器阻尼力预估模型。研究表明,两种新型MR阻尼器均很好地实现了设计意图,阻尼力双向调节MR阻尼器在零电流状态下能实现中等出力,有效保证了其故障安全性能;全通道有效MR阻尼器的最大阻尼力提高一倍以上,阻尼力调节系数提高70%以上;所建立的阻尼力预估模型能较准确地预估阻尼器的实际阻尼力。
(3)建立了新型MR阻尼器的动力滞回模型。基于Logistic函数和Gompertz函数,建立了新型MR阻尼器的两种动力滞回模型,识别了所研制的两种新型MR阻尼器的模型参数。研究表明,所建立的两种动力滞回模型的函数形式简单,且对新型MR阻尼器力学性能的识别精度较高。
(4)建立了基于新型MR阻尼器的大跨度空间结构半主动控制体系。针对一体育馆屋盖结构,建立了应用阻尼力双向调节MR阻尼器的大跨度空间结构半主动控制体系,基于阻尼器的三状态出力特性,提出了改进的半主动中级开关控制算法和半主动三级控制算法以及修正的Clipped-optimal半主动开关控制算法,比较分析了不同半主动控制算法的控制效果。研究表明,所提出的半主动控制算法有效提高了对受控结构的控制效果。
Magnetorheological (MR) damper is a semi-active control device, which takes advantage of both the reliability of passive devices and the adaptability of fully active control devices, so it is considered to be one of the most promising devices for mitigation of serious hazards induced by earthquakes, and the corresponding researches have attracted a lot of scholastic attentions. In this thesis, the design method, improved structure, performance test, mechanical model of MR dampers and semi-active control system of long-span spatial structures based on new MR dampers are studied. The primary research work and achievements in this dissertation are included as follows.
(1) A simplified design method of share-valve mode MR damper is proposed. In this method, the design process of the MR damper is simplified through the combination of the magnetic circuit design and the structural design as one process based on the principles of magnetic circuit optimization. The results show that the proposed simplified design method is simple, efficient and reliable, and it may become one of the most practicable methods for the engineering design of the share-valve mode MR damper.
(2) Tow new MR dampers are designed, produced and tested and a damping force prediction model is proposed. The structure of traditional share-valve mode MR damper is improved and two new MR dampers denoted MR damper with bidirectional adjusting damping force and MR damper with full-length effective damping path respectively are designed and the influence of the structure parameters and the distribution of magnetic field on the mechanic characteristics of the damper is studied by dynamic tests and magnetic field tests in the damping path. A damping force prediction model is proposed based on the results of magnetic finite element simulation and tests. The results show that both dampers are consistent with the design. Medium output powers without current input can be obtained by the proposed MR damper with bidirectional adjusting damping force which can ensure the fail-safe property of the system while the maximum output powers of the proposed MR damper with full-length effective damping path are doubled at least and the dynamic ranges of the output powers are increased by 70% at least compared to MR dampers of traditional structure and same dimension. The proposed model can predict the actual damping force of the MR dampers proposed accurately.
(3) Tow new dynamic models of new MR dampers are proposed based on the Logistic function and the Gompertz function and parametric identifications of the models according to the tests results of the new MR dampers proposed are conducted. The results show that both models can identify the dynamic characteristics of MR dampers precisely without complicated function form.
(4) A semi-active control system of long-span space structures based on new MR dampers is established. The semi-active control system of long-span space structures is established based the new MR damper with bidirectional adjusting damping force according to an actual indoor gymnasium. A medium bang-bang control algorithm, a hierarchical control algorithm and a revised clipped-optimal control algorithm are proposed based on the three states output power properties of MR damper with bidirectional adjusting damping force and control results of different control algorithms are compared. The results show that the control levels are greatly upgraded by the control algorithms proposed.
引文
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