松潘—甘孜及龙门山地区碎屑沉积岩地球化学研究
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摘要
松潘-甘孜地块与龙门山地区位于扬子克拉通西缘,特提斯-喜马拉雅造山带之东缘,它是东西向横贯中国大陆的中央造山系与南北向川滇—贺兰构造带的交汇区,因此关于这一地区与扬子、华北板块的构造关系上还存在诸多争论,针对这些问题,本文对松潘-甘孜地块与龙门山地区的前寒武系-三叠系碎屑沉积岩的进行了系统的地球化学研究。
该区碎屑沉积岩均属杂砂岩与长石砂岩,其物源上是镁铁质、长英质、石英加碳酸盐胶结物的混合物。REE分布型式显示从前寒武系到三叠系稀土总量增高、负Eu异常趋于明显,反映了源区壳内分异作用的不断加强。研究区内各时代地层的微量元素比值接近扬子板块及南、北秦岭上地壳,而与华北板块有明显差异。
样品Nd模式年龄分布在1.6-2.4Ga之间,峰值2.0Ga左右,年龄直方图分布特征类似于扬子克拉通及南、北秦岭,而完全不同于华北克拉通,从而证明物源区主要是扬子克拉通西缘。三叠系碎屑沉积岩的ε _(Nd)(t)同位素组成的空间分布特征说明北、东是剥蚀区,西、南为深水沉积区。
通过SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS对研究区碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb定年研究,分析结果表明锆石U-Pb年龄集中于1400-600Ma,特别是900-700Ma,这一时间段正是扬子板块西缘强烈增生的主要阶段,而华北板块没有相应的年龄记录。2800-2200Ma的古老锆石反映了扬子板块基底的形成。但由于扬子板块基底曾经历了复杂的板内构造运动,只有少量锆石年龄反映了这一阶段。年龄为2200-1400Ma的锆石主要来自秦岭微陆块,新元古代-三叠纪期间的锆石则主要来自秦岭造山带和扬子板块西缘及北缘。三叠纪强烈的构造运动—印支碰撞造山运动,使扬子板块基底及新生地壳物质抬升、剥蚀,并最终沉积于现今的扬子板块西缘。另外,中三叠世秦岭造山带形成,华北板块不可能跨过秦岭向松潘-甘孜地块大量输送物质。
松潘-甘孜地块与龙门山地区是在扬子克拉通的基础上发展而成的构造单元。扬子板块西缘及秦岭微陆块是松潘-甘孜地块与龙门山地区碎屑沉积岩的源区。
The Ganzi-Songpan block and the Longmen mountains connect the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and western margin of the Yangtze block, respectively, which is the junction of the Central-China Orogenic Chain and the Sichuan-Yunnan-Helan Tectonic Belt. Therefore the tectonic affinity and relations with the Yangtze and the North China blocks have been debated. Clastic sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian to Triassic are studied systematically in this paper.The rocks are classified into graywacke and arkose, whose material source should be a mixture of mafic rocks, felsic rocks and quartzs+calcites. The total REE contents of the rocks increase gradually and the negative Eu anomaly become more evident from the Precambrian to Triassic rocks, which may imply intensifying crustal fractionation. The ratios of trace elements show affinity with Yangtze block and Qinling Orogeny.The Nd isotopic study shows that the Nd model ages range between 1.6Ga and 2.4Ga, peaked at 2.0Ga. The histogram of Nd model ages is similar to that of the Yangtze craton, Southern Qinling and Northern Qinling and quite different from that of the North China craton. Therefore, the sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen mountains were mainly from the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Spatial distribution of initial Nd isotopic compositions indicates that denudating areas were in east and north, and depositing areas of deep water were in west and south of the Ganzi-Songpan basin during Triassic.The detrital zircons from the sedimentary rocks were dated through SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS. The result shows that the detrital zircon U-Pb ages concentrate in 1400 to 600Ma, especially 900-700 Ma,which was the most intensive crustal growth stage in western margin of the Yangtze block. But, tectonic and magmatic events of 1000-700Ma have not been identified yet in North China block. Dated oldest detrital zircons indicate that the Yangtze block started forming its framework during period of 2800-2200Ma. Because the basement of the Yangtze block experienced numerous intra-crustal processes, the oldest basement components only account for ~8% of the provenance components. The detrital zircon ages of 2200-1400Ma indicate contribution of the Qinling micro-plate. The Neoproterozic to Triassic ages of detrital zircon grains suggest derivation from the Qinling Orogeny and the western and northern margin of Yangtze block. The Triassic tectonic movement was the most intensive and extensive, i.e. the Indosinian collisional orogeny movement, which led to exhumation of basements of the Yangtze block and nascent crustal components and their shedding off to present-day west of the Yangze block. Furthermore, the Qinling Orogen formed in Middle Triassic, and it was impossible to get sediment from the North China craton.The Ganzi-Songpan block and the Longmen Mountains are part of the Yangtze
block. The western and northern margins of the Yangtze block as well as the Qinling micro-plate were the sources of sediments in the Songpan-Ganzi block and the Longmen Mountains.
该区碎屑沉积岩均属杂砂岩与长石砂岩,其物源上是镁铁质、长英质、石英加碳酸盐胶结物的混合物。REE分布型式显示从前寒武系到三叠系稀土总量增高、负Eu异常趋于明显,反映了源区壳内分异作用的不断加强。研究区内各时代地层的微量元素比值接近扬子板块及南、北秦岭上地壳,而与华北板块有明显差异。
样品Nd模式年龄分布在1.6-2.4Ga之间,峰值2.0Ga左右,年龄直方图分布特征类似于扬子克拉通及南、北秦岭,而完全不同于华北克拉通,从而证明物源区主要是扬子克拉通西缘。三叠系碎屑沉积岩的ε _(Nd)(t)同位素组成的空间分布特征说明北、东是剥蚀区,西、南为深水沉积区。
通过SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS对研究区碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb定年研究,分析结果表明锆石U-Pb年龄集中于1400-600Ma,特别是900-700Ma,这一时间段正是扬子板块西缘强烈增生的主要阶段,而华北板块没有相应的年龄记录。2800-2200Ma的古老锆石反映了扬子板块基底的形成。但由于扬子板块基底曾经历了复杂的板内构造运动,只有少量锆石年龄反映了这一阶段。年龄为2200-1400Ma的锆石主要来自秦岭微陆块,新元古代-三叠纪期间的锆石则主要来自秦岭造山带和扬子板块西缘及北缘。三叠纪强烈的构造运动—印支碰撞造山运动,使扬子板块基底及新生地壳物质抬升、剥蚀,并最终沉积于现今的扬子板块西缘。另外,中三叠世秦岭造山带形成,华北板块不可能跨过秦岭向松潘-甘孜地块大量输送物质。
松潘-甘孜地块与龙门山地区是在扬子克拉通的基础上发展而成的构造单元。扬子板块西缘及秦岭微陆块是松潘-甘孜地块与龙门山地区碎屑沉积岩的源区。
The Ganzi-Songpan block and the Longmen mountains connect the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and western margin of the Yangtze block, respectively, which is the junction of the Central-China Orogenic Chain and the Sichuan-Yunnan-Helan Tectonic Belt. Therefore the tectonic affinity and relations with the Yangtze and the North China blocks have been debated. Clastic sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian to Triassic are studied systematically in this paper.The rocks are classified into graywacke and arkose, whose material source should be a mixture of mafic rocks, felsic rocks and quartzs+calcites. The total REE contents of the rocks increase gradually and the negative Eu anomaly become more evident from the Precambrian to Triassic rocks, which may imply intensifying crustal fractionation. The ratios of trace elements show affinity with Yangtze block and Qinling Orogeny.The Nd isotopic study shows that the Nd model ages range between 1.6Ga and 2.4Ga, peaked at 2.0Ga. The histogram of Nd model ages is similar to that of the Yangtze craton, Southern Qinling and Northern Qinling and quite different from that of the North China craton. Therefore, the sedimentary rocks in the Ganzi-Songpan block and Longmen mountains were mainly from the western margin of the Yangtze craton. Spatial distribution of initial Nd isotopic compositions indicates that denudating areas were in east and north, and depositing areas of deep water were in west and south of the Ganzi-Songpan basin during Triassic.The detrital zircons from the sedimentary rocks were dated through SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS. The result shows that the detrital zircon U-Pb ages concentrate in 1400 to 600Ma, especially 900-700 Ma,which was the most intensive crustal growth stage in western margin of the Yangtze block. But, tectonic and magmatic events of 1000-700Ma have not been identified yet in North China block. Dated oldest detrital zircons indicate that the Yangtze block started forming its framework during period of 2800-2200Ma. Because the basement of the Yangtze block experienced numerous intra-crustal processes, the oldest basement components only account for ~8% of the provenance components. The detrital zircon ages of 2200-1400Ma indicate contribution of the Qinling micro-plate. The Neoproterozic to Triassic ages of detrital zircon grains suggest derivation from the Qinling Orogeny and the western and northern margin of Yangtze block. The Triassic tectonic movement was the most intensive and extensive, i.e. the Indosinian collisional orogeny movement, which led to exhumation of basements of the Yangtze block and nascent crustal components and their shedding off to present-day west of the Yangze block. Furthermore, the Qinling Orogen formed in Middle Triassic, and it was impossible to get sediment from the North China craton.The Ganzi-Songpan block and the Longmen Mountains are part of the Yangtze
block. The western and northern margins of the Yangtze block as well as the Qinling micro-plate were the sources of sediments in the Songpan-Ganzi block and the Longmen Mountains.
引文
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