载银纳米二氧化钛粉在口腔修复体中抗菌性的初步研究
|
摘要
背景聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)因其具有良好的物理、化学和生物学性能,多年来被广泛应用于口腔临床,它是目前制作活动义齿最常用的材料。但是,它也存在着不足之处,最常见的是:配戴用PMMA材料制作的活动义齿易诱发义齿接触部位龋病、口炎等并发症,一直以来,对此临床上缺乏有效的解决方法。
载银纳米二氧化钛粉是一种无机抗菌剂,它是以工业偏钛酸、工业浓硫酸为原料,将银离子以水难溶性磷酸盐的形式载入制备而成的复合物。它既利用了银离子化合物的一般杀菌作用,又利用了二氧化钛在光催化作用下的强化杀菌作用。与其它载银无机抗菌剂不同的是,载银纳米二氧化钛系粒径小于50nm的纳米材料,其接触面积大,具有抗菌力强、抗菌谱广、抗菌作用持久和生物安全性良好、价格低廉等特点。文献报道,载银纳米二氧化钛粉应用于塑料中,能使塑料具有抗菌性,但国内外未见有关将载银纳米二氧化钛粉应用于口腔领域的相关报道。
目的为了提高PMMA义齿的抗菌性,降低接触部位的微生物感染率,减少配戴活动义齿所引发的口腔并发症,本试验将新型载银纳米二氧化钛粉加入PMMA义齿基托中,观察其体外抗菌性能,为复合载银纳米二氧化钛PMMA义齿基托的推广应用提供理论依据。
方法
1应用琼脂稀释法进行新型载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌的体外敏感性试验,测定载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。
2根据载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌的MIC和MBC,制成含不同浓度载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托。应用琼脂稀释法,测定其不同浓度对3种口腔临床常见致病菌——变形链球菌、粘性放线菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌率。
3使用扫描电子显微镜观察变形链球菌、粘性放线菌和白色念菌在含载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托上的粘附生长情况。
结果
1载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.5mg/ml,对变形链球菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为2.5mg/ml,说明载银纳米二氧化钛粉对口腔临床常见致龋菌具有良好的抗菌活性。
2含2.5mg/ral载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托对变形链球菌的抗菌率达89.9%,对粘性放线菌的抗菌率高达94.2%;对白色念珠菌的抗菌率为31.5%,能基本满足正常口腔环境下的抗菌要求。
3扫描电镜发现,变形链球菌、粘性放线菌在含2.5mg/ml载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托上的生长粘附比不含载银纳米二氧化钛粉PMMA义齿基托上的粘附生长明显减少(P≤0.05),白色念珠菌的细菌粘附生长也有减少,但差异无显著性意义。
结论载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌、粘性放线菌和白色念珠菌的生长有明显的抑制作用,复合载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托具有抗菌性,可降低其接触部位的微生物感染率。复合载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托可进一步在口腔临床推广应用。
Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is the most useful material to manufacture the removable denture currently,which has been applied extensively to mouth rehabilitation in clinical dentistry for many years because of its good physical、chemical and biological character.It also exists the shortages such as dental caries and denture stomatitides usually at the abutment tooth which are induced by wearing the artificial removable denture made of PMMA.
In order to solve the medical puzzle of reducing the opportunity of complications including caries with abutment tooth of removable denture and denture stomatitis,we attempt to do the preliminary test in which we put Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 into the artificial removable denture made of PMMA,and observe the antimicrobial activity in vitro then to provide the scientific evidence for its wide-spread application
The materials of Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 were invented by School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering of Central South University.The preparation of the complex Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 is follow:precursor of nano-TiO_2 was prepared from industrial H_2TiO_3 and 98%sulfuric acid in continuous acid dissolution and pyro-hydrolysis.The precursor was embedded with silver in the form of Ag_3PO_4.The optimum parameters for the preparation was the ratio of H_2TiO_3 to H_2SO_4 in dissolving process 3、time about 150～180 min and hydrolysis time about 100～120 min.After dried with a sprayer and thermal treated at 450℃,500℃and 550℃, the TiO_2 present in the product was in anatase phase and without simple silver saline phase based on the analyses of X-ray diffraction(XRD).The particle size of product Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 was in the range of 20～80 nm.The minimum inhibitor concentration(MIC)of the product was 100 ppm and the efficiency of sterilization was 99.99%to bacterium coli.
The Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 posses the characteristic such as stronger antimicrobial activity,broadly antibacterial spectrum,longer duration,more safety and lowerprice etc.But there is no report of the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 applied in the PMMA in the literature report retrieved by Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhejiang province.
This study is to observe the antimicrobial activity of denture resins substrates with the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 and find out whether the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 can help demolishing the formation of dental plaque.It can provide more experiment data for the further application of the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 in the prosthodontics field.
The main results of the study are as followly:
At first,The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC)of the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 against Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)was 0.5mg/ml and 2.5mg/ml respectively in vitro.The denture base with Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 has good antimicrobial activities against S.mutans,which can be used in the denture base for antimicrobial activities.Secondly,When put the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 at 2.5mg/ml into PMMA,the inhibition ratios of the base against to S.mutans was 89.9%,against to Actinomycetes viscosus was 94.2%and against to Candida albicans was 31.5% respectively.
The artificial Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 into removable denture made of PMMA can be able to satisfy the fundamental antimicrobial request in the normal oral environment.
Thirdly,Under the same culturing environment,The bacterial adherence growth of streptococcus mutans and actinomycetes viscosus on the surface of the samples of denture resins substrates with Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 are obviously less than that of the control(P＜0.05)by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The adherence growth of candida albicans on the surface of the samples of denture resins substrates with Ag-embedded nano-TiO2 is also less than that of the controlbut the difference is not significant(P＞0.05)by SEM.
This preliminary test shows that the artificial Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 into removable denture made of PMMA can be able to satisfy the fundamental antimicrobial request in the normal oral environment by reducing the opportunity of complications including caries with abutment tooth of removable denture and denture stomatitis,and can help demolishing the formation of dental plaque.and can provide the scientific evidence which is valuable of further application of the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 in the prosthodontics field.
载银纳米二氧化钛粉是一种无机抗菌剂,它是以工业偏钛酸、工业浓硫酸为原料,将银离子以水难溶性磷酸盐的形式载入制备而成的复合物。它既利用了银离子化合物的一般杀菌作用,又利用了二氧化钛在光催化作用下的强化杀菌作用。与其它载银无机抗菌剂不同的是,载银纳米二氧化钛系粒径小于50nm的纳米材料,其接触面积大,具有抗菌力强、抗菌谱广、抗菌作用持久和生物安全性良好、价格低廉等特点。文献报道,载银纳米二氧化钛粉应用于塑料中,能使塑料具有抗菌性,但国内外未见有关将载银纳米二氧化钛粉应用于口腔领域的相关报道。
目的为了提高PMMA义齿的抗菌性,降低接触部位的微生物感染率,减少配戴活动义齿所引发的口腔并发症,本试验将新型载银纳米二氧化钛粉加入PMMA义齿基托中,观察其体外抗菌性能,为复合载银纳米二氧化钛PMMA义齿基托的推广应用提供理论依据。
方法
1应用琼脂稀释法进行新型载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌的体外敏感性试验,测定载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。
2根据载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌的MIC和MBC,制成含不同浓度载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托。应用琼脂稀释法,测定其不同浓度对3种口腔临床常见致病菌——变形链球菌、粘性放线菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌率。
3使用扫描电子显微镜观察变形链球菌、粘性放线菌和白色念菌在含载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托上的粘附生长情况。
结果
1载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.5mg/ml,对变形链球菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为2.5mg/ml,说明载银纳米二氧化钛粉对口腔临床常见致龋菌具有良好的抗菌活性。
2含2.5mg/ral载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托对变形链球菌的抗菌率达89.9%,对粘性放线菌的抗菌率高达94.2%;对白色念珠菌的抗菌率为31.5%,能基本满足正常口腔环境下的抗菌要求。
3扫描电镜发现,变形链球菌、粘性放线菌在含2.5mg/ml载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托上的生长粘附比不含载银纳米二氧化钛粉PMMA义齿基托上的粘附生长明显减少(P≤0.05),白色念珠菌的细菌粘附生长也有减少,但差异无显著性意义。
结论载银纳米二氧化钛粉对变形链球菌、粘性放线菌和白色念珠菌的生长有明显的抑制作用,复合载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托具有抗菌性,可降低其接触部位的微生物感染率。复合载银纳米二氧化钛的PMMA义齿基托可进一步在口腔临床推广应用。
Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is the most useful material to manufacture the removable denture currently,which has been applied extensively to mouth rehabilitation in clinical dentistry for many years because of its good physical、chemical and biological character.It also exists the shortages such as dental caries and denture stomatitides usually at the abutment tooth which are induced by wearing the artificial removable denture made of PMMA.
In order to solve the medical puzzle of reducing the opportunity of complications including caries with abutment tooth of removable denture and denture stomatitis,we attempt to do the preliminary test in which we put Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 into the artificial removable denture made of PMMA,and observe the antimicrobial activity in vitro then to provide the scientific evidence for its wide-spread application
The materials of Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 were invented by School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering of Central South University.The preparation of the complex Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 is follow:precursor of nano-TiO_2 was prepared from industrial H_2TiO_3 and 98%sulfuric acid in continuous acid dissolution and pyro-hydrolysis.The precursor was embedded with silver in the form of Ag_3PO_4.The optimum parameters for the preparation was the ratio of H_2TiO_3 to H_2SO_4 in dissolving process 3、time about 150～180 min and hydrolysis time about 100～120 min.After dried with a sprayer and thermal treated at 450℃,500℃and 550℃, the TiO_2 present in the product was in anatase phase and without simple silver saline phase based on the analyses of X-ray diffraction(XRD).The particle size of product Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 was in the range of 20～80 nm.The minimum inhibitor concentration(MIC)of the product was 100 ppm and the efficiency of sterilization was 99.99%to bacterium coli.
The Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 posses the characteristic such as stronger antimicrobial activity,broadly antibacterial spectrum,longer duration,more safety and lowerprice etc.But there is no report of the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 applied in the PMMA in the literature report retrieved by Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhejiang province.
This study is to observe the antimicrobial activity of denture resins substrates with the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 and find out whether the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 can help demolishing the formation of dental plaque.It can provide more experiment data for the further application of the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 in the prosthodontics field.
The main results of the study are as followly:
At first,The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC)of the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 against Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)was 0.5mg/ml and 2.5mg/ml respectively in vitro.The denture base with Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 has good antimicrobial activities against S.mutans,which can be used in the denture base for antimicrobial activities.Secondly,When put the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 at 2.5mg/ml into PMMA,the inhibition ratios of the base against to S.mutans was 89.9%,against to Actinomycetes viscosus was 94.2%and against to Candida albicans was 31.5% respectively.
The artificial Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 into removable denture made of PMMA can be able to satisfy the fundamental antimicrobial request in the normal oral environment.
Thirdly,Under the same culturing environment,The bacterial adherence growth of streptococcus mutans and actinomycetes viscosus on the surface of the samples of denture resins substrates with Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 are obviously less than that of the control(P＜0.05)by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The adherence growth of candida albicans on the surface of the samples of denture resins substrates with Ag-embedded nano-TiO2 is also less than that of the controlbut the difference is not significant(P＞0.05)by SEM.
This preliminary test shows that the artificial Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 into removable denture made of PMMA can be able to satisfy the fundamental antimicrobial request in the normal oral environment by reducing the opportunity of complications including caries with abutment tooth of removable denture and denture stomatitis,and can help demolishing the formation of dental plaque.and can provide the scientific evidence which is valuable of further application of the Ag-embedded nano-TiO_2 in the prosthodontics field.
引文
1 Murakami H,Mizuguchi M,Hattori M,et al.Effect of denture cleaner using ozone against methicillin-resistant StapHylococcus aureus and E.coli T1 pHage[J].Dent Mater J,2002,21(1):53-60.
2 McCabe JF,Murray ID,Kelly PJ.The efficacy of denture cleansers[J].Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent,1995,3(5):203-7.
3 Kastner C,Svare CW,Scandrett FR,et al.Effects of chemical denture cleaners on the flexibility of cast clasps[J].J Prosthet Dent,1983,50(4):473-9.
4 陈建治,肖文林.义齿清洁常用方法[J].国外医学·口腔医学分册,2001,28(5):311-313.
5 李雅瑾,李玉桂,彭东.健康指导与患者行为方式对可摘局部义齿清洁的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2003,17(5):424-426.
6 邓旭亮,胡晓阳,黄汝丽,等.义齿清洁剂对树脂基托颜色的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2003,17(1):62-63.
7 郭进新,袁文钧,程祥荣.加酶义齿清洁剂对口腔厌氧菌的杀菌效果试验[J].武汉大学学报·医学版,2001,22(3):257-258.
8 李鸣宇,刘正,朱彩莲.假牙清洁剂的有效性测试[J].口腔材料器械杂志,2001,10(2):67-68.
9 余占海,包广洁,王毅,等.可摘局部义齿与口腔微生态关系的试验室研究[J].北京口腔医学,1998.6(S:S):68-69.
10 Charkawi H,Said EA,Safouh HM,et al.Effect of addition antimicrobial agents to denture reliners[J].Egypt Dent J,1994,40(3):785-90.
11 胡晓萍,朱洪水,徐爱平.含氟热凝树脂预防可摘局部义齿基牙龋的体外研究[J].中华老年口腔医学杂志,2004,2(1):24-26.
12 雷昱,冯海兰,高学军.树脂加氟预防可摘局部义齿基牙龋的初步研究[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2001,15(1):34-36.
13 余占海,王毅,周益民,等.RPDs患者唾液流率、pH及变链菌数的动态观察[J].中国微生态学杂志,1998,10(6):368-369.
14 Ettinger RL,Manderson D,Wefel JS,et al.An in vitro evaluation of the prevention of caries on overdenture abutments[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(10):1338-41.
15 Ettinger RL,Krell K.Endodontic problems in an overdenture population[J].J Prosthet Dent,1988,59(4):459-62.
16 Kambhu PP,Ettinger RL,Wefel JS.An in vitro evaluation of artificial caries-like lesions on restored overdenture abutments[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(3):582-4.
17 Ettinger RL.Tooth loss in an overdenture population[J],J Prosthet Dent,1988,60(4):459-62.
18 Spiessl B.Median osteotomy for reduction of the mandible in dysgnathia[M].Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir,1974,18:163-5.
19 Ghamrawy EE.Qualitative changes in dental plaque formation related to removable partial dentures[J].J Oral Rehabil,1979,6(2):183-8.
20 Olsen I,Bondeyik O.Experimental Candida-induced denture stomatitis in the Wistar rat[J].Scand J Dent Res,1978,86(5):392-8.
21 Catalan A,Herrera R,Martinez A.Denture plaque and palatal mucosa in denture stomatitis: scanning electron microscopic and microbiologic study[J].J Prosthet Dent,1987,57(5):581-6.
22 Catalan A.Stomatitis associated with wearing removable dentures:etiology and treatment[J].Cah Prothese,1984,12(46):59-78.
23 Catalan SA.Denture stomatitis.Microbial colonization of base materials in complete dentures[J].Rev Asoc Odontol Argent,1981,69(3):155-8.
24 Alfonso Catalan S,Alvaro Celis SF,Aldo Reveco G.Denture stomatitis(clinical study of 143patients)[J].Rev Odontol Ecuat,1978,23(79):1-6.
25 Catalan A,Celis A,Reveco A.Stomatitis under prosthesis[J].Odontol Chil,1977,25(118):102-6.
26 王永生.两种不同材料总义齿基托菌斑与义齿性口炎的临床分析[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2004.18(6):557-559.
27 张富强,胡滨,朱敏.刷牙时间对可摘局部义齿基牙菌斑菌丛的影响[J].口腔医学,1999,19(1):13-15.
28 张宇,葛存旺,虞伟,等.无机纳米抗菌剂用于医用无菌纱布的研究[J].东南大学学报·自然科学版,2001,31(2):11-12.
29 张海龙,刘锦萍.KHFS-ZN纳米抗菌剂治疗难治性根尖周炎的疗效观察[J].江西医学院学报,2003,43(1):96-97.
30 佘文珺,胡滨,张富强.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂抗菌性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1096-1098.
31 佘文珺,夏良伟,姜卫东,等.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1099-1101.
32 佘文珺,傅远飞,张富强.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂细胞毒性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1102-1104.
33 余日月,周永胜,冯海兰.载银纳米二氧化钛PMMA义齿基托的体外抗菌效果[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2005,21(5):670-672.
34 Monsenego P.Presence of microorganisms on the fitting denture complete surface:study 'in vivo'[J].J Oral Rehabil,2000,27(8):708-13.
35 Gu XT,Feng YY,Jin TS,et al.Preparation of Ge/SiO2 nanometer-crystal doped glass and study of its pHotoluminescence property[J].Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi,2004,24(10):1161-3.
36 Raimondi F,Scherer GG,Kotz R,et al.Nanoparticles in Energy Technology:Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis[J].Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,2005.
37 董滢,尹路.纳米银应用于软衬材料的抗菌性试验研究[J].山西医科大学学报,2006,37(8):860-862.
38 陈小婷.纳米银妇用抗菌凝胶治疗阴道炎和宫颈炎的疗效探讨[J].中国基层医药,2006.13(8):1404-1405.
39 王刚林,陈海燕.纳米银妇女外用抗菌器生物学评价方法的初探[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2006,30(6):451-452,443.
40 张碧榕,林美姜.埃米妇康纳米银女士凝胶治疗阴道炎109例疗效分析[J].海峡药学,2006,18(5):125-126.
41 王潇婕,许智轩,赵彦涛,等.添加纳米二氧化钛树脂基托材料抗菌性能的研究[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2007,23(5):270-272.
42 载银纳米二氧化钛抗菌剂问世[J].河南化工,2005,22(11):52-52.
43 中南大学“载银纳米二氧化钛抗菌材料的开发”项目通过成果鉴定[J].中国粉体工业.2005(5).-41-41.
44 彭兵,柴立元,韦顺文,等.载银纳米二氧化钛抗菌粉体的制备工艺研究[J].精细化工中间体,2006,36(1):63-66.
45 Pires FR,Santos EB,Bonan PR,et al.Denture stomatitis and salivary Candida in Brazilian edentulous patients[J].J Oral Rehabil,2002,29(11):1115-9.
46 Ghamrawy EE.Quantitative changes in dental plaque formation related to removable partial dentures[J].J oral Rehabil,1976,3(2):115-20.
47 Radford DR,Challacombe SJ,Walter JD.Denture plaque and adherence of Candida albicans to denture-base materials in vivo and in vitro[J].Crit Rev Oral Biol Med,1999,10(1):99-116.
48 Budtz-Jorgensen E,Theilade E,Theilade J.Quantitative relationship between yeast and bacteria in denture-induced stomatitis[J].Scand J Dent Res,1983,91(2):134-42.
1 余占海,包广洁,王毅,等.可摘局部义齿与口腔微生态关系的试验室研究[J].北京口腔医学,1998,6(S:S):68-69.
2 余占海,王毅,周益民,等.RPDs患者唾液流率、pH及变链菌数的动态观察[J].中国微生态学杂志,1998,10(6):368-369.
3 Ettinger RL,Manderson D,Wefel JS,et al.An in vitro evaluation of the prevention of caries on overdenture abutments[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(10):1338-41.
4 Ettinger RL,Krell K.Endodontic problems in an overdenture population[J].J Prosthet Dent,1988,59(4):459-62.
5 Ghamrawy EE.Qualitative changes in dental plaque formation related to removable partial dentures[J].J Oral Rehabil,1979,6(2):183-8.
6 Olsen I,Bondevik O.Experimental Candida-induced denture stomatitis in the Wistar rat[J].Scand J Dent Res,1978,86(5):392-8.
7 Catalan A,Herrera R,Martinez A.Denture plaque and palatal mucosa in denture stomatitis:scanning electron microscopic and microbiologic study[J].J Prosthet Dent,1987,57(5):581-6.
8 Catalan A.Stomatitis associated with wearing removable dentures:etiology and treatment[J].Cah Prothese,1984,12(46):59-78.
9 Catalan SA.Denture stomatitis.Microbial colonization of base materials in complete dentures[J].Rev Asoc Odontol Argent,1981,69(3):155-8.
10 Bergman B,Hugoson A,Olsson CO.A 25 year longitudinal study of patients treated with removable partial dentures[J].J Oral Rehabil,1995,22(8):595-9.
11 余占海,刘斌,李燕平.可摘局部义齿基牙健康状况的试验研究[J].口腔颌面修复学杂志,2004,5(2):118-121.
12 Budtz-Jorgensen E,Theilade E,Theilade J.Quantitative relationship between yeast and bacteria in denture-induced stomatitis[J].Scand J Dent Res,1983,91(2):134-42.
13 Budtz-Jorgensen E.Oral mucosal lesions associated with the wearing of removable dentures[J].J Oral Pathol,1981,10(2):65-80.
14 Budtz-Jorgensen E.Prevention of denture plaque formation by an enzyme denture cleanser[J].J Biol Buccale,1977,5(3):239-44.
15 高宁,柴枫,刘国秋,等.口腔修复材料表面粗糙度与血链球菌早期粘附的关系[J].华西医科大学学报,1998,29(2):147-150.
16 Kawasaki N,Matsumae I,Fukunaga A,et al.[In vitro study of staining on composite base resins (Part Ⅰ)][J].Hiroshima Daigaku Shigaku Zasshi,1988,20(2):358-62.
17 Vanzeveren C,D' Hoore W,Bercy P.Influence of removable partial denture on periodontal indices and microbiological status[J].J Oral Rehabil,2002,29(3):232-9.
18 Neumann CP,Tatarciuc M,Rusu V,et al.Technical and biopHysical aspects in prosthetic occlusal rehabilitation for edentulous teenagers.Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi,1997,101(1-2):187-90.
19 Mihalow DM,Tinanoff N.Influence of removable partial dentures on the Streptococcus mutans level in saliva[J].Soproden,1989,5(4):245-7.
20 Guo B,Zhou X,Hu T,et al.Effect of para-aminobenzoic acid on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans[J].Hua Xi Yi Ko Da Xue Xue Bao,2001,32(3):348-9,368.
21 Razek MK,Mohamed ZM.Influence of tissue-conditioning materials on the oral bacteriologic status of complete denture wearers[J].J Prosthet Dent,1980,44(2):137-42.
22 Crockett DN,O'Grady JF,Reade PC.Candida species and Candida albicans morpHotypes in erythematous candidiasis[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol,1992,73(5):559-63.
23 PHillips HI.Treatment of denture stomatitis with polynoxylin.A double-blind trial[J].[J],1970,128(2):78-80.
24 Kuhar M,Funduk N.Effects of polishing techniques on the surface roughness of acrylic denture base resins[J].J Prosthet Dent,2005,93(1):76-85.
25 Haselton DR,Diaz-Arnold AM,Dawson DV.Effect of storage solution on surface roughness of provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials[J].J Prosthodont,2004,13(4):227-32.
26 张振庭,赵谌,袁玉姝.变形链球菌粘附与义齿基托材表面粗糙度的关系[J].首都医科大学学报,2000,21(1):59-60.
27 Murakami H,Mizuguchi M,Hattori M,et al.Effect of denture cleaner using ozone against methicillin-resistant StapHylococcus aureus and E.coli T1 pHage[J].Dent Mater J,2002,21(1):53-60.
28 McCabe JF,Murray ID,Kelly PJ.The efficacy of denture cleansers[J].Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent,1995,3(5):203-7.
29 Kastner C,Svare CW,Scandrett FR,et al.Effects of chemical denture cleaners on the flexibility of cast clasps[J].J Prosthet Dent,1983,50(4):473-9.
30 陈建治,肖文林.义齿清洁常用方法[J].国外医学·口腔医学分册,2001,28(5):311-313.
31 李雅瑾,李玉桂,彭东.健康指导与患者行为方式对可摘局部义齿清洁的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2003,17(5):424-426.
32 邓旭亮,胡晓阳,黄汝丽,等.义齿清洁剂对树脂基托颜色的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2003,17(1):62-63.
33 郭进新,袁文钧,程祥荣.加酶义齿清洁剂对口腔厌氧菌的杀菌效果试验[J].武汉大学学报·医学版,2001,22(3):257-258.
34 Charkawi H,Said EA,Safouh HM,et al.Effect of addition antimicrobial agents to denture reliners[J].Egypt Dent J,1994,40(3):785-90.
35 张振庭.口腔微生物在义齿材料表面粘附的研究近况[J].北京口腔医学,1996,4(4):175-177.
36 Monsenego P.Presence of microorganisms on the fitting denture complete surface:study 'in vivo'[J].J Oral Rehabil,2000,27(8):708-13.
37 毛彦琪,彭伟,冯其高.肝素在人工晶状体植入术中的临床应用[J].国际眼科杂志,2003,3(3):75-76.
38 孙洁,谢立信,姚瞻.肝素缓释系统抑制后发性白内障的试验研究[J].中华眼科杂志,2003,39(7):406-410.
39 袁佳琴,孙慧敏,徐延山,等.氟-肝素表面修饰人工晶状体的试验研究[J].眼科新进展,2003,23(3):153-156.
40 Anders Hagfeldt,Michad Gratzd.Light—induced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems[J].CheFn Rev,1995,95:49.
41 李晓平,徐宝琨,刘国范,等.纳米TiO_2光催化降解水中有机污染物的研究与发.功能材料,1999,30(3):242
42 Wang R,Hashimoto K,Fujishima A et al.Light—induced amphiphilic surfaces Nature,1997.388:431
43 Li A,Lee PY,Ho B,et al.Atomic force microscopy study of the antimicrobial action of Sushi peptides on Gram negative bacteria.Biochim Biophys Acta,2007,1768:411-8.
44 Rudra JS,Dave K,Haynie DT.Antimicrobial polypeptide multilayer nanocoatings.J Biomater Sci Polym Ed,2006,17:1301-15.
45 Meincken M,Holroyd DL,Rantenbach M.Atomic force microscopy study of the effect of antimicrobial peptides on the cell envelope of Escherichia coli.Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2005,49:4085-92.
46 Baker C,Pradhan A,Pakstis L,et al.Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles.J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2005,5:244-9.
47 Xu XH,Brownlow WJ,Kyriacou SV,et al.Real-time probing of membrane transport in living microbial cells using single nanoparticle optics and living cell imaging.Biochemistry,2004,43:10400-13.
48 Kim JS,Lee KS,Kim SS.Optical properties of Ag nanoparticles embedded Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films prepared by alternating pulsed laser deposition.J Nanosci Nanotechnol JT - Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology,2006,6:3426-8.
49 Gu XT,Feng YY,Jin TS,et al.Preparation of Ge/SiO2 nanometer-crystal doped glass and study of its pHotoluminescence property[J].Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi,2004,24(10):1161-3.
50 Raimondi F,Scherer GG,Kotz R,et al.Nanoparticles in Energy Technology:Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis[J].Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,2005.
51 佘文珺,胡滨,张富强.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂抗菌性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1096-1098.
52 佘文珺,夏良伟,姜卫东,等.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1099-1101.
53 佘文珺,傅远飞,张富强.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂细胞毒性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1102-1104.
54 Monsenego P.Presence of microorganisms on the fitting denture complete surface:study 'in vivo'[J].J Oral Rehabil,2000,27(8):708-13.
55 Gu XT,Feng YY,Jin TS,et al.Preparation of Ge/SiO2 nanometer-crystal doped glass and study of its pHotoluminescence property[J].Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi,2004,24(10):1161-3.
56 Raimondi F,Scherer GG,Kotz R,et al.Nanoparticles in Energy Technology:Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis[J].Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,2005.
57 董滢,尹路.纳米银应用于软衬材料的抗菌性试验研究[J].山西医科大学学报,2006,37(8):860-862.
58 陈小婷.纳米银妇用抗菌凝胶治疗阴道炎和宫颈炎的疗效探讨[J].中国基层医药,28 张宇,葛存旺,虞伟,等.无机纳米抗菌剂用于医用无菌纱布的研究[J].东南大学学报·自然科学版,2001,31(2):11-12.
59 张宇,葛存旺,虞伟,等.无机纳米抗菌剂用于医用无菌纱布的研究[J].东南大学学报·自然科学版,2001,31(2):11-12.
60 张海龙,刘锦萍.KHFS-ZN纳米抗菌剂治疗难治性根尖周炎的疗效观察[J].江西医学院学报,2003,43(1):96-97.
2 McCabe JF,Murray ID,Kelly PJ.The efficacy of denture cleansers[J].Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent,1995,3(5):203-7.
3 Kastner C,Svare CW,Scandrett FR,et al.Effects of chemical denture cleaners on the flexibility of cast clasps[J].J Prosthet Dent,1983,50(4):473-9.
4 陈建治,肖文林.义齿清洁常用方法[J].国外医学·口腔医学分册,2001,28(5):311-313.
5 李雅瑾,李玉桂,彭东.健康指导与患者行为方式对可摘局部义齿清洁的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2003,17(5):424-426.
6 邓旭亮,胡晓阳,黄汝丽,等.义齿清洁剂对树脂基托颜色的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2003,17(1):62-63.
7 郭进新,袁文钧,程祥荣.加酶义齿清洁剂对口腔厌氧菌的杀菌效果试验[J].武汉大学学报·医学版,2001,22(3):257-258.
8 李鸣宇,刘正,朱彩莲.假牙清洁剂的有效性测试[J].口腔材料器械杂志,2001,10(2):67-68.
9 余占海,包广洁,王毅,等.可摘局部义齿与口腔微生态关系的试验室研究[J].北京口腔医学,1998.6(S:S):68-69.
10 Charkawi H,Said EA,Safouh HM,et al.Effect of addition antimicrobial agents to denture reliners[J].Egypt Dent J,1994,40(3):785-90.
11 胡晓萍,朱洪水,徐爱平.含氟热凝树脂预防可摘局部义齿基牙龋的体外研究[J].中华老年口腔医学杂志,2004,2(1):24-26.
12 雷昱,冯海兰,高学军.树脂加氟预防可摘局部义齿基牙龋的初步研究[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2001,15(1):34-36.
13 余占海,王毅,周益民,等.RPDs患者唾液流率、pH及变链菌数的动态观察[J].中国微生态学杂志,1998,10(6):368-369.
14 Ettinger RL,Manderson D,Wefel JS,et al.An in vitro evaluation of the prevention of caries on overdenture abutments[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(10):1338-41.
15 Ettinger RL,Krell K.Endodontic problems in an overdenture population[J].J Prosthet Dent,1988,59(4):459-62.
16 Kambhu PP,Ettinger RL,Wefel JS.An in vitro evaluation of artificial caries-like lesions on restored overdenture abutments[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(3):582-4.
17 Ettinger RL.Tooth loss in an overdenture population[J],J Prosthet Dent,1988,60(4):459-62.
18 Spiessl B.Median osteotomy for reduction of the mandible in dysgnathia[M].Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir,1974,18:163-5.
19 Ghamrawy EE.Qualitative changes in dental plaque formation related to removable partial dentures[J].J Oral Rehabil,1979,6(2):183-8.
20 Olsen I,Bondeyik O.Experimental Candida-induced denture stomatitis in the Wistar rat[J].Scand J Dent Res,1978,86(5):392-8.
21 Catalan A,Herrera R,Martinez A.Denture plaque and palatal mucosa in denture stomatitis: scanning electron microscopic and microbiologic study[J].J Prosthet Dent,1987,57(5):581-6.
22 Catalan A.Stomatitis associated with wearing removable dentures:etiology and treatment[J].Cah Prothese,1984,12(46):59-78.
23 Catalan SA.Denture stomatitis.Microbial colonization of base materials in complete dentures[J].Rev Asoc Odontol Argent,1981,69(3):155-8.
24 Alfonso Catalan S,Alvaro Celis SF,Aldo Reveco G.Denture stomatitis(clinical study of 143patients)[J].Rev Odontol Ecuat,1978,23(79):1-6.
25 Catalan A,Celis A,Reveco A.Stomatitis under prosthesis[J].Odontol Chil,1977,25(118):102-6.
26 王永生.两种不同材料总义齿基托菌斑与义齿性口炎的临床分析[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2004.18(6):557-559.
27 张富强,胡滨,朱敏.刷牙时间对可摘局部义齿基牙菌斑菌丛的影响[J].口腔医学,1999,19(1):13-15.
28 张宇,葛存旺,虞伟,等.无机纳米抗菌剂用于医用无菌纱布的研究[J].东南大学学报·自然科学版,2001,31(2):11-12.
29 张海龙,刘锦萍.KHFS-ZN纳米抗菌剂治疗难治性根尖周炎的疗效观察[J].江西医学院学报,2003,43(1):96-97.
30 佘文珺,胡滨,张富强.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂抗菌性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1096-1098.
31 佘文珺,夏良伟,姜卫东,等.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1099-1101.
32 佘文珺,傅远飞,张富强.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂细胞毒性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1102-1104.
33 余日月,周永胜,冯海兰.载银纳米二氧化钛PMMA义齿基托的体外抗菌效果[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2005,21(5):670-672.
34 Monsenego P.Presence of microorganisms on the fitting denture complete surface:study 'in vivo'[J].J Oral Rehabil,2000,27(8):708-13.
35 Gu XT,Feng YY,Jin TS,et al.Preparation of Ge/SiO2 nanometer-crystal doped glass and study of its pHotoluminescence property[J].Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi,2004,24(10):1161-3.
36 Raimondi F,Scherer GG,Kotz R,et al.Nanoparticles in Energy Technology:Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis[J].Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,2005.
37 董滢,尹路.纳米银应用于软衬材料的抗菌性试验研究[J].山西医科大学学报,2006,37(8):860-862.
38 陈小婷.纳米银妇用抗菌凝胶治疗阴道炎和宫颈炎的疗效探讨[J].中国基层医药,2006.13(8):1404-1405.
39 王刚林,陈海燕.纳米银妇女外用抗菌器生物学评价方法的初探[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2006,30(6):451-452,443.
40 张碧榕,林美姜.埃米妇康纳米银女士凝胶治疗阴道炎109例疗效分析[J].海峡药学,2006,18(5):125-126.
41 王潇婕,许智轩,赵彦涛,等.添加纳米二氧化钛树脂基托材料抗菌性能的研究[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2007,23(5):270-272.
42 载银纳米二氧化钛抗菌剂问世[J].河南化工,2005,22(11):52-52.
43 中南大学“载银纳米二氧化钛抗菌材料的开发”项目通过成果鉴定[J].中国粉体工业.2005(5).-41-41.
44 彭兵,柴立元,韦顺文,等.载银纳米二氧化钛抗菌粉体的制备工艺研究[J].精细化工中间体,2006,36(1):63-66.
45 Pires FR,Santos EB,Bonan PR,et al.Denture stomatitis and salivary Candida in Brazilian edentulous patients[J].J Oral Rehabil,2002,29(11):1115-9.
46 Ghamrawy EE.Quantitative changes in dental plaque formation related to removable partial dentures[J].J oral Rehabil,1976,3(2):115-20.
47 Radford DR,Challacombe SJ,Walter JD.Denture plaque and adherence of Candida albicans to denture-base materials in vivo and in vitro[J].Crit Rev Oral Biol Med,1999,10(1):99-116.
48 Budtz-Jorgensen E,Theilade E,Theilade J.Quantitative relationship between yeast and bacteria in denture-induced stomatitis[J].Scand J Dent Res,1983,91(2):134-42.
1 余占海,包广洁,王毅,等.可摘局部义齿与口腔微生态关系的试验室研究[J].北京口腔医学,1998,6(S:S):68-69.
2 余占海,王毅,周益民,等.RPDs患者唾液流率、pH及变链菌数的动态观察[J].中国微生态学杂志,1998,10(6):368-369.
3 Ettinger RL,Manderson D,Wefel JS,et al.An in vitro evaluation of the prevention of caries on overdenture abutments[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(10):1338-41.
4 Ettinger RL,Krell K.Endodontic problems in an overdenture population[J].J Prosthet Dent,1988,59(4):459-62.
5 Ghamrawy EE.Qualitative changes in dental plaque formation related to removable partial dentures[J].J Oral Rehabil,1979,6(2):183-8.
6 Olsen I,Bondevik O.Experimental Candida-induced denture stomatitis in the Wistar rat[J].Scand J Dent Res,1978,86(5):392-8.
7 Catalan A,Herrera R,Martinez A.Denture plaque and palatal mucosa in denture stomatitis:scanning electron microscopic and microbiologic study[J].J Prosthet Dent,1987,57(5):581-6.
8 Catalan A.Stomatitis associated with wearing removable dentures:etiology and treatment[J].Cah Prothese,1984,12(46):59-78.
9 Catalan SA.Denture stomatitis.Microbial colonization of base materials in complete dentures[J].Rev Asoc Odontol Argent,1981,69(3):155-8.
10 Bergman B,Hugoson A,Olsson CO.A 25 year longitudinal study of patients treated with removable partial dentures[J].J Oral Rehabil,1995,22(8):595-9.
11 余占海,刘斌,李燕平.可摘局部义齿基牙健康状况的试验研究[J].口腔颌面修复学杂志,2004,5(2):118-121.
12 Budtz-Jorgensen E,Theilade E,Theilade J.Quantitative relationship between yeast and bacteria in denture-induced stomatitis[J].Scand J Dent Res,1983,91(2):134-42.
13 Budtz-Jorgensen E.Oral mucosal lesions associated with the wearing of removable dentures[J].J Oral Pathol,1981,10(2):65-80.
14 Budtz-Jorgensen E.Prevention of denture plaque formation by an enzyme denture cleanser[J].J Biol Buccale,1977,5(3):239-44.
15 高宁,柴枫,刘国秋,等.口腔修复材料表面粗糙度与血链球菌早期粘附的关系[J].华西医科大学学报,1998,29(2):147-150.
16 Kawasaki N,Matsumae I,Fukunaga A,et al.[In vitro study of staining on composite base resins (Part Ⅰ)][J].Hiroshima Daigaku Shigaku Zasshi,1988,20(2):358-62.
17 Vanzeveren C,D' Hoore W,Bercy P.Influence of removable partial denture on periodontal indices and microbiological status[J].J Oral Rehabil,2002,29(3):232-9.
18 Neumann CP,Tatarciuc M,Rusu V,et al.Technical and biopHysical aspects in prosthetic occlusal rehabilitation for edentulous teenagers.Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi,1997,101(1-2):187-90.
19 Mihalow DM,Tinanoff N.Influence of removable partial dentures on the Streptococcus mutans level in saliva[J].Soproden,1989,5(4):245-7.
20 Guo B,Zhou X,Hu T,et al.Effect of para-aminobenzoic acid on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans[J].Hua Xi Yi Ko Da Xue Xue Bao,2001,32(3):348-9,368.
21 Razek MK,Mohamed ZM.Influence of tissue-conditioning materials on the oral bacteriologic status of complete denture wearers[J].J Prosthet Dent,1980,44(2):137-42.
22 Crockett DN,O'Grady JF,Reade PC.Candida species and Candida albicans morpHotypes in erythematous candidiasis[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol,1992,73(5):559-63.
23 PHillips HI.Treatment of denture stomatitis with polynoxylin.A double-blind trial[J].[J],1970,128(2):78-80.
24 Kuhar M,Funduk N.Effects of polishing techniques on the surface roughness of acrylic denture base resins[J].J Prosthet Dent,2005,93(1):76-85.
25 Haselton DR,Diaz-Arnold AM,Dawson DV.Effect of storage solution on surface roughness of provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials[J].J Prosthodont,2004,13(4):227-32.
26 张振庭,赵谌,袁玉姝.变形链球菌粘附与义齿基托材表面粗糙度的关系[J].首都医科大学学报,2000,21(1):59-60.
27 Murakami H,Mizuguchi M,Hattori M,et al.Effect of denture cleaner using ozone against methicillin-resistant StapHylococcus aureus and E.coli T1 pHage[J].Dent Mater J,2002,21(1):53-60.
28 McCabe JF,Murray ID,Kelly PJ.The efficacy of denture cleansers[J].Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent,1995,3(5):203-7.
29 Kastner C,Svare CW,Scandrett FR,et al.Effects of chemical denture cleaners on the flexibility of cast clasps[J].J Prosthet Dent,1983,50(4):473-9.
30 陈建治,肖文林.义齿清洁常用方法[J].国外医学·口腔医学分册,2001,28(5):311-313.
31 李雅瑾,李玉桂,彭东.健康指导与患者行为方式对可摘局部义齿清洁的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2003,17(5):424-426.
32 邓旭亮,胡晓阳,黄汝丽,等.义齿清洁剂对树脂基托颜色的影响[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2003,17(1):62-63.
33 郭进新,袁文钧,程祥荣.加酶义齿清洁剂对口腔厌氧菌的杀菌效果试验[J].武汉大学学报·医学版,2001,22(3):257-258.
34 Charkawi H,Said EA,Safouh HM,et al.Effect of addition antimicrobial agents to denture reliners[J].Egypt Dent J,1994,40(3):785-90.
35 张振庭.口腔微生物在义齿材料表面粘附的研究近况[J].北京口腔医学,1996,4(4):175-177.
36 Monsenego P.Presence of microorganisms on the fitting denture complete surface:study 'in vivo'[J].J Oral Rehabil,2000,27(8):708-13.
37 毛彦琪,彭伟,冯其高.肝素在人工晶状体植入术中的临床应用[J].国际眼科杂志,2003,3(3):75-76.
38 孙洁,谢立信,姚瞻.肝素缓释系统抑制后发性白内障的试验研究[J].中华眼科杂志,2003,39(7):406-410.
39 袁佳琴,孙慧敏,徐延山,等.氟-肝素表面修饰人工晶状体的试验研究[J].眼科新进展,2003,23(3):153-156.
40 Anders Hagfeldt,Michad Gratzd.Light—induced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems[J].CheFn Rev,1995,95:49.
41 李晓平,徐宝琨,刘国范,等.纳米TiO_2光催化降解水中有机污染物的研究与发.功能材料,1999,30(3):242
42 Wang R,Hashimoto K,Fujishima A et al.Light—induced amphiphilic surfaces Nature,1997.388:431
43 Li A,Lee PY,Ho B,et al.Atomic force microscopy study of the antimicrobial action of Sushi peptides on Gram negative bacteria.Biochim Biophys Acta,2007,1768:411-8.
44 Rudra JS,Dave K,Haynie DT.Antimicrobial polypeptide multilayer nanocoatings.J Biomater Sci Polym Ed,2006,17:1301-15.
45 Meincken M,Holroyd DL,Rantenbach M.Atomic force microscopy study of the effect of antimicrobial peptides on the cell envelope of Escherichia coli.Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2005,49:4085-92.
46 Baker C,Pradhan A,Pakstis L,et al.Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles.J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2005,5:244-9.
47 Xu XH,Brownlow WJ,Kyriacou SV,et al.Real-time probing of membrane transport in living microbial cells using single nanoparticle optics and living cell imaging.Biochemistry,2004,43:10400-13.
48 Kim JS,Lee KS,Kim SS.Optical properties of Ag nanoparticles embedded Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films prepared by alternating pulsed laser deposition.J Nanosci Nanotechnol JT - Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology,2006,6:3426-8.
49 Gu XT,Feng YY,Jin TS,et al.Preparation of Ge/SiO2 nanometer-crystal doped glass and study of its pHotoluminescence property[J].Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi,2004,24(10):1161-3.
50 Raimondi F,Scherer GG,Kotz R,et al.Nanoparticles in Energy Technology:Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis[J].Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,2005.
51 佘文珺,胡滨,张富强.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂抗菌性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1096-1098.
52 佘文珺,夏良伟,姜卫东,等.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂机械性能的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1099-1101.
53 佘文珺,傅远飞,张富强.纳米载银无机抗菌剂对义齿基托树脂细胞毒性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报:医学版,2006,26(10):1102-1104.
54 Monsenego P.Presence of microorganisms on the fitting denture complete surface:study 'in vivo'[J].J Oral Rehabil,2000,27(8):708-13.
55 Gu XT,Feng YY,Jin TS,et al.Preparation of Ge/SiO2 nanometer-crystal doped glass and study of its pHotoluminescence property[J].Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi,2004,24(10):1161-3.
56 Raimondi F,Scherer GG,Kotz R,et al.Nanoparticles in Energy Technology:Examples from Electrochemistry and Catalysis[J].Angew Chem Int Ed Engl,2005.
57 董滢,尹路.纳米银应用于软衬材料的抗菌性试验研究[J].山西医科大学学报,2006,37(8):860-862.
58 陈小婷.纳米银妇用抗菌凝胶治疗阴道炎和宫颈炎的疗效探讨[J].中国基层医药,28 张宇,葛存旺,虞伟,等.无机纳米抗菌剂用于医用无菌纱布的研究[J].东南大学学报·自然科学版,2001,31(2):11-12.
59 张宇,葛存旺,虞伟,等.无机纳米抗菌剂用于医用无菌纱布的研究[J].东南大学学报·自然科学版,2001,31(2):11-12.
60 张海龙,刘锦萍.KHFS-ZN纳米抗菌剂治疗难治性根尖周炎的疗效观察[J].江西医学院学报,2003,43(1):96-97.