IPv6的实现技术与基础应用研究
摘要
随着互联网的飞速发展,作为Internet基础的TCP/IP协议正在发生一场前所未有的变革。
本文通过对两种互联网核心通信协议IPv4和IPv6的比较,揭示了IPv4将被IPv6所取代的历史必然性。主要分析了两方面的内容;随着互联网的超常规发展,传统网际互联协议IPv4所暴露出来的种种缺陷,如IP地址短缺、路由选择效率不高、缺乏服务质量等等;下一代网际互联协议IPv6针对IPv4协议不足所做的改进及其新增加的特性,如庞大的地址空间、改进的路由结构、完善的服务质量保证等等。
IPv6是一个建立可靠的、可管理的、安全和高效的IP网络的长期解决方案。了解和研究它的原理及其亟待解决的技术问题,对于制订网络的长期发展计划,规划网络应用的未来发展方向,都是十分有益的。为此,本文对IPv6的部分核心标准和技术,包括IPv6规范、IPv6寻址、邻居发现协议、用于IPv6路由器之间交换信息的路由协议以及解决IPv4和IPv6共存与互通问题的过渡技术进行了深入研读和分析。
本文首先分析了IPv6协议,包括IPv6新特性、IPv6报文结构以及与IPv4的对比、IPv6地址体系结构、IPv6路由协议等重要技术。然后探讨了IPv6的过渡技术,重点研究了IPv6网络之间的互通技术,即各种隧道技术。并在其基础上分析比较了IPv4和IPv6两种协议的异同点,深入研究从IPv4向IPv6过渡的问题。重点分析了目前几种比较成熟的技术;双协议栈技术、隧道技术和网络地址——协议转换技术。
在前面理论研究与分析的基础上,本文进行了一系列基于IPv6平台和双栈平台上的组网实验及编程实践,分析了IPv6的一些关键信息服务的技术与应用;WWW服务器、FTP服务器和DNS域名服务器在Linux双协议栈平台上的配置及测试。IPv6实验网的成功搭建不但为进一步开展IPv6研发打下坚实的基础,而且为今后从IPv4向IPv6协议平滑过渡积累了丰富经验。
With the fast development of network technology,TCP/IP protocol,as the base of the Internet,is undertaking an unprecedented transformation..
This article has demonstrated IPv4 will be substituted by IPv6 inevitability by comparing these two kinds of communication protocols.It mainly analyzesed two aspects;with rapid development of internet,traditional communication protocol,IPv4, has exposesed all sorts of flaws,like the shortage of IP address,the low efficiency of route,the deficient service,etc.The improvements and new characteristics of new communication protocol IPv6,according to the flaws of IPv4,like the enormous address space,improved route structure,perfect service gurantee,etc.
IPv6 is a long-term solution of setting up a reliable,controllable,safe and effective IP network.It's extremely beneficial to understand and study its principle and unsolved technical problems for establishing long-term plan and future direction for network. This article has thoroughly studied and the analysed part of the IPv6's core criterion and technique,including IPv6 criterion,IPv6 addressing,Neighbor Discovering Protocol, Routing Protocol used in exchanging information among IPv6 routers as well as the transitional technique to solve the coexistenceof IPv4 and the IPv6.
At first,this article analyzesed IPv6 protocol,including IPv6 new characteristics, IPv6 package structure as well as comparison with IPv4,IPv6 address system structure, IPv6 route protocol and other important technique.Then the artical discussesed IPv6 transitional technique,especially between the connectivity technique among IPv6 network,namely all kinds of tunnel technique.And based on these,the article compared similarities and differences between IPv4 and IPv6,and further studied the transition from IPv4 to IPv6.It put emphasis on analyzing several mature techniques nowadays; dual stack,tunnel and NAT technique.
On the base of former theoretical research and analysis,the article undertook a series of network experiment and programming practice based on the IPv6,analyzed the IPv6 some essential information service technology and the application;the configuration and test of WWW server,FTP server and DNS domain name server on Linux dual stack platform.The successful build of IPv6 network a not only establish solid base for further IPv6 studies,but also accumulate abundant experance for smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6.
本文通过对两种互联网核心通信协议IPv4和IPv6的比较,揭示了IPv4将被IPv6所取代的历史必然性。主要分析了两方面的内容;随着互联网的超常规发展,传统网际互联协议IPv4所暴露出来的种种缺陷,如IP地址短缺、路由选择效率不高、缺乏服务质量等等;下一代网际互联协议IPv6针对IPv4协议不足所做的改进及其新增加的特性,如庞大的地址空间、改进的路由结构、完善的服务质量保证等等。
IPv6是一个建立可靠的、可管理的、安全和高效的IP网络的长期解决方案。了解和研究它的原理及其亟待解决的技术问题,对于制订网络的长期发展计划,规划网络应用的未来发展方向,都是十分有益的。为此,本文对IPv6的部分核心标准和技术,包括IPv6规范、IPv6寻址、邻居发现协议、用于IPv6路由器之间交换信息的路由协议以及解决IPv4和IPv6共存与互通问题的过渡技术进行了深入研读和分析。
本文首先分析了IPv6协议,包括IPv6新特性、IPv6报文结构以及与IPv4的对比、IPv6地址体系结构、IPv6路由协议等重要技术。然后探讨了IPv6的过渡技术,重点研究了IPv6网络之间的互通技术,即各种隧道技术。并在其基础上分析比较了IPv4和IPv6两种协议的异同点,深入研究从IPv4向IPv6过渡的问题。重点分析了目前几种比较成熟的技术;双协议栈技术、隧道技术和网络地址——协议转换技术。
在前面理论研究与分析的基础上,本文进行了一系列基于IPv6平台和双栈平台上的组网实验及编程实践,分析了IPv6的一些关键信息服务的技术与应用;WWW服务器、FTP服务器和DNS域名服务器在Linux双协议栈平台上的配置及测试。IPv6实验网的成功搭建不但为进一步开展IPv6研发打下坚实的基础,而且为今后从IPv4向IPv6协议平滑过渡积累了丰富经验。
With the fast development of network technology,TCP/IP protocol,as the base of the Internet,is undertaking an unprecedented transformation..
This article has demonstrated IPv4 will be substituted by IPv6 inevitability by comparing these two kinds of communication protocols.It mainly analyzesed two aspects;with rapid development of internet,traditional communication protocol,IPv4, has exposesed all sorts of flaws,like the shortage of IP address,the low efficiency of route,the deficient service,etc.The improvements and new characteristics of new communication protocol IPv6,according to the flaws of IPv4,like the enormous address space,improved route structure,perfect service gurantee,etc.
IPv6 is a long-term solution of setting up a reliable,controllable,safe and effective IP network.It's extremely beneficial to understand and study its principle and unsolved technical problems for establishing long-term plan and future direction for network. This article has thoroughly studied and the analysed part of the IPv6's core criterion and technique,including IPv6 criterion,IPv6 addressing,Neighbor Discovering Protocol, Routing Protocol used in exchanging information among IPv6 routers as well as the transitional technique to solve the coexistenceof IPv4 and the IPv6.
At first,this article analyzesed IPv6 protocol,including IPv6 new characteristics, IPv6 package structure as well as comparison with IPv4,IPv6 address system structure, IPv6 route protocol and other important technique.Then the artical discussesed IPv6 transitional technique,especially between the connectivity technique among IPv6 network,namely all kinds of tunnel technique.And based on these,the article compared similarities and differences between IPv4 and IPv6,and further studied the transition from IPv4 to IPv6.It put emphasis on analyzing several mature techniques nowadays; dual stack,tunnel and NAT technique.
On the base of former theoretical research and analysis,the article undertook a series of network experiment and programming practice based on the IPv6,analyzed the IPv6 some essential information service technology and the application;the configuration and test of WWW server,FTP server and DNS domain name server on Linux dual stack platform.The successful build of IPv6 network a not only establish solid base for further IPv6 studies,but also accumulate abundant experance for smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6.
引文
[1]T.Narten.Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Auto configuration in IPv6.IETF RFC 3041.January 2000
[2]Ralph Droms.DNS Configuration options for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6(DHCPv6),RFC3646[S],2003.12;
[3]Hinden R.Deering S.IP Version6 Addressing Architecture.RFC2373,,July 1998.
[4]宋健等.IPv6网络应用;IPsec策略的网络性能分析与研究.微计算机信息,PP.101-103,2004年01期
[5]杨绍文等.IPv4向IPv6网络过渡策略.科技进步与对策,2003年16期
[6]马严,赵晓宇.IPv4向IPv6过渡技术综述.北京邮电大学学报.2002/04;1-4
[7]马戈芳等.IPv6组播技术.综述电信技术,pp.14-18,2003/07
[8]袁彬等.IPv6试验网的组建和测试分析.计算机应用研究,pp.23-24,2003/08
[9]陈妍等.基于多种操作系统构建IPv6试验网的研究与实现.计算机工程,pp.185-187,2003年20期
[10]张万光.基于Windows系统组建IPv6/IPv4实验网络.南开大学学报(自然科学版),pp.91-92,2003年04期
[11](美)Joseph Davies著.理解IPv6[M]张晓彤,晏国晨,曾庆峰译.北京;清华大学出版社,pp.14-15,2004.03
[12]BrianE.Carpenter,Cyndi Jung.Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels,RFC2529[S],1999.03
[13]Randy Bush.Delegation of IP6.ARPA,FC3152[S],2001.08
[14]Richard Draves.Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6),RFC3484[S],2003.02
[15]Randy Bush,Alain Durand,Bob Fink,Olafur Gudmundsson,Tony Hain.Representing Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6)Addresses in the Domain Name System(DNS),RFC3363[S],2002.08
[16]王竹林等.《校园网组建与管理》.清华大学出版社,pp.1-25,2002年1月
[17]贾佳,崔化等.《实用组网指南》.机械工业出版社,pp.4-56,2002年1月
[18]T Bates.YRekhter RChandra DKatz." Multiprotocol Extensions forBGP-4" RFC2858 June,2000.
[19]柯晓华.高校校园网过渡到IPv6的策略及问题.现代计算,pp.75-78,2004,10
[20]张尧弼,庄晓彤.IPv6的邻机发现协议[J].计算机工程,pp.11-15,2000,2
[21]赖隽文,禺亚南,杨寿保等.下一代IP-IPv6试验网的建设研究.计算机应用研究,pp.35-37,2000,15(06)
[22]Gilligan R,No rdmark E.Transition mechanisms for IPv6 hosts and routers,IETF RFC 2893,August 2000
[23]张云勇.刘韵洁.张智江.基于IPv6的下一代互联网.第一版.电子工业出版社,PP.14-24,2004
[24]江嵩,杨金生等.一种基于ICMP报文的IPv6隧道机制[J].小微型计算机系统,PP.130-131.2000,2
[25]陈元生,陶宏才,林震.网络地址转换技术及其在校园网中的应用[J].现代计算机(专业版),pp.47-50,2004,181
[26]周逊.《IPv6—下一代互联网的核心》.电子工业出版社,PP.1-22,2003年8月
[27]Susan Thomson,Christian Huitema.DNS Extensions to support IP version 6,RFC1886[S],1995.12
[28]陈世清,杨子华.IPv4到IPv6的过渡策略及其测试.湖南工程学院学报pp.50-53,2004,14(1)
[29]刘震.基于工Pv6的下一代校园网设计研究[D].硕士论文.沈阳.东北大学,PP.14-19,2005 07
[30]A.Conta.Intemet Control Message Protocol(ICMPv6)for the Intemet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)Specification.IETF RFC 2463.December 1998
[2]Ralph Droms.DNS Configuration options for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6(DHCPv6),RFC3646[S],2003.12;
[3]Hinden R.Deering S.IP Version6 Addressing Architecture.RFC2373,,July 1998.
[4]宋健等.IPv6网络应用;IPsec策略的网络性能分析与研究.微计算机信息,PP.101-103,2004年01期
[5]杨绍文等.IPv4向IPv6网络过渡策略.科技进步与对策,2003年16期
[6]马严,赵晓宇.IPv4向IPv6过渡技术综述.北京邮电大学学报.2002/04;1-4
[7]马戈芳等.IPv6组播技术.综述电信技术,pp.14-18,2003/07
[8]袁彬等.IPv6试验网的组建和测试分析.计算机应用研究,pp.23-24,2003/08
[9]陈妍等.基于多种操作系统构建IPv6试验网的研究与实现.计算机工程,pp.185-187,2003年20期
[10]张万光.基于Windows系统组建IPv6/IPv4实验网络.南开大学学报(自然科学版),pp.91-92,2003年04期
[11](美)Joseph Davies著.理解IPv6[M]张晓彤,晏国晨,曾庆峰译.北京;清华大学出版社,pp.14-15,2004.03
[12]BrianE.Carpenter,Cyndi Jung.Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels,RFC2529[S],1999.03
[13]Randy Bush.Delegation of IP6.ARPA,FC3152[S],2001.08
[14]Richard Draves.Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6),RFC3484[S],2003.02
[15]Randy Bush,Alain Durand,Bob Fink,Olafur Gudmundsson,Tony Hain.Representing Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6)Addresses in the Domain Name System(DNS),RFC3363[S],2002.08
[16]王竹林等.《校园网组建与管理》.清华大学出版社,pp.1-25,2002年1月
[17]贾佳,崔化等.《实用组网指南》.机械工业出版社,pp.4-56,2002年1月
[18]T Bates.YRekhter RChandra DKatz." Multiprotocol Extensions forBGP-4" RFC2858 June,2000.
[19]柯晓华.高校校园网过渡到IPv6的策略及问题.现代计算,pp.75-78,2004,10
[20]张尧弼,庄晓彤.IPv6的邻机发现协议[J].计算机工程,pp.11-15,2000,2
[21]赖隽文,禺亚南,杨寿保等.下一代IP-IPv6试验网的建设研究.计算机应用研究,pp.35-37,2000,15(06)
[22]Gilligan R,No rdmark E.Transition mechanisms for IPv6 hosts and routers,IETF RFC 2893,August 2000
[23]张云勇.刘韵洁.张智江.基于IPv6的下一代互联网.第一版.电子工业出版社,PP.14-24,2004
[24]江嵩,杨金生等.一种基于ICMP报文的IPv6隧道机制[J].小微型计算机系统,PP.130-131.2000,2
[25]陈元生,陶宏才,林震.网络地址转换技术及其在校园网中的应用[J].现代计算机(专业版),pp.47-50,2004,181
[26]周逊.《IPv6—下一代互联网的核心》.电子工业出版社,PP.1-22,2003年8月
[27]Susan Thomson,Christian Huitema.DNS Extensions to support IP version 6,RFC1886[S],1995.12
[28]陈世清,杨子华.IPv4到IPv6的过渡策略及其测试.湖南工程学院学报pp.50-53,2004,14(1)
[29]刘震.基于工Pv6的下一代校园网设计研究[D].硕士论文.沈阳.东北大学,PP.14-19,2005 07
[30]A.Conta.Intemet Control Message Protocol(ICMPv6)for the Intemet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)Specification.IETF RFC 2463.December 1998