基于WSN的大型机械设备金属结构监测系统的研究
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摘要
大型机械设备在国家工程建设中,发挥着越来越重要的作用,用途也越来越广。由于生产中的机械设备对安全生产和经济建设有直接影响,安全问题需要我们越来越重视。在检测机械设备安全,提高设备效率方面需继续采用更方便更有效的方法。典型的比如各种起重机械设备,受起重质量,恶劣的现场环境,和工作时间的问题,对其寿命和工作性能都有明显影响。虽然国家制定了与机械设备相关的各种标准,评估设备的机械性能也提供了一定的规范,国家安全总局为此印发了相关文件,但由机械设备引起的伤亡事故却屡见发生。研究有效的机械设备金属结构检测,消除事故发生的隐患,对于日常维护和保养有直接的指导意义。
本课题主要是解决机械设备应力设备数据的采集接收传输以及上位机数据监控的应力监测系统。该系统利用zigbee网络,进行节点自动组网,实现数据传输。并完成高精度动载应力数据的采集和传输,监测数据的实时显示。可大大提高系统测量的精确性有效性。对评估预测大型机械设备的金属结构效率及安全寿命有极大的意义。不仅可以提高监测的效率,也有良好的经济性和实用性。本文结合实际使用的对象及监测的项目应用,主要介绍如下：
首先介绍了无线传感器网络的发展和趋势,将相关传感器与无线网络的进行了国内外研究的介绍。并将ZIGBEE的无线数据传输方法,与多种无线传输方法进行了对比。在实际基础上对ZIGBEE的传输协议进行了了解,为实现数据传输打下理论基础。
其次在硬件电路设计上选择应力检测的电测量方法,将测量的原理用到实际当中去,并分析相应的数量关系。对PS09与CC2530芯片之间ⅡC通讯,和路由节点,协调节点的相关程序进行了说明。
最后在系统的软硬件设计的基础之上,对该设计进行了实际的应用。
With more and more widely use of Large-scale machinery and equipment, it's playing an increasingly important role in the national construction projects. As the production of machinery and equipment has a direct impact on the safe production and economic construction, the security issues of Large-scale machinery and equipment we need more attention. Need to use more convenient and effective methods detect the safety of machinery and equipment to improve equipment efficiency. A typical example is lifting equipment, by lifting quality, poor site conditions, working hours, have a significant effect on the life and work performance. Although the country has developed a variety of standards related to machinery and equipment, to assess the mechanical properties of the device also provides the specification, the National Security Administration has issued the relevant files, but the casualties caused by mechanical equipment often found to occur. Effective machinery and equipment metal structure detection methods, eliminating accident risks, direct guiding significance for the daily maintenance and upkeep.
A Large-scale machinery and equipment crane structure remote monitoring system based on ZIGBEE technology were designed and developed in this paper. The system uses the zigbee network, automatic network nodes, data transmission. And complete high-precision dynamic load stress data acquisition and transmission, and monitoring real-time display of data.Improve the validity of the measurement system accuracy has an important effect in assessting and predicting the metal structure of the large-scale machinery and equipment efficiency and safety of life.Can not only improve the efficiency of monitoring, there are good economic and practicality. In this thesis, the actual use of objects and monitoring of project applications described below:
First describes the developments and trends of the wireless sensor network, the introduction of domestic and foreign research related sensors and wireless network. And the wireless data transfer methods based on the ZIGBEE, were compared between varieties of wireless transmission. ZIGBEE transport protocol in the actual on the basis of understanding, to lay a theoretical foundation for the realization of data transmission method.
Select power measurement method of stress testing followed by hardware circuit design, measurement principle used in the actual so can analysis the number of relationships. IIC communication used between the PS09and the CC2530chip, and routing node, the coordinator node procedures are described.
Finally, on the basis of the system hardware and software design, designed the practical applications.
本课题主要是解决机械设备应力设备数据的采集接收传输以及上位机数据监控的应力监测系统。该系统利用zigbee网络,进行节点自动组网,实现数据传输。并完成高精度动载应力数据的采集和传输,监测数据的实时显示。可大大提高系统测量的精确性有效性。对评估预测大型机械设备的金属结构效率及安全寿命有极大的意义。不仅可以提高监测的效率,也有良好的经济性和实用性。本文结合实际使用的对象及监测的项目应用,主要介绍如下：
首先介绍了无线传感器网络的发展和趋势,将相关传感器与无线网络的进行了国内外研究的介绍。并将ZIGBEE的无线数据传输方法,与多种无线传输方法进行了对比。在实际基础上对ZIGBEE的传输协议进行了了解,为实现数据传输打下理论基础。
其次在硬件电路设计上选择应力检测的电测量方法,将测量的原理用到实际当中去,并分析相应的数量关系。对PS09与CC2530芯片之间ⅡC通讯,和路由节点,协调节点的相关程序进行了说明。
最后在系统的软硬件设计的基础之上,对该设计进行了实际的应用。
With more and more widely use of Large-scale machinery and equipment, it's playing an increasingly important role in the national construction projects. As the production of machinery and equipment has a direct impact on the safe production and economic construction, the security issues of Large-scale machinery and equipment we need more attention. Need to use more convenient and effective methods detect the safety of machinery and equipment to improve equipment efficiency. A typical example is lifting equipment, by lifting quality, poor site conditions, working hours, have a significant effect on the life and work performance. Although the country has developed a variety of standards related to machinery and equipment, to assess the mechanical properties of the device also provides the specification, the National Security Administration has issued the relevant files, but the casualties caused by mechanical equipment often found to occur. Effective machinery and equipment metal structure detection methods, eliminating accident risks, direct guiding significance for the daily maintenance and upkeep.
A Large-scale machinery and equipment crane structure remote monitoring system based on ZIGBEE technology were designed and developed in this paper. The system uses the zigbee network, automatic network nodes, data transmission. And complete high-precision dynamic load stress data acquisition and transmission, and monitoring real-time display of data.Improve the validity of the measurement system accuracy has an important effect in assessting and predicting the metal structure of the large-scale machinery and equipment efficiency and safety of life.Can not only improve the efficiency of monitoring, there are good economic and practicality. In this thesis, the actual use of objects and monitoring of project applications described below:
First describes the developments and trends of the wireless sensor network, the introduction of domestic and foreign research related sensors and wireless network. And the wireless data transfer methods based on the ZIGBEE, were compared between varieties of wireless transmission. ZIGBEE transport protocol in the actual on the basis of understanding, to lay a theoretical foundation for the realization of data transmission method.
Select power measurement method of stress testing followed by hardware circuit design, measurement principle used in the actual so can analysis the number of relationships. IIC communication used between the PS09and the CC2530chip, and routing node, the coordinator node procedures are described.
Finally, on the basis of the system hardware and software design, designed the practical applications.
引文
[1]赵晓明.异当电动机工作状态的监测与故障诊断出处[J].煤矿机械,2004,(01)：30-32.
[2]万当.基于WEB的起重机械结构监测系统研究[D].武汉理工大学.2011
[3]许全文.无线传感器网络中节能路由算法的研究及应用[D].重庆理工大学.2010
[4]常松.机械设备结构应力在线监测无线数据传输研究[D].武汉理工大学.2009
[5]范林涛.基于Zigbee﹑ GPRS的农田数据获取系统设计与实现[D].中国科学技术大学.2008
[6]白冰.光纤光栅传感器原理与应用研究[D].气象水文海洋仪器,2005.1(1)：22～23
[7]陈茂庆.应用脆性涂层法测试离心泵体应力[J].流体机械,1994.22(2)：41-2
[8]赵欣,刘磊,王乘.基于莫尔云纹法的三维物体面形测量的实现[J].计算机应用,2003.23(4)：201-202
[9]付正军,方萃长.全息干涉法中刚体位移的影响[J].北方工业大学学报,1994.11(3)：42～43
[10]符晶华,南秋明,符蓉等.光测法与电测法应用于大型土木工程健康监测的对比试验研究[J].工程质量,2006.11(1)：47～48
[11]郑凯.基于ZigBee无线传感器技术的心电监护网络的研究[D].吉林大学2008.
[12]林少峰,何一.基于CC2420的Zigbee无线网络节点设计[J].电子设计工程,2009.17(3).66～67
[13]刘志平,唐娅玲,董永波,万当..基于CDMA和无线传感器网络技术的结构状态远程遥测系统[J].起重机运输机械.2010(10)：60-61]
[14]刘小贞,潘存治,邢海军.起重机应力状态监测无线检测系统的设计与实现[J].煤矿机械.2007.28(7)：178-179
[15]尚盈.用于应变监测的无线传感器网络的研究[D].南京航空航天大学.2008.
[16]吴金鹏,港口机械及其结构应力监测方法探析[J].中国新技术新产品,2010,(04)：146.
[17]苏志雄.无线传感器网络节点芯片的设计和实现[D].厦门大学.2007.
[18]唐鸿儒,刘大年,杨鹏.基于Intemet的远程监控系统开发技术研究[J].测控技术,2003,(4)：48-51.
[19]张愉,周家海,顾毅.基于Intemet的港口起重机远程监控系统研究[J].水运科学研究,2005,(01)：33-36
[20]凡志刚.无线传感器网络覆盖与节点部署问题研究[D].电子科技大学.2005
[21]张凌峰,武文权.无线传感器网络的传感器接口研究[J].微型电脑应用,2009.25(1).15-18
[22]张晋斌.基于GPRS的无线监控与数据采集系统技术的研究[D].太原理工大学.2006
[23]戚本志等.塔吊远程安全监控系统的研究与设计[J].价值工程,2010.3：242～245
[24]徐超.面向大型工程健康监测的无线传感器网络基本理论和关键技术研究[C].2007.3-10
[25]闫静杰,刘晓文,朱晓颖等.基于无线传感器网络的井下水文监测监控系统设计[C].2008.27(15)73-75
[26]Tian D, Georganas N D. A node scheduling scheme for energy conservation in large wireless sensor networks.Wirless Communications and Mobile Computing,2003,3(2):271-290
[27]Zhang H,Hou J C.Maintaining Sensing Coverage and Connectivity in Large Sensor Nerworks.UIUC Computer Science Techincal Report 2004,2351-2360
[28]Xiang-Yang Li,Peng-Jun Wan,Ophir Frieder.Coverage in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Nerworks IEEE TRANSACTION ON COMPUTERS,JUNE 2003,52(6)
[29]S Meguerdichian,F Koushanfar,M Potkonjak,M Srivastava Coverage Probelems in Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Network,Proc.IEEE INFOCOMol,2001,1380-1387
[30]Megerian S,Koushanfar F,Potkonjak M,et al.Worst and best-case coverage in sensor networks.IEEE Trans Mob Comput,2005,4(1):84-92
[31]Meguerdichian S,Koushanfar F,Potkonjak M,et al.Coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks.IEEE Infocom,2001,3:1380-1387
[32]Meguerdichian S,Koushanfar F,Qu G,et al.Exposure in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks.in:Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobiel Computing and Networking(MobiCom).New York:ACM Press,2001,139-150
[33]Li X Y,Wan p J,Frieder O.Coverage in wireless ad hoc sensor networks.IEEE Trans Commput,2003,52(6):753-756
[34]Marengoni M,Draper B A,Hanson A,et al.Syustem to place observers on a polyhedral terrain in polynomial time.Image Vis Comput,1996,18:773-780
[35]Ren Y,Zhang S D,Zhang H K.Three-dimensional optimal coverage routing protocol in wireless sensor networks.Chin J Electron,2006,34(2):306-311
[36]Alzoubi K,Li X Y,Wang Y,et al.Geometinc spanners for wireless ad hoc networks.IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst,2003,14(4):408-421
[37]Wang B,Chua K C,Srimivasaan V,et al.Sensor density for complete information coverage in weireless sensor network.EWSN,2006:69-82
[38]朱晓红.起重吊车稳定性安全监控系统的设计[J].铁路计算机应用,2010.19(2)：26～29
[39]裴玮.起重机械安全健康监测与损伤预警方法研究[J].机械工程与自动化,2010.6：120～122
[40]杨小栋.起重机械安全防护设备技术创新[C].研究与交流,2010
[41]程家斌.汽车起重机工况安全监控系统设计[J].武汉生物工程学院学报,2010.6(3)：193～195
[42]李正君.港口岸边装卸设备运行监控与管理系统的开发[J].起重运输机械,2011.2：50～52
[43]曾杨.工程机械智能监控系统[C].长沙中联重工科技有限公司,2010
[44]缪彬彬等.采用GPRS技术的CAN总线塔机安全监控系统[J].现代制造工程,2011.8：109-12
[2]万当.基于WEB的起重机械结构监测系统研究[D].武汉理工大学.2011
[3]许全文.无线传感器网络中节能路由算法的研究及应用[D].重庆理工大学.2010
[4]常松.机械设备结构应力在线监测无线数据传输研究[D].武汉理工大学.2009
[5]范林涛.基于Zigbee﹑ GPRS的农田数据获取系统设计与实现[D].中国科学技术大学.2008
[6]白冰.光纤光栅传感器原理与应用研究[D].气象水文海洋仪器,2005.1(1)：22～23
[7]陈茂庆.应用脆性涂层法测试离心泵体应力[J].流体机械,1994.22(2)：41-2
[8]赵欣,刘磊,王乘.基于莫尔云纹法的三维物体面形测量的实现[J].计算机应用,2003.23(4)：201-202
[9]付正军,方萃长.全息干涉法中刚体位移的影响[J].北方工业大学学报,1994.11(3)：42～43
[10]符晶华,南秋明,符蓉等.光测法与电测法应用于大型土木工程健康监测的对比试验研究[J].工程质量,2006.11(1)：47～48
[11]郑凯.基于ZigBee无线传感器技术的心电监护网络的研究[D].吉林大学2008.
[12]林少峰,何一.基于CC2420的Zigbee无线网络节点设计[J].电子设计工程,2009.17(3).66～67
[13]刘志平,唐娅玲,董永波,万当..基于CDMA和无线传感器网络技术的结构状态远程遥测系统[J].起重机运输机械.2010(10)：60-61]
[14]刘小贞,潘存治,邢海军.起重机应力状态监测无线检测系统的设计与实现[J].煤矿机械.2007.28(7)：178-179
[15]尚盈.用于应变监测的无线传感器网络的研究[D].南京航空航天大学.2008.
[16]吴金鹏,港口机械及其结构应力监测方法探析[J].中国新技术新产品,2010,(04)：146.
[17]苏志雄.无线传感器网络节点芯片的设计和实现[D].厦门大学.2007.
[18]唐鸿儒,刘大年,杨鹏.基于Intemet的远程监控系统开发技术研究[J].测控技术,2003,(4)：48-51.
[19]张愉,周家海,顾毅.基于Intemet的港口起重机远程监控系统研究[J].水运科学研究,2005,(01)：33-36
[20]凡志刚.无线传感器网络覆盖与节点部署问题研究[D].电子科技大学.2005
[21]张凌峰,武文权.无线传感器网络的传感器接口研究[J].微型电脑应用,2009.25(1).15-18
[22]张晋斌.基于GPRS的无线监控与数据采集系统技术的研究[D].太原理工大学.2006
[23]戚本志等.塔吊远程安全监控系统的研究与设计[J].价值工程,2010.3：242～245
[24]徐超.面向大型工程健康监测的无线传感器网络基本理论和关键技术研究[C].2007.3-10
[25]闫静杰,刘晓文,朱晓颖等.基于无线传感器网络的井下水文监测监控系统设计[C].2008.27(15)73-75
[26]Tian D, Georganas N D. A node scheduling scheme for energy conservation in large wireless sensor networks.Wirless Communications and Mobile Computing,2003,3(2):271-290
[27]Zhang H,Hou J C.Maintaining Sensing Coverage and Connectivity in Large Sensor Nerworks.UIUC Computer Science Techincal Report 2004,2351-2360
[28]Xiang-Yang Li,Peng-Jun Wan,Ophir Frieder.Coverage in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Nerworks IEEE TRANSACTION ON COMPUTERS,JUNE 2003,52(6)
[29]S Meguerdichian,F Koushanfar,M Potkonjak,M Srivastava Coverage Probelems in Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Network,Proc.IEEE INFOCOMol,2001,1380-1387
[30]Megerian S,Koushanfar F,Potkonjak M,et al.Worst and best-case coverage in sensor networks.IEEE Trans Mob Comput,2005,4(1):84-92
[31]Meguerdichian S,Koushanfar F,Potkonjak M,et al.Coverage problems in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks.IEEE Infocom,2001,3:1380-1387
[32]Meguerdichian S,Koushanfar F,Qu G,et al.Exposure in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks.in:Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobiel Computing and Networking(MobiCom).New York:ACM Press,2001,139-150
[33]Li X Y,Wan p J,Frieder O.Coverage in wireless ad hoc sensor networks.IEEE Trans Commput,2003,52(6):753-756
[34]Marengoni M,Draper B A,Hanson A,et al.Syustem to place observers on a polyhedral terrain in polynomial time.Image Vis Comput,1996,18:773-780
[35]Ren Y,Zhang S D,Zhang H K.Three-dimensional optimal coverage routing protocol in wireless sensor networks.Chin J Electron,2006,34(2):306-311
[36]Alzoubi K,Li X Y,Wang Y,et al.Geometinc spanners for wireless ad hoc networks.IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst,2003,14(4):408-421
[37]Wang B,Chua K C,Srimivasaan V,et al.Sensor density for complete information coverage in weireless sensor network.EWSN,2006:69-82
[38]朱晓红.起重吊车稳定性安全监控系统的设计[J].铁路计算机应用,2010.19(2)：26～29
[39]裴玮.起重机械安全健康监测与损伤预警方法研究[J].机械工程与自动化,2010.6：120～122
[40]杨小栋.起重机械安全防护设备技术创新[C].研究与交流,2010
[41]程家斌.汽车起重机工况安全监控系统设计[J].武汉生物工程学院学报,2010.6(3)：193～195
[42]李正君.港口岸边装卸设备运行监控与管理系统的开发[J].起重运输机械,2011.2：50～52
[43]曾杨.工程机械智能监控系统[C].长沙中联重工科技有限公司,2010
[44]缪彬彬等.采用GPRS技术的CAN总线塔机安全监控系统[J].现代制造工程,2011.8：109-12