电信设备制造企业产品生态设计实现机理研究
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摘要
电信设备制造业是信息产业的支柱行业。随着通讯业的快速发展,人类信息的交互量在不断地攀升,信息需求也从单一的语音传送,发展到对数据、图像和音频同步传输的渴望。信息产品的规模化生产,在满足人类日益增长的信息需求的同时,也带来了更多的环境问题,例如：能源消耗不断加大,废旧产品不断丢弃,给人类生活的家园带来了持续增长的环境压力。在未来的五到十年内,信息产品的环境绩效将成为衡量信息产业可持续发展的重要指标之一。
国外发达国家信息产品环境绩效管理的实践已经证明：在产品设计阶段,将产品使用过程中的环境影响加以充分地考虑和实现,是完全可以降低产品对环境的影响,从而缓解企业大规模生产所带来的环境问题,帮助设备制造者履行社会责任。其中,生态设计(Eco-design)可以帮助企业认识到环境危机的紧迫性；可以帮助企业通过设计理念的创新,实现信息产品与自然的和谐共生；也可以帮助企业从源头提高产品的环境绩效,实现经济效益和环境效益的双丰收。
我国电信设备制造企业生态设计起步较晚,生态设计实现能力与国外领先企业相比较,有着显著的差距。本文以中国电信设备制造企业为研究对象,基于理论研究和领先企业生态设计现状的多案例分析,构建了生态设计实现机理的概念模型。通过统计学方法的实证研究,剖析了内外部驱动因素和生态设计因子之间的关系,通过灰数DEMATEL方法,提出了企业进行生态设计的三个关键途径。本文对生态设计实现机理的研究以期为我国信息产业向环境友好型、可持续发展型转变提供有益的参考。
首先,本文基于生态设计的产生和发展,对电信设备制造企业的生态设计概念进行了界定；通过多案例分析和相关生态设计理论研究,构建了生态设计实现机理的概念模型,该模型对构成生态设计的驱动机理和实现途径的关键要素以及要素之间的关系进行了抽取和总结。
其次,本文在问卷调查的基础上,借助SPSS统计学软件对生态设计的驱动机理进行了实证研究。基于概念模型构建外部动力和内部需求动力的研究假设,采用描述性统计分析、因子分析、回归分析、聚类分析和ANOVA分析进行假设检验。研究结果表明：
(1)法律法规、行业标准和市场竞争对电信设备制造企业的生态设计具有正向作用；
(2)不同类型的电信设备制造企业生态设计水平存在着差异,这种差异源于企业内部资源和能力的差异。
最后,本文借助灰数DEMATEL方法对生态设计的实现途径进行了实证研究。采用理论和电信设备制造企业生态设计专家经验相结合的方法,识别出电信设备制造企业生态设计的主要因素。基于DEMATEL方法,建立了生态设计因素之间的影响矩阵,通过引入灰数区间数解决了数据模糊性的问题。通过典型电信设备制造企业的研究,对生态设计因素进行了因果关系分析和敏感性分析。根据因果关系的原因因素、结果因素和中心度,提出了生态设计实现的长期、短期和重点的三个关键途径。
The telecommunication manufacturing industry is one of the critical segments in the Chinese IT industry. Following the rapid growth of today's telecommunication business, the information exchanged in our society drastically increases and the trend does not seem to stop. Currently, people are not satisfied with the voice-only communication. They expect that the communication can take place anywhere at any time in the multi-media format, including voice, data, image, video, etc. Based on all the innovations, in the past two decades, the multi-media communication has become a reality with affordable cost. Unfortunately, while manufactures produce more and more equipments to satisfy the market demands, the massive production results in tremendous damages to our living environmentdue to increasing energy consumption and discarded end-of-life products. It is anticipated that, in the next five to ten years, the environmental performance of telecommunication products will be one of the most important indicators to measure sustainable development of the telecommunication industry in China.
According to the studies on environmental management practices for performance improvement in the developed countries, it is demonstrated that incorporating environmental performance requirements into telecommunication product design and production phase can definitely minimize environmental impact of products during their whole life cycles and benefit manufacturers to improve their social image. The concept of the eco-design driven system can allow manufacturers to recognize the urgency of environmental crisis and then assist them to harmonize the human living environment and the natural environment through increasing awareness and technology innovation. Thus, manufactures can eventually be able to gain benefits from the environmental performance to achieve the win-win situation.
The eco-design of products in telecommunication equipment manufacturing companies in our country started late, and the realization capabilities of eco-design have a big gap compared to leading companies in developed countries. This study area is about the Chinese telecommunication equipment manufacturing industry. Based on the theoretic analysis and multi-cases studies, an eco-design realizing concept model is developed. Through empirical research, it identifies the relationship between factors of eco-design practices and external/internal drivers. By using the grey DEMATEL method, it classifies factors of eco-design practices, and then develops three crucial measures to realize eco-design. Results of the research could hopefully deliver valuable reference in the transformation toward an environmental friendly model to ensure sustainable growth in the telecommunication manufacturing industry in China.
Firstly, based on the development of eco-design, the research defines the eco-design concept specifically to telecommunication equipment manufacturing companies. By analyzing the basic research of eco-design theory and the typical cases, it develops the eco-design concept model which is used to study the driving and realizing mechanism of eco-design for the companies.
Secondly, the empirical research begins with items development for the questionnaire survey. According to the conceptual model, several hypotheses are developed. Using SPSS 13.0, this study analyzes the driving mechanism of eco-design by adopting the descriptive statistics analysis, the factor analysis, the regression analysis, the cluster analysis, and the ANOVA analysis. The statistic results indicate that:(1) laws and regulations, industry standards and the competition market have positive effect on eco-design practices; (2) the eco-design capability varies among the telecommunication manufacturing companies due to differences of their internal resources and competence.
Lastly, this thesis adopts the grey DEMATEL method to study the realizing measures of eco-design. Based on the theories and experience of eco-design experts in telecommunication manufacturing industry, this thesis identifies factors of eco-design in a typical company. A cause-effect matrix of the eco-designing factors is developed to do the cause-effect analysis and the sensitivity analysis. By introducing the grey numbering range, it resolves the numeric fuzzy issue. According to the cause factors, the result factors and the centrality, the research concludes the long-term, short-term, and essential measures of eco-design.
国外发达国家信息产品环境绩效管理的实践已经证明：在产品设计阶段,将产品使用过程中的环境影响加以充分地考虑和实现,是完全可以降低产品对环境的影响,从而缓解企业大规模生产所带来的环境问题,帮助设备制造者履行社会责任。其中,生态设计(Eco-design)可以帮助企业认识到环境危机的紧迫性；可以帮助企业通过设计理念的创新,实现信息产品与自然的和谐共生；也可以帮助企业从源头提高产品的环境绩效,实现经济效益和环境效益的双丰收。
我国电信设备制造企业生态设计起步较晚,生态设计实现能力与国外领先企业相比较,有着显著的差距。本文以中国电信设备制造企业为研究对象,基于理论研究和领先企业生态设计现状的多案例分析,构建了生态设计实现机理的概念模型。通过统计学方法的实证研究,剖析了内外部驱动因素和生态设计因子之间的关系,通过灰数DEMATEL方法,提出了企业进行生态设计的三个关键途径。本文对生态设计实现机理的研究以期为我国信息产业向环境友好型、可持续发展型转变提供有益的参考。
首先,本文基于生态设计的产生和发展,对电信设备制造企业的生态设计概念进行了界定；通过多案例分析和相关生态设计理论研究,构建了生态设计实现机理的概念模型,该模型对构成生态设计的驱动机理和实现途径的关键要素以及要素之间的关系进行了抽取和总结。
其次,本文在问卷调查的基础上,借助SPSS统计学软件对生态设计的驱动机理进行了实证研究。基于概念模型构建外部动力和内部需求动力的研究假设,采用描述性统计分析、因子分析、回归分析、聚类分析和ANOVA分析进行假设检验。研究结果表明：
(1)法律法规、行业标准和市场竞争对电信设备制造企业的生态设计具有正向作用；
(2)不同类型的电信设备制造企业生态设计水平存在着差异,这种差异源于企业内部资源和能力的差异。
最后,本文借助灰数DEMATEL方法对生态设计的实现途径进行了实证研究。采用理论和电信设备制造企业生态设计专家经验相结合的方法,识别出电信设备制造企业生态设计的主要因素。基于DEMATEL方法,建立了生态设计因素之间的影响矩阵,通过引入灰数区间数解决了数据模糊性的问题。通过典型电信设备制造企业的研究,对生态设计因素进行了因果关系分析和敏感性分析。根据因果关系的原因因素、结果因素和中心度,提出了生态设计实现的长期、短期和重点的三个关键途径。
The telecommunication manufacturing industry is one of the critical segments in the Chinese IT industry. Following the rapid growth of today's telecommunication business, the information exchanged in our society drastically increases and the trend does not seem to stop. Currently, people are not satisfied with the voice-only communication. They expect that the communication can take place anywhere at any time in the multi-media format, including voice, data, image, video, etc. Based on all the innovations, in the past two decades, the multi-media communication has become a reality with affordable cost. Unfortunately, while manufactures produce more and more equipments to satisfy the market demands, the massive production results in tremendous damages to our living environmentdue to increasing energy consumption and discarded end-of-life products. It is anticipated that, in the next five to ten years, the environmental performance of telecommunication products will be one of the most important indicators to measure sustainable development of the telecommunication industry in China.
According to the studies on environmental management practices for performance improvement in the developed countries, it is demonstrated that incorporating environmental performance requirements into telecommunication product design and production phase can definitely minimize environmental impact of products during their whole life cycles and benefit manufacturers to improve their social image. The concept of the eco-design driven system can allow manufacturers to recognize the urgency of environmental crisis and then assist them to harmonize the human living environment and the natural environment through increasing awareness and technology innovation. Thus, manufactures can eventually be able to gain benefits from the environmental performance to achieve the win-win situation.
The eco-design of products in telecommunication equipment manufacturing companies in our country started late, and the realization capabilities of eco-design have a big gap compared to leading companies in developed countries. This study area is about the Chinese telecommunication equipment manufacturing industry. Based on the theoretic analysis and multi-cases studies, an eco-design realizing concept model is developed. Through empirical research, it identifies the relationship between factors of eco-design practices and external/internal drivers. By using the grey DEMATEL method, it classifies factors of eco-design practices, and then develops three crucial measures to realize eco-design. Results of the research could hopefully deliver valuable reference in the transformation toward an environmental friendly model to ensure sustainable growth in the telecommunication manufacturing industry in China.
Firstly, based on the development of eco-design, the research defines the eco-design concept specifically to telecommunication equipment manufacturing companies. By analyzing the basic research of eco-design theory and the typical cases, it develops the eco-design concept model which is used to study the driving and realizing mechanism of eco-design for the companies.
Secondly, the empirical research begins with items development for the questionnaire survey. According to the conceptual model, several hypotheses are developed. Using SPSS 13.0, this study analyzes the driving mechanism of eco-design by adopting the descriptive statistics analysis, the factor analysis, the regression analysis, the cluster analysis, and the ANOVA analysis. The statistic results indicate that:(1) laws and regulations, industry standards and the competition market have positive effect on eco-design practices; (2) the eco-design capability varies among the telecommunication manufacturing companies due to differences of their internal resources and competence.
Lastly, this thesis adopts the grey DEMATEL method to study the realizing measures of eco-design. Based on the theories and experience of eco-design experts in telecommunication manufacturing industry, this thesis identifies factors of eco-design in a typical company. A cause-effect matrix of the eco-designing factors is developed to do the cause-effect analysis and the sensitivity analysis. By introducing the grey numbering range, it resolves the numeric fuzzy issue. According to the cause factors, the result factors and the centrality, the research concludes the long-term, short-term, and essential measures of eco-design.
引文
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