基于知识网络的虚拟科技创新团队的知识流动研究
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摘要
随着科技创新项目的日趋复杂化,各学科、各领域交叉融合,同时伴随着电子信息技术的飞快发展,科技创新团队逐渐向着网络化、虚拟化的方向发展,具有了虚拟团队的性质,最终形成了虚拟科技创新团队。虚拟科技创新团队已成为一种正在被普遍采用的组织形式,其以创新性任务为纽带整合优势资源,能够跨越时间、地点和组织边界的障碍。事实证明虚拟团队不仅能够解决技术创新所需要的资金、技术、人才和信息,而且能够提高参与者的技术创新能力,获得技术、资源等多方面的优势。知识流动是知识通过一定媒介和路径在知识主体间运动的过程,在知识流动的过程中实现了知识的共享和创造,知识流动是虚拟科技创新团队成败的关键。以成员作为节点,虚拟科技创新团队成员间相互联系、相互作用构成了知识网络,因此可利用知识网络的相关工具对知识流动进行分析。知识流动的研究对于虚拟科技创新团队的成功运作具有重要的意义。
本文对虚拟科技创新团队内部知识流动展开研究,主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:首先界定了虚拟科技创新团队的概念和内涵,分析了知识流动的过程和方式,讨论了知识网络的内涵、结构等相关内容,以此作为研究的理论基础。
在此基础上,分析了虚拟科技创新团队持续知识流动的条件,运用博弈论的方法,以知识转移效用函数为切入点,逐渐放宽条件,通过在基本的静态博弈、理性预期下的混合策略博弈、考虑到未来利益的重复博弈及演化博弈几个层面上的分析,系统研究了虚拟科技创新团队的知识流动的条件、稳定性和持续性;
运用结构方程模型通过理论分析和实证研究提出并验证了虚拟科技创新团队知识流动效率的主要影响因素和作用路径。知识流动效率包括知识流动的实际水平和知识流动产生的知识流量和存量变化两个方面,动力因素、条件因素、能力因素均会对其产生显著影响;并考虑到知识流动意愿作为动机性因素对知识流动的重要作用,对其相关影响因素做了单独分析;
分析了虚拟科技创新团队内部知识网络的知识流动效率测度模型,修正了V.Latora and M. Marchiori的效率测度模型。对虚拟科技创新团队知识流动效率的评价方法进行了研究,从知识流动水平、知识流量、知识存量增长三个维度构建了知识流动效率的评价指标体系,提出了采用能够有效处理不确定问题的D-S证据推理模型进行评价,详细讨论了应用证据理论进行知识流动效率评价的具体算法步骤。
从成员选择机制、组织制度和组织环境协同机制、成员知识流动能力和网络能力协同发展机制、激励机制、文化管理机制五个方面提出了促进虚拟科技创新团队知识流动的管理机制。提出了多级可拓综合评价的成员选择机制模型。分析了组织制度和组织环境的协同机制及耦合度的测度方法。提出成员知识流动能力和网络能力应协同发展,共同促进。基于网络结构视角对知识流动的激励机制进行了分析,为促进知识流动提供了激励方案。分析了虚拟科技创新团队知识流动的文化障碍并提出了对策建议。
论文的研究为促进虚拟科技创新团队的知识流动,进而为充分发挥其知识密集的优势,提高其科技创新能力和水平提供了参考和理论依据。
Along with the science and technology innovation project are becomingincreasingly complicated, the cross and fusion of various disciplines and areas, and atthe same time with the fast development of electronic information technology,science and technology innovation team gradually develops toward the direction ofthe network and virtualization, has the nature of the virtual team, and finally formedvirtual technology innovation team (VTIT). VTIT has become an organization formadopted widely, and it integrated advantage resources through creative task as thelink to span the obstacles of time, place and organization boundary. Facts proved thatit can not only solve funds, technology, talents and information that needed by thetechnical innovation, but also can improve participants’capacity of technologyinnovation, get technology, resource and so on various advantage. Knowledge flow isknowledge’s movement process between knowledge body through certain media andpath to realize knowledge sharing and creation. Knowledge flow is a key of successto VTIT. Members as nodes, VTIT forms a knowledge network by way of members’mutual connection and interaction, so the related tools available knowledge networkof knowledge flow analysis. The research on knowledge flow has the vitalsignificance to success operation of VTIT.
The paper researched on virtual technology innovation team internal knowledgeflow, the main research contents includes the following several aspects: Firstly, itdefines the concept and connotation of VTIT, analyzed of ways and process ofknowledge flow, discusses the connotation, structure and other related content ofknowledge network, as the theoretical basis of this research.
On this basis, it used game theory to study the conditions, stability andsustainability of knowledge flow in VTIT. Putting emphasis on the main factorsinfluencing knowledge transfer, such as transfer effect, system factors, team size andso on, it takes knowledge transfer utility function as breakthrough point to analyzethe problems on the basic static games level, mixed strategies games level under theexistence of rational expectations, repeated games level in which the future interestsis considered and evolutionary game gradually relaxing restriction.
By using the SEM, it proposed and proved knowledge flow efficiency’s maininfluence factors and pathway in VTIT through the theoretical analysis and empiricalstudy. Knowledge flow efficiency including knowledge flows actual level,knowledge flows and stock change two aspects. The power factors, the conditionfactors and the ability factors all have significant impact on it. Considering theimportant role of knowledge flow’s intention as motivation factors, it analyzed of itsrelevant influence factors separately.
It analyzed of knowledge flow efficiency’s measure model of internalknowledge network within VTIT, and fixed the model by V. Latora and M. Marchiori.Researched on the evaluation method of knowledge flow efficiency of VTIT,constructed evaluation index system from knowledge flow level, knowledge flowsand knowledge stock growth three dimensions, and puts forward D-S evidencereasoning model for evaluation which can effective treat uncertainty, and discussesthe specific algorithm steps of evidence theory’s application for knowledge flowefficiency evaluation.
Finally, it proposed management mechanism to promote knowledge flow inVTIT from member-selection decision mechanism, coordination mechanism oforganizational system and organizational environment, coordination mechanism ofmembers’network capacity and knowledge flow capacity, motivation mechanismand cultural management mechanism five aspects. It putted forward multilevelextensive comprehensive evaluation for member-selection decision. It analyzed ofcoupling degree’s measure method of organizational system and organizationalenvironment and introduced that members’knowledge flow ability and networkcapability should be coordinated development and promote each other. It analyzed ofmotivation mechanism for knowledge flow within internal network based on networkstructure visual angle and cultural obstacle to knowledge flow of VTIT, came up withthe countermeasures and proposals.
The research provides reference and theory basis for promoting knowledge flowin VTIT, to bring knowledge dense advantage into full play and improve itstechnology innovation ability.
本文对虚拟科技创新团队内部知识流动展开研究,主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:首先界定了虚拟科技创新团队的概念和内涵,分析了知识流动的过程和方式,讨论了知识网络的内涵、结构等相关内容,以此作为研究的理论基础。
在此基础上,分析了虚拟科技创新团队持续知识流动的条件,运用博弈论的方法,以知识转移效用函数为切入点,逐渐放宽条件,通过在基本的静态博弈、理性预期下的混合策略博弈、考虑到未来利益的重复博弈及演化博弈几个层面上的分析,系统研究了虚拟科技创新团队的知识流动的条件、稳定性和持续性;
运用结构方程模型通过理论分析和实证研究提出并验证了虚拟科技创新团队知识流动效率的主要影响因素和作用路径。知识流动效率包括知识流动的实际水平和知识流动产生的知识流量和存量变化两个方面,动力因素、条件因素、能力因素均会对其产生显著影响;并考虑到知识流动意愿作为动机性因素对知识流动的重要作用,对其相关影响因素做了单独分析;
分析了虚拟科技创新团队内部知识网络的知识流动效率测度模型,修正了V.Latora and M. Marchiori的效率测度模型。对虚拟科技创新团队知识流动效率的评价方法进行了研究,从知识流动水平、知识流量、知识存量增长三个维度构建了知识流动效率的评价指标体系,提出了采用能够有效处理不确定问题的D-S证据推理模型进行评价,详细讨论了应用证据理论进行知识流动效率评价的具体算法步骤。
从成员选择机制、组织制度和组织环境协同机制、成员知识流动能力和网络能力协同发展机制、激励机制、文化管理机制五个方面提出了促进虚拟科技创新团队知识流动的管理机制。提出了多级可拓综合评价的成员选择机制模型。分析了组织制度和组织环境的协同机制及耦合度的测度方法。提出成员知识流动能力和网络能力应协同发展,共同促进。基于网络结构视角对知识流动的激励机制进行了分析,为促进知识流动提供了激励方案。分析了虚拟科技创新团队知识流动的文化障碍并提出了对策建议。
论文的研究为促进虚拟科技创新团队的知识流动,进而为充分发挥其知识密集的优势,提高其科技创新能力和水平提供了参考和理论依据。
Along with the science and technology innovation project are becomingincreasingly complicated, the cross and fusion of various disciplines and areas, and atthe same time with the fast development of electronic information technology,science and technology innovation team gradually develops toward the direction ofthe network and virtualization, has the nature of the virtual team, and finally formedvirtual technology innovation team (VTIT). VTIT has become an organization formadopted widely, and it integrated advantage resources through creative task as thelink to span the obstacles of time, place and organization boundary. Facts proved thatit can not only solve funds, technology, talents and information that needed by thetechnical innovation, but also can improve participants’capacity of technologyinnovation, get technology, resource and so on various advantage. Knowledge flow isknowledge’s movement process between knowledge body through certain media andpath to realize knowledge sharing and creation. Knowledge flow is a key of successto VTIT. Members as nodes, VTIT forms a knowledge network by way of members’mutual connection and interaction, so the related tools available knowledge networkof knowledge flow analysis. The research on knowledge flow has the vitalsignificance to success operation of VTIT.
The paper researched on virtual technology innovation team internal knowledgeflow, the main research contents includes the following several aspects: Firstly, itdefines the concept and connotation of VTIT, analyzed of ways and process ofknowledge flow, discusses the connotation, structure and other related content ofknowledge network, as the theoretical basis of this research.
On this basis, it used game theory to study the conditions, stability andsustainability of knowledge flow in VTIT. Putting emphasis on the main factorsinfluencing knowledge transfer, such as transfer effect, system factors, team size andso on, it takes knowledge transfer utility function as breakthrough point to analyzethe problems on the basic static games level, mixed strategies games level under theexistence of rational expectations, repeated games level in which the future interestsis considered and evolutionary game gradually relaxing restriction.
By using the SEM, it proposed and proved knowledge flow efficiency’s maininfluence factors and pathway in VTIT through the theoretical analysis and empiricalstudy. Knowledge flow efficiency including knowledge flows actual level,knowledge flows and stock change two aspects. The power factors, the conditionfactors and the ability factors all have significant impact on it. Considering theimportant role of knowledge flow’s intention as motivation factors, it analyzed of itsrelevant influence factors separately.
It analyzed of knowledge flow efficiency’s measure model of internalknowledge network within VTIT, and fixed the model by V. Latora and M. Marchiori.Researched on the evaluation method of knowledge flow efficiency of VTIT,constructed evaluation index system from knowledge flow level, knowledge flowsand knowledge stock growth three dimensions, and puts forward D-S evidencereasoning model for evaluation which can effective treat uncertainty, and discussesthe specific algorithm steps of evidence theory’s application for knowledge flowefficiency evaluation.
Finally, it proposed management mechanism to promote knowledge flow inVTIT from member-selection decision mechanism, coordination mechanism oforganizational system and organizational environment, coordination mechanism ofmembers’network capacity and knowledge flow capacity, motivation mechanismand cultural management mechanism five aspects. It putted forward multilevelextensive comprehensive evaluation for member-selection decision. It analyzed ofcoupling degree’s measure method of organizational system and organizationalenvironment and introduced that members’knowledge flow ability and networkcapability should be coordinated development and promote each other. It analyzed ofmotivation mechanism for knowledge flow within internal network based on networkstructure visual angle and cultural obstacle to knowledge flow of VTIT, came up withthe countermeasures and proposals.
The research provides reference and theory basis for promoting knowledge flowin VTIT, to bring knowledge dense advantage into full play and improve itstechnology innovation ability.
引文
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