基于嵌入式Web的实时以太网分布式控制系统
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摘要
本文的主要内容包括：
1．简要介绍了Ethernet，Web技术在控制系统应用的背景情况，比较了DCS、FCS，和基于Ethernet的控制系统的各自特点，提出以太网应用于工业控制是一个很重要的动向，并且提出本文要解决的问题，阐述基本概念铺开以后的内容。
2．对人们普遍关心的以太网性能问题作了介绍。通过比较以太网(Ethernet)与控制网(ControlNet)、设备网(DeviceNet)在不同情况下的性能指标，给出模拟仿真结果，得出各种网络的优缺点。
3．针对传统共享型以太网难以胜任控制中硬实时要求的问题。提出确保以太网在工业控制中实时性的措施，主要包括：交换、全双工通讯模式、虚拟局域网、质量服务(QoS)等技术。
4．根据基于以太网的控制系统开放性特点，讨论了实现系统安全的常用技术，包括确保内部安全和外部安全的技术。
5．在比较了传统分层自动控制系统与基于Ethernet的控制系统的不同后，阐述了整个系统的建立对企业综合自动化的意义。对现存的几种控制系统与信息系统集成的策略做了说明，并提出自己的方案选择，并且详细介绍了系统的结构和特点。
6．对自行研制的系统的重要接入设备嵌入式控制器的软硬件设计做了详细介绍。主要包括：控制器硬件总体结构、核心芯片的选取及芯片介绍、接口电路设计、嵌入式控制器软件设计中嵌入式Web Server、Java Applet的应用等，并给出了实时控制结果。
7．最后对本文内容做了简要的总结，并提出一些本文未能讨论的关键技术。
This thesis is organized as follows:
1) The application of integrating Ethernet and Web technologies into control systems is briefly described. The characteristics of DCSs FCSs Ethernet-based Control systems are compared in details. It is pointed out that the application of Ethernet to industrial control is an important trend. All the problems which the thesis will solve and the basic concepts are listed in order to help readers to understand.
2) The performance of Ethernet applied to automatic control is the focus discussed by engineers and researchers. Through simulations,the comparison of the performances and characteristics of Ethernet ControlNet and DeviceNet are given.
3) The traditional Ethernet based on shared communication channels is not suitable for hard real-time control systems. So several technologies are adopted to solve the problem. These technologies includes switching,full-duplex communication mode,VLAN and QoS,which are used to make the Ethernet real-time.
4) Because of the openness attribute,the system security is challenged. To increase the system security,technologies such as data encryption,digital signature,authentication technology,access control etc. are discussed.
5) After comparing Ethernet-based control systems with traditional control systems,it is obvious that the system we designed is of significance to the research of computer integrating plant automation (CIPA). Several methods of integrating control networks with information networks are discussed. The system we designed is described in detail.
6) It is shown that the embedded controller we designed is a very important device,which is linked to the Ethernet-based control system. In this chapter we give details of the controller design. The structure of the embedded controller the selection of the core chip the design of interface circuit and the realization of Embedded Web Server etc. are given in details.
7) Finally several problems,which are also important to the application of Ethernet to industrial automation,are given in order to remind the readers who are interested in the technologies of Ethernet and Internet applied to industrial automation.
1．简要介绍了Ethernet，Web技术在控制系统应用的背景情况，比较了DCS、FCS，和基于Ethernet的控制系统的各自特点，提出以太网应用于工业控制是一个很重要的动向，并且提出本文要解决的问题，阐述基本概念铺开以后的内容。
2．对人们普遍关心的以太网性能问题作了介绍。通过比较以太网(Ethernet)与控制网(ControlNet)、设备网(DeviceNet)在不同情况下的性能指标，给出模拟仿真结果，得出各种网络的优缺点。
3．针对传统共享型以太网难以胜任控制中硬实时要求的问题。提出确保以太网在工业控制中实时性的措施，主要包括：交换、全双工通讯模式、虚拟局域网、质量服务(QoS)等技术。
4．根据基于以太网的控制系统开放性特点，讨论了实现系统安全的常用技术，包括确保内部安全和外部安全的技术。
5．在比较了传统分层自动控制系统与基于Ethernet的控制系统的不同后，阐述了整个系统的建立对企业综合自动化的意义。对现存的几种控制系统与信息系统集成的策略做了说明，并提出自己的方案选择，并且详细介绍了系统的结构和特点。
6．对自行研制的系统的重要接入设备嵌入式控制器的软硬件设计做了详细介绍。主要包括：控制器硬件总体结构、核心芯片的选取及芯片介绍、接口电路设计、嵌入式控制器软件设计中嵌入式Web Server、Java Applet的应用等，并给出了实时控制结果。
7．最后对本文内容做了简要的总结，并提出一些本文未能讨论的关键技术。
This thesis is organized as follows:
1) The application of integrating Ethernet and Web technologies into control systems is briefly described. The characteristics of DCSs FCSs Ethernet-based Control systems are compared in details. It is pointed out that the application of Ethernet to industrial control is an important trend. All the problems which the thesis will solve and the basic concepts are listed in order to help readers to understand.
2) The performance of Ethernet applied to automatic control is the focus discussed by engineers and researchers. Through simulations,the comparison of the performances and characteristics of Ethernet ControlNet and DeviceNet are given.
3) The traditional Ethernet based on shared communication channels is not suitable for hard real-time control systems. So several technologies are adopted to solve the problem. These technologies includes switching,full-duplex communication mode,VLAN and QoS,which are used to make the Ethernet real-time.
4) Because of the openness attribute,the system security is challenged. To increase the system security,technologies such as data encryption,digital signature,authentication technology,access control etc. are discussed.
5) After comparing Ethernet-based control systems with traditional control systems,it is obvious that the system we designed is of significance to the research of computer integrating plant automation (CIPA). Several methods of integrating control networks with information networks are discussed. The system we designed is described in detail.
6) It is shown that the embedded controller we designed is a very important device,which is linked to the Ethernet-based control system. In this chapter we give details of the controller design. The structure of the embedded controller the selection of the core chip the design of interface circuit and the realization of Embedded Web Server etc. are given in details.
7) Finally several problems,which are also important to the application of Ethernet to industrial automation,are given in order to remind the readers who are interested in the technologies of Ethernet and Internet applied to industrial automation.
引文
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