基于嵌入式技术的智能家居监控系统的研究与设计
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摘要
安全防范问题仍然是现代人们普遍关心的问题。传统模拟家居监控产品已不能满足社会的需要,将逐渐被数字化的产品取代。随着嵌入式技术、多媒体技术、网络技术的快速发展,网络化、智能化成为家居监控系统发展的必然趋势。
本文针对这一发展趋势,设计了一种基于嵌入式技术的智能家居监控系统,可以应用在现代智能住宅小区中。本系统分成两大部分:智能控制主机系统和报警中心监控系统,智能控制主机系统处于每个家庭中,报警中心监控系统处于整个小区的报警中心值班室中。
本系统可实现的功能:每户家庭中的智能控制主机系统实时检测家庭中的环境数据,如温度、煤气浓度等。若有环境数据超出预警值,则发送报警信息和环境数据到报警中心监控系统,同时传输监控摄像头采集的现场图像。报警中心监控系统分别显示接收到的环境数据和图像,值班人员可以根据监控界面了解现场情况以采取相应行动。
在智能控制主机系统中,本文设计并组建了一种基于ZigBee协议的无线传感器网络来检测家庭中的环境数据。在分析了ZigBee协议的基础上,编写了ZigBee模块的Linux驱动程序,设计了传感器网络的主节点和从节点的功能,设计了一种专用的应用层数据格式来进行内部通信;在分析了视频处理流程的基础上,设计并实现了一种遵守Video4Linux规范的基于分段映射技术的采集图像方案和一种基于多线程技术的图像采集、压缩和传输的系统功能;在分析了利用RTP/RTCP协议传输流媒体过程的基础上,设计并实现了一种基于分片机制的MPEG-4数据流的封装方案,并通过该协议发送封装数据;在分析了环境数据特点的基础上,设计并实现了一种封装整体环境数据方案,封装的环境数据采用UDP协议传输。
在报警中心监控系统中,本文设计并实现了基于多线程技术的压缩图像接收、解压和显示的功能,实现了对接收到的环境数据按照打包规则进行解包、然后显示的功能。
Security Protection is still a matter that people care nowadays.The traditional analog home monitor can not meet the need of society,and will be replaced by digital one gradually.With the rapid development of embedded technology ,multimedia technology and network technology, more networked and intelligent becomes the inevitable development trend of home monitor.
This dissertation designs a smart home monitor system based on embedded technology aiming at this development trend, which can be applied to intelligent district.This system mainly includes two parts: intelligent controller system and alarm center monitor system, the former is in every house; the latter is in the duty room of the alarm center in the district.
The functions of this system provides as follows:the intelligent controller system of every house detects environment datum of his own,temperature,gas concentration, etc.Once some exceed the alarm limit, the intelligent controller system will send the alarm information and the environment datum to the alarm center monitor system,transport the field video collected by monitor camera to the alarm center monitor system simultaneously. The environment datum and video received by alarm center monitor system will be showed visualy respectively.According to these,the watchman can take action immediately.
In the intelligent controller system, this dissertation designs and constructs a wireless sensor network based on ZigBee protocol to detect the house environment datum. On the basis of analysing ZigBee protocol,writing the Linux device driver of ZigBee module,designing the functions of the master node and slave node in sensor network and a specific data format on application layer for communication between the internal nodes is accomplished; On the basis of analysing video processing flow, designing and implementing a video collection scheme in keeping with Video4Linux based on segmented mapping technology, a working flow of video collecting,MPEG-4 encoding and transporting based on multithreading technology is accomplished;On the basis of analysing streaming media transporting with RTP/RTCP protocol, designing and implementing a scheme of encapsulating MPEG-4 stream based on fragmented mechanism for transporting video with RTP/RTCP protocol is accomplished;On the basis of analysing the features of environment datum,designing and implementing a scheme of encapsulating the whole environment datum transported using UDP protocol is accomplished.
In the alarm center monitor system,this dissertation designs and implements the function of encoded video receiving, decoding and showing based on multithreading technology, and implements showing environment datum parsed from the encapsulation.
本文针对这一发展趋势,设计了一种基于嵌入式技术的智能家居监控系统,可以应用在现代智能住宅小区中。本系统分成两大部分:智能控制主机系统和报警中心监控系统,智能控制主机系统处于每个家庭中,报警中心监控系统处于整个小区的报警中心值班室中。
本系统可实现的功能:每户家庭中的智能控制主机系统实时检测家庭中的环境数据,如温度、煤气浓度等。若有环境数据超出预警值,则发送报警信息和环境数据到报警中心监控系统,同时传输监控摄像头采集的现场图像。报警中心监控系统分别显示接收到的环境数据和图像,值班人员可以根据监控界面了解现场情况以采取相应行动。
在智能控制主机系统中,本文设计并组建了一种基于ZigBee协议的无线传感器网络来检测家庭中的环境数据。在分析了ZigBee协议的基础上,编写了ZigBee模块的Linux驱动程序,设计了传感器网络的主节点和从节点的功能,设计了一种专用的应用层数据格式来进行内部通信;在分析了视频处理流程的基础上,设计并实现了一种遵守Video4Linux规范的基于分段映射技术的采集图像方案和一种基于多线程技术的图像采集、压缩和传输的系统功能;在分析了利用RTP/RTCP协议传输流媒体过程的基础上,设计并实现了一种基于分片机制的MPEG-4数据流的封装方案,并通过该协议发送封装数据;在分析了环境数据特点的基础上,设计并实现了一种封装整体环境数据方案,封装的环境数据采用UDP协议传输。
在报警中心监控系统中,本文设计并实现了基于多线程技术的压缩图像接收、解压和显示的功能,实现了对接收到的环境数据按照打包规则进行解包、然后显示的功能。
Security Protection is still a matter that people care nowadays.The traditional analog home monitor can not meet the need of society,and will be replaced by digital one gradually.With the rapid development of embedded technology ,multimedia technology and network technology, more networked and intelligent becomes the inevitable development trend of home monitor.
This dissertation designs a smart home monitor system based on embedded technology aiming at this development trend, which can be applied to intelligent district.This system mainly includes two parts: intelligent controller system and alarm center monitor system, the former is in every house; the latter is in the duty room of the alarm center in the district.
The functions of this system provides as follows:the intelligent controller system of every house detects environment datum of his own,temperature,gas concentration, etc.Once some exceed the alarm limit, the intelligent controller system will send the alarm information and the environment datum to the alarm center monitor system,transport the field video collected by monitor camera to the alarm center monitor system simultaneously. The environment datum and video received by alarm center monitor system will be showed visualy respectively.According to these,the watchman can take action immediately.
In the intelligent controller system, this dissertation designs and constructs a wireless sensor network based on ZigBee protocol to detect the house environment datum. On the basis of analysing ZigBee protocol,writing the Linux device driver of ZigBee module,designing the functions of the master node and slave node in sensor network and a specific data format on application layer for communication between the internal nodes is accomplished; On the basis of analysing video processing flow, designing and implementing a video collection scheme in keeping with Video4Linux based on segmented mapping technology, a working flow of video collecting,MPEG-4 encoding and transporting based on multithreading technology is accomplished;On the basis of analysing streaming media transporting with RTP/RTCP protocol, designing and implementing a scheme of encapsulating MPEG-4 stream based on fragmented mechanism for transporting video with RTP/RTCP protocol is accomplished;On the basis of analysing the features of environment datum,designing and implementing a scheme of encapsulating the whole environment datum transported using UDP protocol is accomplished.
In the alarm center monitor system,this dissertation designs and implements the function of encoded video receiving, decoding and showing based on multithreading technology, and implements showing environment datum parsed from the encapsulation.
引文
[1]高小平.中国智能家居的现状及发展趋势[J].低压电器.2005(4):18-21
[2]刘慧明,王汝琳.视频监控系统的发展理念与实践[J].智能建筑.2004(3):20-23
[3]韩奎国.基于嵌入式的远程家居监控系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学自动化学院,2006
[4]王凯明.智能家居系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,2005
[5]陈龙.居住小区智能化系统与技术[M].北京:中国建筑土业出版社,2002:12-16
[6]马鸿雁,李惠舁.智能住宅小区[M].北京:机械土业出版社,2003:10-12
[7]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:1-30
[8]沈文斌.嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:15-20
[9]S3C2410A 32-Bit RISC MicroPorcessor User's Manual(Revision 1.2).Samsung,Inc.http://www.samsungsmei.com,2004
[10]HY57V561620 Product Datasheet(Revision 1.8).Hynix Semiconductor,Inc.http://www.hynix.com,2001
[11]吴明晖,徐睿,黄健,徐辰.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:244-255
[12]K9F1208UOM Product Datasheet(Revision 0.9).Samsung,Inc.http://www.samsungsmei.com,2002
[13]Max3232 Product Datasheet.Texas Instruments Inc.http://focus.ti.com.cn,2001
[14]高文国.基于ARM的嵌入式视频监控终端的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].沈阳:中国科学院沈阳计算技术研究所,2006
[15]CS8900 Product Datasheet.Cirrus Logic,Inc.http://www.cirrus.com,1999
[16]CC2430 Data Sheet(rev.2.1)SWRS036F.Texas Instruments.http://focus.ti.com.cn,2007
[17]Chipcon AS SmartRF CC2420 Preliminary Datasheet(rev 1.2).Chipcon AS.http://www.chipcon.com.2004
[18]DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer.http://www.dalsemi.com,2000
[19]阙大顺,杜玮,岳鹏.vivi在S3C2410上的移植研究[J].武汉理工大学学报信息与管理工程版.2007,29(12):47-50
[20]张杰,吴敏,曹卫华,施卫强.基于S3C2410的Linux移植[J].微型电脑应用.2005,21(3):57-59
[21]查启鹏,姚国良,张萌.嵌入式Linux下大容量Nand FLASH的YAFFS2文件系统构建[J].现代电子技术.2007(18):55-58
[22]Park,Wan-Ki Choi,Chang-Sic Han,Jinsoo Han,Intark.Design and Implementation of ZigBee based URC Applicable to Legacy Home Appliances.Consumer Electronics,2007.ISCE 2007.IEEE International Symposium on.June,2007
[23]Ⅱ-Kyu Hwang,Jin-Wook Baekigbe.Wireless Access Monitoring and Control System based on Digital Door Lock.Consumer Electronics,IEEE Transactions on.Nov,2007
[24]刘晓宁.ZigBee无线传感网络在监控系统中的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学计算机学院,2007
[25]叶史进.基于ARM&Linux的ZigBee无线通信系统的实现:[硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学机械工程学院,2007
[26]Alan Cox.Video4Linux Programming.Boston of USA,2000
[27]张建.基于S3C2410A和嵌入式Internet的家庭视频监控系统设计:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学自动化学院,2007
[28]邢玉东.基于S3C2410A的嵌入式远程监控系统:[硕士学位论文].长春:吉林大学计算机学院,2007
[29]刘海曙.基于嵌入式Linux平台的视频采集系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学计算机学院,2007
[30]ISO/IEC International Standard 14496(MPEG-4).Information technology-Coding of audio-visual objects.January 2000
[31]叶勇杰.基于MEPG-4的嵌入式视频压缩及传输研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学电气工程学院,2007
[32]Iain E.G.Richardson.H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression Video Coding for Next-generation Multimedia.The Robert Gordon University,Aberdeen,UK,2003
[33]张旭东,卢国栋,冯健.图像压缩基础和小波压缩技术[M].北京:清华大学出社,2004:80-120
[34]庄明渊,杨军,高谷刚,戴麟.基于ARM7TDMI的MPEG4视频解压的实现和优化[J].电子工程师,2004,30(12):5-7
[35]李太君,吴泽晖.流媒体传输协议及其应用开发[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,40(3):138-142
[36]徐波涛.基于ARM的流媒体传输方法的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学计算机学院,2007
[37]Schulzrinne,H.,Casner,S.,Frederick,R.and V.Jacobson.RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real Time Applications.RFC 1889.January 1996
[38]D.Hoffman,G.Fernando,V.Goyal,M.Civanlar.RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2Video.RFC 2250.January 1998
[39]Kikuchi,Y.,Nomura,T.,Fukunaga,S.,Matsui,Y.and H.Kimata.RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams.RFC 3016.November 2000
[40]Schulzfinne,H.,Casner,S.,Frederick,R.and V.Jacobson.RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications.RFC 3550,July 2003
[41]J.van der Meer.RTP Payload Format for Transport of MPEG-4 Elementary Streams.RFC 3640.Novermber 2003
[42]葛镜.基于RTP协议的视频流媒体实时传输:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学电子科学与技术学院,2007
[43]邵丹,韩家伟.YUV与RGB之间的转化[J].长春大学学报.2004.14(4):51-53
[44]吴桂祥.应用于网络视频监控系统的嵌入式视频采集与GUI设计:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学信息科学与工程学院,2007
[2]刘慧明,王汝琳.视频监控系统的发展理念与实践[J].智能建筑.2004(3):20-23
[3]韩奎国.基于嵌入式的远程家居监控系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学自动化学院,2006
[4]王凯明.智能家居系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,2005
[5]陈龙.居住小区智能化系统与技术[M].北京:中国建筑土业出版社,2002:12-16
[6]马鸿雁,李惠舁.智能住宅小区[M].北京:机械土业出版社,2003:10-12
[7]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:1-30
[8]沈文斌.嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:15-20
[9]S3C2410A 32-Bit RISC MicroPorcessor User's Manual(Revision 1.2).Samsung,Inc.http://www.samsungsmei.com,2004
[10]HY57V561620 Product Datasheet(Revision 1.8).Hynix Semiconductor,Inc.http://www.hynix.com,2001
[11]吴明晖,徐睿,黄健,徐辰.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:244-255
[12]K9F1208UOM Product Datasheet(Revision 0.9).Samsung,Inc.http://www.samsungsmei.com,2002
[13]Max3232 Product Datasheet.Texas Instruments Inc.http://focus.ti.com.cn,2001
[14]高文国.基于ARM的嵌入式视频监控终端的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].沈阳:中国科学院沈阳计算技术研究所,2006
[15]CS8900 Product Datasheet.Cirrus Logic,Inc.http://www.cirrus.com,1999
[16]CC2430 Data Sheet(rev.2.1)SWRS036F.Texas Instruments.http://focus.ti.com.cn,2007
[17]Chipcon AS SmartRF CC2420 Preliminary Datasheet(rev 1.2).Chipcon AS.http://www.chipcon.com.2004
[18]DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer.http://www.dalsemi.com,2000
[19]阙大顺,杜玮,岳鹏.vivi在S3C2410上的移植研究[J].武汉理工大学学报信息与管理工程版.2007,29(12):47-50
[20]张杰,吴敏,曹卫华,施卫强.基于S3C2410的Linux移植[J].微型电脑应用.2005,21(3):57-59
[21]查启鹏,姚国良,张萌.嵌入式Linux下大容量Nand FLASH的YAFFS2文件系统构建[J].现代电子技术.2007(18):55-58
[22]Park,Wan-Ki Choi,Chang-Sic Han,Jinsoo Han,Intark.Design and Implementation of ZigBee based URC Applicable to Legacy Home Appliances.Consumer Electronics,2007.ISCE 2007.IEEE International Symposium on.June,2007
[23]Ⅱ-Kyu Hwang,Jin-Wook Baekigbe.Wireless Access Monitoring and Control System based on Digital Door Lock.Consumer Electronics,IEEE Transactions on.Nov,2007
[24]刘晓宁.ZigBee无线传感网络在监控系统中的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学计算机学院,2007
[25]叶史进.基于ARM&Linux的ZigBee无线通信系统的实现:[硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学机械工程学院,2007
[26]Alan Cox.Video4Linux Programming.Boston of USA,2000
[27]张建.基于S3C2410A和嵌入式Internet的家庭视频监控系统设计:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学自动化学院,2007
[28]邢玉东.基于S3C2410A的嵌入式远程监控系统:[硕士学位论文].长春:吉林大学计算机学院,2007
[29]刘海曙.基于嵌入式Linux平台的视频采集系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学计算机学院,2007
[30]ISO/IEC International Standard 14496(MPEG-4).Information technology-Coding of audio-visual objects.January 2000
[31]叶勇杰.基于MEPG-4的嵌入式视频压缩及传输研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学电气工程学院,2007
[32]Iain E.G.Richardson.H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression Video Coding for Next-generation Multimedia.The Robert Gordon University,Aberdeen,UK,2003
[33]张旭东,卢国栋,冯健.图像压缩基础和小波压缩技术[M].北京:清华大学出社,2004:80-120
[34]庄明渊,杨军,高谷刚,戴麟.基于ARM7TDMI的MPEG4视频解压的实现和优化[J].电子工程师,2004,30(12):5-7
[35]李太君,吴泽晖.流媒体传输协议及其应用开发[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,40(3):138-142
[36]徐波涛.基于ARM的流媒体传输方法的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学计算机学院,2007
[37]Schulzrinne,H.,Casner,S.,Frederick,R.and V.Jacobson.RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real Time Applications.RFC 1889.January 1996
[38]D.Hoffman,G.Fernando,V.Goyal,M.Civanlar.RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2Video.RFC 2250.January 1998
[39]Kikuchi,Y.,Nomura,T.,Fukunaga,S.,Matsui,Y.and H.Kimata.RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams.RFC 3016.November 2000
[40]Schulzfinne,H.,Casner,S.,Frederick,R.and V.Jacobson.RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications.RFC 3550,July 2003
[41]J.van der Meer.RTP Payload Format for Transport of MPEG-4 Elementary Streams.RFC 3640.Novermber 2003
[42]葛镜.基于RTP协议的视频流媒体实时传输:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学电子科学与技术学院,2007
[43]邵丹,韩家伟.YUV与RGB之间的转化[J].长春大学学报.2004.14(4):51-53
[44]吴桂祥.应用于网络视频监控系统的嵌入式视频采集与GUI设计:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学信息科学与工程学院,2007