岷山地区自然保护区空间优化布局研究
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摘要
鉴于岷山地区对全国乃至全世界生物多样性保护的重要意义,本研究以珍稀濒危物种为主要研究对象,从自然保护区空间选址与自然保护区群构建两个层面探讨了该地区自然保护区空间布局的优化方法。
1.岷山地区自然保护区空间选址。本研究以物种出现点数据和包括生物、地形和人类活动干扰因子在内的环境变量为主要数据源,在物种分布模型MAXENT的支持下,模拟39种珍稀濒危物种的空间分布,在此基础上,通过ZONATION模拟,鉴别出岷山地区珍稀濒危物种保护优先区,并提出了自然保护区空间选址的优化方案。研究结果表明：(1)在物种出现点记录少于25个的情况下,MAXENT模型依然能够比较准确地预测出物种的分布状况；(2)与基于大熊猫保护的空间选址方案相比,基于多物种保护的方案提高了28个物种的保护比例,尤其是IUCN“近危”及以上等级的重要保护物种的保护比例；(3)岷山地区现有的28个自然保护区只保护了目标优先区的46.58%,九寨沟中部与南部,平武北部,平武与北川的交界处,北川西北部等地都存在保护空缺。建议在保护空缺的6个地方新建或扩建自然保护区,并在规划时考虑这些区域内部的优先次序。
2.岷山北部自然保护区群构建。运用机理模型评价大熊猫栖息地的状况,并运用最小费用距离分析大熊猫栖息地的连通性。在此基础上构建了自然保护区群的优化方案。研究结果表明：(1)岷山北部大熊猫栖息地面积为5,285km2,主要分布在迭部、舟曲、九寨沟与若尔盖四县的交界区域；(2)尽管岷山北部已建的5个自然保护区边界相连形成了一个自然保护区群,但是其核心区却被分隔成7块,并且只保护了48.4%的大熊猫栖息地和5个居群中的3个居群,因此建议：(1)在九寨沟县的北部和若尔盖县的东部新建一个自然保护区,保护1,704km2的大熊猫适宜栖息地和2个大熊猫居群；(2)建议将核心区扩大并整合成两个,将源与源之间连通性高的区域划在核心区内；(3)在213国道和301省道之间的主要连接道路处建立3个连接区连通两个核心区,促进大熊猫居群之间的交流。
In view of critical concern for the Minshan Region to Chinese and even global biodiversity conservation, the present study explored how to optimize the the spatial pattern of nature reserves in this region from the prospectives of reserve selection and nature reserve group formation using rare and endangered species as study objects.
1. About the reserve selection in the Minshan Region. A species distribution model, Maxent, modeled the spatial distribution of 39 rare and endangered species living in the Minshan region using the presence-only data and the environmental variables including biotic factors, terrain factors and human disturbance factors. After that, the priority areas of study species were identified, and the optimization solution of reserve selection in the Minshan region was further raised. The results are as follows:(1) Maxent could predict the distributions of study species excellently with occurrence records below 25; (2) compared with the panda-based reserve selection solution, the multispecies-based reserve slection solution increased the representation of 28 species, especially the important species listed as "near threatened" or above; (3) only 46.58% of priority areas had been protected by the existing nature reserves, and protection gaps existed in the middle and south of Jiuzhaigou County, the north of Pingwu County, the border of the southwest of Pingwu County and the Northeast of Beichuan County. Therefore, it was proposed to build new nature reserves or expand the existing nature reserves in 6 protection gap areas, and to take the priority rank within the areas into account in future planning.
2. About the formation of nature reserve groups in the North Minshan. Based on habitat evaluation and connectivity analysis, the approach and method for optimizing nature reserve groups were analyzed using the case study of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reserves in the North Minshan. Results indicated that:(1) the suitable giant panda habitat covered 5,285 km2, mainly distributed around the border among four counties including Diebu, Zhouqu, Ruoergai and Jiuzhaigou; (2) althought five existing panda nature reserves were connected to each other so as to form a reserve group, their core zones were divided into seven isolated areas; furthermore, they covered only 48.4% of panda habitat and three of five population components. Therefore, it was proposed:(1) to build one new reserve in the north of Jiuzhaigou County and the east of Ruoergai County to cover panda habitat of 1,704 km2 and another two unprotected population components; (2) to expand and merge core zones into two areas, and to include the areas with high connectivity between different panda population sources in the core zones; (3) to construct three linkage areas across the road crossing between S301 and G213 to connect two merged core zones for facilitating panda exchange and movement among different populations.
1.岷山地区自然保护区空间选址。本研究以物种出现点数据和包括生物、地形和人类活动干扰因子在内的环境变量为主要数据源,在物种分布模型MAXENT的支持下,模拟39种珍稀濒危物种的空间分布,在此基础上,通过ZONATION模拟,鉴别出岷山地区珍稀濒危物种保护优先区,并提出了自然保护区空间选址的优化方案。研究结果表明：(1)在物种出现点记录少于25个的情况下,MAXENT模型依然能够比较准确地预测出物种的分布状况；(2)与基于大熊猫保护的空间选址方案相比,基于多物种保护的方案提高了28个物种的保护比例,尤其是IUCN“近危”及以上等级的重要保护物种的保护比例；(3)岷山地区现有的28个自然保护区只保护了目标优先区的46.58%,九寨沟中部与南部,平武北部,平武与北川的交界处,北川西北部等地都存在保护空缺。建议在保护空缺的6个地方新建或扩建自然保护区,并在规划时考虑这些区域内部的优先次序。
2.岷山北部自然保护区群构建。运用机理模型评价大熊猫栖息地的状况,并运用最小费用距离分析大熊猫栖息地的连通性。在此基础上构建了自然保护区群的优化方案。研究结果表明：(1)岷山北部大熊猫栖息地面积为5,285km2,主要分布在迭部、舟曲、九寨沟与若尔盖四县的交界区域；(2)尽管岷山北部已建的5个自然保护区边界相连形成了一个自然保护区群,但是其核心区却被分隔成7块,并且只保护了48.4%的大熊猫栖息地和5个居群中的3个居群,因此建议：(1)在九寨沟县的北部和若尔盖县的东部新建一个自然保护区,保护1,704km2的大熊猫适宜栖息地和2个大熊猫居群；(2)建议将核心区扩大并整合成两个,将源与源之间连通性高的区域划在核心区内；(3)在213国道和301省道之间的主要连接道路处建立3个连接区连通两个核心区,促进大熊猫居群之间的交流。
In view of critical concern for the Minshan Region to Chinese and even global biodiversity conservation, the present study explored how to optimize the the spatial pattern of nature reserves in this region from the prospectives of reserve selection and nature reserve group formation using rare and endangered species as study objects.
1. About the reserve selection in the Minshan Region. A species distribution model, Maxent, modeled the spatial distribution of 39 rare and endangered species living in the Minshan region using the presence-only data and the environmental variables including biotic factors, terrain factors and human disturbance factors. After that, the priority areas of study species were identified, and the optimization solution of reserve selection in the Minshan region was further raised. The results are as follows:(1) Maxent could predict the distributions of study species excellently with occurrence records below 25; (2) compared with the panda-based reserve selection solution, the multispecies-based reserve slection solution increased the representation of 28 species, especially the important species listed as "near threatened" or above; (3) only 46.58% of priority areas had been protected by the existing nature reserves, and protection gaps existed in the middle and south of Jiuzhaigou County, the north of Pingwu County, the border of the southwest of Pingwu County and the Northeast of Beichuan County. Therefore, it was proposed to build new nature reserves or expand the existing nature reserves in 6 protection gap areas, and to take the priority rank within the areas into account in future planning.
2. About the formation of nature reserve groups in the North Minshan. Based on habitat evaluation and connectivity analysis, the approach and method for optimizing nature reserve groups were analyzed using the case study of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reserves in the North Minshan. Results indicated that:(1) the suitable giant panda habitat covered 5,285 km2, mainly distributed around the border among four counties including Diebu, Zhouqu, Ruoergai and Jiuzhaigou; (2) althought five existing panda nature reserves were connected to each other so as to form a reserve group, their core zones were divided into seven isolated areas; furthermore, they covered only 48.4% of panda habitat and three of five population components. Therefore, it was proposed:(1) to build one new reserve in the north of Jiuzhaigou County and the east of Ruoergai County to cover panda habitat of 1,704 km2 and another two unprotected population components; (2) to expand and merge core zones into two areas, and to include the areas with high connectivity between different panda population sources in the core zones; (3) to construct three linkage areas across the road crossing between S301 and G213 to connect two merged core zones for facilitating panda exchange and movement among different populations.
引文
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