公路大件货物运输阶段的安全问题研究
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摘要
随着大型工程的不断出现,大件货物的运单数量也越来越多。我国的大件货物运输不论是车辆装备、技术水平还是行业管理经验等都有待于进一步的提高。目前,在大件货物运输过程中,企业多以长期积累的经验为指导,这对公路大件货物运输的安全及公路大件货物运输的发展都十分的不利。即便如此,我国学者与相关企业这些年对公路大件货物运输的研究成果却很显著,这为本论文的研究提供了一定的技术基础。
本论文首先介绍了公路大件货物运输方案,随后分析了大件货物运输可能会出现的安全问题,并对这些安全问题的产生原因及其影响因素进行论述,对重要的安全因素进行计算分析,以期弄清影响因素的影响机理。在事故安全分析的基础上,本文提出了运输方案的预先危险分析模式,公路大件货物运输的特点决定了运输准备过程比运输过程更重要,在运输准备阶段,需要对各种可能安全事故进行仔细分析,因此,预先危险分析方法具有极大的优势。论文第六章则对大件货物运输的加固方案进行了可靠度安全分析,并举例论述分析过程。
With the continual emergence of large-scale projects, the numbers of large-cargo transportation are also increasing. In China, the large vehicles, equipments, technology and managing experience are needed to be further improved. Currently, enterprises depend the experience to transport the large-cargoes, which is very unfavorable for the safety and development of large-cargo transportation. Even so, it is very significant on the large-cargo transportation researches launched by Chinese scholars and related companies all these years, it provides a technical basis for my research paper.
This paper firstly introduces the program process of the large-cargo transportation. Then, the possible security problems of large-cargo transportation have been described, the main safe factors of accidents are discussed, too. In order to understand the mechanism of importation factors, they are analyzed by calculation. Based on the analysis of accidents. This article uses the Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) to analyze the program process of large-cargo transportation. The characteristics of road large-cargo transportation determines the transport preparation stage is more important than transportation, it is necessary to have a careful analysis of security accidents in the preparation stage, therefore, the PHA has great advantages. In Chapter VI, the major safety standards of security issues have been discussed to analyze the safety of transportation program. In Chapter VI, reliability of large-cargo reinforcement program is discussed, and an example is made to expound the analysis process.
本论文首先介绍了公路大件货物运输方案,随后分析了大件货物运输可能会出现的安全问题,并对这些安全问题的产生原因及其影响因素进行论述,对重要的安全因素进行计算分析,以期弄清影响因素的影响机理。在事故安全分析的基础上,本文提出了运输方案的预先危险分析模式,公路大件货物运输的特点决定了运输准备过程比运输过程更重要,在运输准备阶段,需要对各种可能安全事故进行仔细分析,因此,预先危险分析方法具有极大的优势。论文第六章则对大件货物运输的加固方案进行了可靠度安全分析,并举例论述分析过程。
With the continual emergence of large-scale projects, the numbers of large-cargo transportation are also increasing. In China, the large vehicles, equipments, technology and managing experience are needed to be further improved. Currently, enterprises depend the experience to transport the large-cargoes, which is very unfavorable for the safety and development of large-cargo transportation. Even so, it is very significant on the large-cargo transportation researches launched by Chinese scholars and related companies all these years, it provides a technical basis for my research paper.
This paper firstly introduces the program process of the large-cargo transportation. Then, the possible security problems of large-cargo transportation have been described, the main safe factors of accidents are discussed, too. In order to understand the mechanism of importation factors, they are analyzed by calculation. Based on the analysis of accidents. This article uses the Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) to analyze the program process of large-cargo transportation. The characteristics of road large-cargo transportation determines the transport preparation stage is more important than transportation, it is necessary to have a careful analysis of security accidents in the preparation stage, therefore, the PHA has great advantages. In Chapter VI, the major safety standards of security issues have been discussed to analyze the safety of transportation program. In Chapter VI, reliability of large-cargo reinforcement program is discussed, and an example is made to expound the analysis process.
引文
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[8]郭君.核反应堆压力容器的大件运输方案设计[D].大连海事大学.2003.3
[9]吴强.大件货物加氢反应器运输方案设计与实施[D].大连海事大学.2006，9
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[17]刘次华.概率论与数理统计[M].2009，2
[18]高雪梅.工程结构可靠度分析的一次二阶矩法探讨[J].2009.7
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[22]路亚妮.大件公路运输研究综述[J].孝感学院学报.2008.5
[23]蔡果.汽车横向稳定性与交通安全分析[J].内蒙古公路与运输.2001
[24]薛金莲.孔庆忠，汪勇等.液压挂车装载运输强度、变形、预拱的校核及优化[J].一重技术.2001
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[32]杨春兰.挂车装载后车架受力的计算机辅助分析[J].上海工程技术大学学报.2005.3
[33]陆文娟.提高超重型低平台挂车装载质量的方法[J].济南交通高等专科学校学报.2001.12
[34]吴丽丽.重大件公路运输若干问题的研究[D].东北林业大学.2007,6
[35]郑志明.重庆市超重运输管理研究[D].重庆大学.2002，11
[36]李子强,杜利娥.重大件货物水上安全运输措施探讨[J].武汉船舶职业技术学院学报.2009
[37]王振清.公路超限运输概论[M].1997，7
[38]Li Kao, Zhao jingyi, Wang zhiyong. Design of new hydraulic suspension system for special heavy vehicles. Proceedings of ISFP 2007:5th international symposium on fluid power transmission and control june 6-8,2007, Beidaihe, China
[39]Gui Zheng, yuejun Han. Analysis of suspension mechanism for special heavy vehicles. Construction machinery and equipment,2002
[40]R.L. Huston. C.E. Passerello, M.M. Harlow. Dynamic of multirigid-body system. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol.45.1978
[41]肖崇乾,李靖.郑昌，曹诗雄.三峡左岸电站大型永久机电设备运输方案简介[J].中国三峡建设.2000
[42]T.R. Kane, D.A. Levinson. Multibody Dynamics. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol.50,1983
[43]W.Schiechlen. Modeling and Analysis of Nonlinear Multibody System. Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol.15,1986
[44]J Darlington. Road Safety Education. Highways and Transportation,1990
[45]Hsing-chia Kuo. Li jenwu. Prediction of Heat-affected Zone using Grey Theory [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2002
[46]刘志强.蔡策，童小田.我国道路交通安全现状分析[J].公路交通科技.2001
[47]Department of Transportation. Traffic Safety Report, USA:Mar/Apr,1994
[48]T.R. Kane, D.A. Levinson. Multibody Dynamics[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol.50,1983
[49]Paul Godowskv. Road Safety in Canada. The International Association of Traffic and Safety Science Research,2001
[50]Junpeng Shao. Lihua Chen. Yajuan Ji. Zhibin Sun. The Application of Fuzzy Control Strategy. Proceedings of ISCIT 2005
[51]魏凯.平底大件货物纵向稳定性及加固问题的分析探讨[J].铁路货运.1997，3
[2]王心磊.大件运输车辆外观通过性仿真研究[D].吉林大学.2007.6
[3]申世杰.大件产品公路运输安全管理系统研究及应用[D].重庆大学.2007，11
[4]周爱莲,李旭宏，胡列格.公路大件运输计算机决策系统的研制与开发[J].公路交通科技.2004.2
[5]杨春兰.黄东胜.张雨等.公路大件计算机决策系统建模与软件开发[J].武汉理工大学.2003.2
[6]许少白.大件设备公路运输中有关问题的探讨[J].福建电力与电工,2001，12
[7]焦岗耀.公路大件运输系统解决方案的制定与优化[J].汽车应用.2006.6
[8]郭君.核反应堆压力容器的大件运输方案设计[D].大连海事大学.2003.3
[9]吴强.大件货物加氢反应器运输方案设计与实施[D].大连海事大学.2006，9
[10]D.H. Unruh. Determination of Wheel Loader static and Dynamic Stability. SAE pap 710526 for Meeting Apr4-7.1971,7
[11]Mize JH, Bhuskute HC.et. Modeling of Integrated Manufacturning System Using an Object-Oriented Approach[J]. IIE Transaction.1992
[12]F. Lamiraux, C. VanGeem. D. Boutonnet. G. Raust. Trailer-truck trajectory optimization for Airbus A380 component transportation. IEEE(R&A) Magazine, San Francisco.2002
[13]中华人民共和国交通部.超限运输车辆行驶公路管理规定[S].2000年第2号
[14]杨雪英，张书或.大件运输—盛开在运输领域中的奇葩[J].物流货运.2006，8：62-63
[15]王宏伟.道路条件对公路交通安全的影响研究[D].西南交通大学.2010.5
[16]刘彦元.作用于铁路货物纵向惯性力的探讨[J].1989，12
[17]刘次华.概率论与数理统计[M].2009，2
[18]高雪梅.工程结构可靠度分析的一次二阶矩法探讨[J].2009.7
[19]尹启泰.铁路货运组织[M].1993.12
[20]杨立平.常用金属材料手册[M].2006.6
[21]蔡丽颖,张雅丽.浅谈汽车装载与行车安全[J].实心技术.2007
[22]路亚妮.大件公路运输研究综述[J].孝感学院学报.2008.5
[23]蔡果.汽车横向稳定性与交通安全分析[J].内蒙古公路与运输.2001
[24]薛金莲.孔庆忠，汪勇等.液压挂车装载运输强度、变形、预拱的校核及优化[J].一重技术.2001
[25]Mou Ruifang. The mode of safety assessment on large cargo during transportation[J]. ICTE.2009
[26]路中.牟玉杰.李淑华.圆柱形大件货物的装载加固[J].一重技术.1999，1
[27]马美红.沈莉杰.锦海捷亚：勇做大件运输先锋[J].运输经理世界
[28]张全安.大件运输桥梁加固方法[J].青海电力.1995
[29]Jiyin Liu, Chung-Lun Li, Chun-van Chan. Mixed truck delivery systems with both hub-and-spoke and direet shipment. Transportation Research Part E39
[30]D. W. Smith. J. V. Perumprar. J. B. Lilycdhe. Kinematics of Tractor Side Ways Overturning. Transaction of the ASAE.1974
[31]罗灯明.司鹏昆，梅彦利.组合式全挂车液压系统设计[J].承德石油高等专科学校学报.2000
[32]杨春兰.挂车装载后车架受力的计算机辅助分析[J].上海工程技术大学学报.2005.3
[33]陆文娟.提高超重型低平台挂车装载质量的方法[J].济南交通高等专科学校学报.2001.12
[34]吴丽丽.重大件公路运输若干问题的研究[D].东北林业大学.2007,6
[35]郑志明.重庆市超重运输管理研究[D].重庆大学.2002，11
[36]李子强,杜利娥.重大件货物水上安全运输措施探讨[J].武汉船舶职业技术学院学报.2009
[37]王振清.公路超限运输概论[M].1997，7
[38]Li Kao, Zhao jingyi, Wang zhiyong. Design of new hydraulic suspension system for special heavy vehicles. Proceedings of ISFP 2007:5th international symposium on fluid power transmission and control june 6-8,2007, Beidaihe, China
[39]Gui Zheng, yuejun Han. Analysis of suspension mechanism for special heavy vehicles. Construction machinery and equipment,2002
[40]R.L. Huston. C.E. Passerello, M.M. Harlow. Dynamic of multirigid-body system. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol.45.1978
[41]肖崇乾,李靖.郑昌，曹诗雄.三峡左岸电站大型永久机电设备运输方案简介[J].中国三峡建设.2000
[42]T.R. Kane, D.A. Levinson. Multibody Dynamics. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol.50,1983
[43]W.Schiechlen. Modeling and Analysis of Nonlinear Multibody System. Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol.15,1986
[44]J Darlington. Road Safety Education. Highways and Transportation,1990
[45]Hsing-chia Kuo. Li jenwu. Prediction of Heat-affected Zone using Grey Theory [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2002
[46]刘志强.蔡策，童小田.我国道路交通安全现状分析[J].公路交通科技.2001
[47]Department of Transportation. Traffic Safety Report, USA:Mar/Apr,1994
[48]T.R. Kane, D.A. Levinson. Multibody Dynamics[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol.50,1983
[49]Paul Godowskv. Road Safety in Canada. The International Association of Traffic and Safety Science Research,2001
[50]Junpeng Shao. Lihua Chen. Yajuan Ji. Zhibin Sun. The Application of Fuzzy Control Strategy. Proceedings of ISCIT 2005
[51]魏凯.平底大件货物纵向稳定性及加固问题的分析探讨[J].铁路货运.1997，3