银行承兑汇票法律研究
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摘要
随着市场经济和国际贸易的发展，特别是中国加入WTO以后，银行承兑汇票作为一种流通支付工具，其作用显得越来越重要。银行承兑汇票是我国对汇票进行特殊分类而存在的一种商业汇票。近年来，银行承兑汇票正以其特有的优势迅速推广使用，但随着银行承兑汇票业务的扩展，其存在的问题也日益显露，这就急需对银行承兑汇票的法律制度进行研究，从法治高度保障其流通和使用。
银行承兑汇票是一种特殊的汇票，它具有票据的一般特征和功能，同时，在法律属性上又具有其特殊性，即其法律性质是银行以其信用参与债的履行的一种有价证券。
银行承兑汇票当事人的权利包括票据权利与票据法上的权利，当事人权利义务关系的有效成立，必须基于票据行为。票据当事人即票据法律关系的主体，是基于票据行为而享有权利、承担义务的票据法律关系的参加者，以是否随出票行为而出现为标准，票据当事人可分为基本当事人和非基本当事人，他们的权利义务分别构成一个权利和义务体系，即银行承兑汇票基本当事人之间的权利义务体系与银行承兑汇票非基本当事人的权利义务体系。
因对银行承兑汇票的无因性、使用人范围、涂销、独立性和操作流程有不同的理解并在相关的法律法规上存在法律冲突，使得银行承兑汇票在流通和使用中存在各种风险。为了保障银行承兑汇票功能的发挥，笔者认为，银行承兑汇票法律制度有待于立法上的不断完善，并应注重在有关银行承兑汇票的权利冲突纠纷处理中，发挥司法救济功能。
With the development of the market economy and the international trade, specially after China joined in WTO, the function of banker's acceptance bill becomes more and more important as an instrument of payment and circulation. The banker's acceptance bill is a trade bill by the special classification to the bill of exchange in our country. In recent years, the banker's acceptance bill spreads quickly for its special advantage. But with the expansion of the business of the banker's acceptance bill, its problems are exposed apparently day by day. It's urgent to study the legal system of the banker's acceptance bill. We'd guarantee its circulation and use by the high principle of rule of law.
The banker's acceptance bill is a special kind of the bill of exchange, having the common characters and functions as an instrument. Meanwhile in its legal property it has its specialty, i.e, its legal essence is a kind of valuable security whose debt the bank takes part in performing on its credit.
The rights of the parties' in the banker's acceptance bill includes instrument rights and the rights stipulated by the commercial instrument act. The effective establishment of the jural relation between the parties must base itself on their act on the commercial instrument. The instrument parties——the subjects in the instrument jural relation, are the relation participants who enjoy the rights and assume the obligations according to their act on the commercial instrument. The parties can be divided into the basic parties and the non-basic parties by the criterion whether they appear with the act of draft. A jural system consists of their
rights and obligations, i. e, the system of the jural relation between the basic parties and a system of the jural relation between the non-basic parties.
There're different understands in the abstract character, the scope of the users, the obliteration, the independence and the operative procedure about the bankers acceptance bill, and the legal confliction among the related laws and legal confliction among the related laws and regulations, which makes the banker's acceptance bill face every kind of risk in the course of its circulation and use. In order to guarantee the exertion of the banker's acceptance bill's function, the author deems the legal system of the banker's acceptance bill should be perfected in creasing in the legislation and the function of judicial relief should be valued in the resolving of the conflicting disputes about bill rights.
银行承兑汇票是一种特殊的汇票，它具有票据的一般特征和功能，同时，在法律属性上又具有其特殊性，即其法律性质是银行以其信用参与债的履行的一种有价证券。
银行承兑汇票当事人的权利包括票据权利与票据法上的权利，当事人权利义务关系的有效成立，必须基于票据行为。票据当事人即票据法律关系的主体，是基于票据行为而享有权利、承担义务的票据法律关系的参加者，以是否随出票行为而出现为标准，票据当事人可分为基本当事人和非基本当事人，他们的权利义务分别构成一个权利和义务体系，即银行承兑汇票基本当事人之间的权利义务体系与银行承兑汇票非基本当事人的权利义务体系。
因对银行承兑汇票的无因性、使用人范围、涂销、独立性和操作流程有不同的理解并在相关的法律法规上存在法律冲突，使得银行承兑汇票在流通和使用中存在各种风险。为了保障银行承兑汇票功能的发挥，笔者认为，银行承兑汇票法律制度有待于立法上的不断完善，并应注重在有关银行承兑汇票的权利冲突纠纷处理中，发挥司法救济功能。
With the development of the market economy and the international trade, specially after China joined in WTO, the function of banker's acceptance bill becomes more and more important as an instrument of payment and circulation. The banker's acceptance bill is a trade bill by the special classification to the bill of exchange in our country. In recent years, the banker's acceptance bill spreads quickly for its special advantage. But with the expansion of the business of the banker's acceptance bill, its problems are exposed apparently day by day. It's urgent to study the legal system of the banker's acceptance bill. We'd guarantee its circulation and use by the high principle of rule of law.
The banker's acceptance bill is a special kind of the bill of exchange, having the common characters and functions as an instrument. Meanwhile in its legal property it has its specialty, i.e, its legal essence is a kind of valuable security whose debt the bank takes part in performing on its credit.
The rights of the parties' in the banker's acceptance bill includes instrument rights and the rights stipulated by the commercial instrument act. The effective establishment of the jural relation between the parties must base itself on their act on the commercial instrument. The instrument parties——the subjects in the instrument jural relation, are the relation participants who enjoy the rights and assume the obligations according to their act on the commercial instrument. The parties can be divided into the basic parties and the non-basic parties by the criterion whether they appear with the act of draft. A jural system consists of their
rights and obligations, i. e, the system of the jural relation between the basic parties and a system of the jural relation between the non-basic parties.
There're different understands in the abstract character, the scope of the users, the obliteration, the independence and the operative procedure about the bankers acceptance bill, and the legal confliction among the related laws and legal confliction among the related laws and regulations, which makes the banker's acceptance bill face every kind of risk in the course of its circulation and use. In order to guarantee the exertion of the banker's acceptance bill's function, the author deems the legal system of the banker's acceptance bill should be perfected in creasing in the legislation and the function of judicial relief should be valued in the resolving of the conflicting disputes about bill rights.
引文
1．赵威主编，《国际票据法理论与实务》，中国政治大学出版社，1995
年版。
2．姜建初、章烈华著，《票据法》，人民法院出版社，1998年版。
3．董翠香编著，《票据法》，上海人民出版社，2001年版。
4．强力著，《金融法》，上海人民出版社，1997年版。
5．江平主编，《民法学》，中国政法大学出版社，1999年版。
6．王文彩主编，《担保与银行实务》，警官教育出版社，1992年版。
7．《金融法律实务指南》编写组编写，《金融法律实务指南》，人民
出版社，1996年版。
8．吴志攀、程家瑞主编，《海峡两岸银行法律实务论坛》，法律出版
社，1999年版。
9．法苑精华编委会编《中国商法学精华》，（2001年卷），机械工业
出版社2001年版。
10．谢杯栻著，《票据法概论》，法律出版社，1990年版。
11．林咏荣著，《商事法新论》(下),东海大学商法从书，1987年版。
12．王小能著，《票据法叙程》，北京大学出版社，1994年版。
13．梁宇贤著，《票据法理论与实用》，五南图书出版社公司,1971年
版。
14．李玉泉主编，《中国商事法论》，武汉大学出版社，1995年版。
15．赵新华著，《票据法论》，吉林大学出版社，1998年版。
16．[日]服部荣三，《手形行为与民法》，青林书院，1969年版。
17．[台]梁宇贤，《票据法理论与实用》（上），五南图书出版社公
司，1971年版。
18，[英]杜德莱·理查延著，李广英译，《流通票据及票据法入门》，
上海人民出版社，1983年版。
年版。
2．姜建初、章烈华著，《票据法》，人民法院出版社，1998年版。
3．董翠香编著，《票据法》，上海人民出版社，2001年版。
4．强力著，《金融法》，上海人民出版社，1997年版。
5．江平主编，《民法学》，中国政法大学出版社，1999年版。
6．王文彩主编，《担保与银行实务》，警官教育出版社，1992年版。
7．《金融法律实务指南》编写组编写，《金融法律实务指南》，人民
出版社，1996年版。
8．吴志攀、程家瑞主编，《海峡两岸银行法律实务论坛》，法律出版
社，1999年版。
9．法苑精华编委会编《中国商法学精华》，（2001年卷），机械工业
出版社2001年版。
10．谢杯栻著，《票据法概论》，法律出版社，1990年版。
11．林咏荣著，《商事法新论》(下),东海大学商法从书，1987年版。
12．王小能著，《票据法叙程》，北京大学出版社，1994年版。
13．梁宇贤著，《票据法理论与实用》，五南图书出版社公司,1971年
版。
14．李玉泉主编，《中国商事法论》，武汉大学出版社，1995年版。
15．赵新华著，《票据法论》，吉林大学出版社，1998年版。
16．[日]服部荣三，《手形行为与民法》，青林书院，1969年版。
17．[台]梁宇贤，《票据法理论与实用》（上），五南图书出版社公
司，1971年版。
18，[英]杜德莱·理查延著，李广英译，《流通票据及票据法入门》，
上海人民出版社，1983年版。