不同核用银杏无性系产量和品质差异研究
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摘要
银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)是银杏目现存的唯一植物,具有极高的经济价值和科研价值。本研究对五大类中10个银杏核用无性系叶片的光合和生理特性及种核产量和品质(种实性状、种核内含物)进行了系统研究,得出了各性状和成分的相关性及变异情况,采用模糊数学隶属函数法综合评价出较优的核用银杏无性系,并从银杏叶片的光合和生理方面对所评出的较优无性系进行了分析。主要研究结果如下:
1) 10个银杏无性系单株产量的变异系数最大,超过了30%;种仁中营养成分变异系数为脂肪含量>可溶性蛋白含量>直链淀粉含量>黄酮含量>可溶性糖含量,淀粉、支链淀粉、内酯含量的变异系数则相对较小;种实性状的变异系数由大到小的顺序为单果重、种仁重、单核重、种仁厚、出核率、仁形系数、仁宽、核形、核长、果长、果形、仁长、果宽、核厚、核宽、出仁率。从总体上看,通过选择提高种实(种核)重量性状较易获得成功。
2)采用模糊数学隶属函数法进行综合评价,种核综合品质从优到差的无性系顺序为:16、46、21、27、68、63、55、54、51、12。其中佛指类(16和46号)和马铃类(21和27号)种核综合品质较优,表现为高产、粒大、内含物丰富;核用银杏无性系综合品质由优到差的无性系顺序为:68、21、27、16、46、63、51、54、55、12。其中佛指类(16和46号)和马铃类(21和27号)的综合指标表现较优,不仅表现为高产、粒大、内含物丰富,同时叶片的功能期相对较长。
3)核用银杏无性系综合品质较优的16、21、27、46号四个无性系,其为叶片表现较高的光合性能,即叶片的光合速率较高、叶绿素含量较高。综合指标较差的核用无性系的光合性能与之相反。
4)核用银杏无性系综合品质较优的16、21、27、46号四个无性系,叶片的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量较高,SOD和POD活性较高,H2O2和MDA含量较低,表现为较高的活性氧代谢能力,延长了叶片的功能期;综合指标较差的核用无性系的活性氧代谢能力与之相反。
Ginkgo biloba L. is the only extant plant of Ginkgoales, and has high economic and scientific value. The relationship between photosynthesis & physiological characteristics of leaf of 10 stone-used ginkgo clones in five groups and seed yield & quality was systematic studied in this paper.The correlation and variation situations among the studied indexes were obtained. The 10 stone-used ginkgo clones were evaluated by subordinate function.The fine stone-used ginkgo clones were chosed by subordinate function values.The fine stone-used ginkgo clones were analysized on photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of leaf of 10 stone-used ginkgo clones.The results were as follows:
1)The variation coefficient on yield per plant in the studied indexes was the biggest and up to 30%.The order of the variation coefficients on kernel nutritional composition contents indexes was fat content>soluble protein content>amylose content>total flavonoid>soluble sugar content.The variation coefficients on starch content, amylopectin content, terpene content were relativistic small.The order from big to small of the variation coefficients on seeds morphology indexes was single seed weight, single kernel weight, single stone weight, kernel thickness, stone mass/fruit mass (%),kernel-shape index, kernel width, nucleus-shape index, stone longth, seed longth, seed-shape index, kernel longth, seed width, stone thickness, stone width, kernel mass/stone mass(%).Above on, increasing seed or stone weight easily seceeds by choice.
2)The 10 stone-used ginkgo clones were evaluated by subordinate function。The order of the 10 clones from good to bad on stone comprehensive quality was 16、46、21、27、68、63、55、54、51、12. The stone comprehensive quality of the Fozhi group including 16 and 46 and Maling group including 21 and 27 was fine, in which showed high-yield, big-seed, rich in biochemical components.The order of the 10 clones from good to bad on comprehensive quality was 68、21、27、16、46、63、51、54、55、12. The comprehensive quality of the Fozhi group including 16 and 46 and Maling group including 21 and 27 was fine, in which showed relative high-yield, big-seed, rich in biochemical components, and relatively long in leaf functional period.
3) 16, 21, 27, 46 that’s comprehensive quality was fine showed .Those were relatively high in Pn and in Chl content. The rest of the 10 clones were showed to the contrary in photosynthetic characters.
4) 16, 21, 27, 46 that’s comprehensive quality was fine showed that those were relatively high in soluble protein and soluble sugar contents and in SOD and POD activity and relatively low in H2O2 and MDA contents. The rest of the 10 clones showed to the contrary in metabolic transformation
1) 10个银杏无性系单株产量的变异系数最大,超过了30%;种仁中营养成分变异系数为脂肪含量>可溶性蛋白含量>直链淀粉含量>黄酮含量>可溶性糖含量,淀粉、支链淀粉、内酯含量的变异系数则相对较小;种实性状的变异系数由大到小的顺序为单果重、种仁重、单核重、种仁厚、出核率、仁形系数、仁宽、核形、核长、果长、果形、仁长、果宽、核厚、核宽、出仁率。从总体上看,通过选择提高种实(种核)重量性状较易获得成功。
2)采用模糊数学隶属函数法进行综合评价,种核综合品质从优到差的无性系顺序为:16、46、21、27、68、63、55、54、51、12。其中佛指类(16和46号)和马铃类(21和27号)种核综合品质较优,表现为高产、粒大、内含物丰富;核用银杏无性系综合品质由优到差的无性系顺序为:68、21、27、16、46、63、51、54、55、12。其中佛指类(16和46号)和马铃类(21和27号)的综合指标表现较优,不仅表现为高产、粒大、内含物丰富,同时叶片的功能期相对较长。
3)核用银杏无性系综合品质较优的16、21、27、46号四个无性系,其为叶片表现较高的光合性能,即叶片的光合速率较高、叶绿素含量较高。综合指标较差的核用无性系的光合性能与之相反。
4)核用银杏无性系综合品质较优的16、21、27、46号四个无性系,叶片的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量较高,SOD和POD活性较高,H2O2和MDA含量较低,表现为较高的活性氧代谢能力,延长了叶片的功能期;综合指标较差的核用无性系的活性氧代谢能力与之相反。
Ginkgo biloba L. is the only extant plant of Ginkgoales, and has high economic and scientific value. The relationship between photosynthesis & physiological characteristics of leaf of 10 stone-used ginkgo clones in five groups and seed yield & quality was systematic studied in this paper.The correlation and variation situations among the studied indexes were obtained. The 10 stone-used ginkgo clones were evaluated by subordinate function.The fine stone-used ginkgo clones were chosed by subordinate function values.The fine stone-used ginkgo clones were analysized on photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of leaf of 10 stone-used ginkgo clones.The results were as follows:
1)The variation coefficient on yield per plant in the studied indexes was the biggest and up to 30%.The order of the variation coefficients on kernel nutritional composition contents indexes was fat content>soluble protein content>amylose content>total flavonoid>soluble sugar content.The variation coefficients on starch content, amylopectin content, terpene content were relativistic small.The order from big to small of the variation coefficients on seeds morphology indexes was single seed weight, single kernel weight, single stone weight, kernel thickness, stone mass/fruit mass (%),kernel-shape index, kernel width, nucleus-shape index, stone longth, seed longth, seed-shape index, kernel longth, seed width, stone thickness, stone width, kernel mass/stone mass(%).Above on, increasing seed or stone weight easily seceeds by choice.
2)The 10 stone-used ginkgo clones were evaluated by subordinate function。The order of the 10 clones from good to bad on stone comprehensive quality was 16、46、21、27、68、63、55、54、51、12. The stone comprehensive quality of the Fozhi group including 16 and 46 and Maling group including 21 and 27 was fine, in which showed high-yield, big-seed, rich in biochemical components.The order of the 10 clones from good to bad on comprehensive quality was 68、21、27、16、46、63、51、54、55、12. The comprehensive quality of the Fozhi group including 16 and 46 and Maling group including 21 and 27 was fine, in which showed relative high-yield, big-seed, rich in biochemical components, and relatively long in leaf functional period.
3) 16, 21, 27, 46 that’s comprehensive quality was fine showed .Those were relatively high in Pn and in Chl content. The rest of the 10 clones were showed to the contrary in photosynthetic characters.
4) 16, 21, 27, 46 that’s comprehensive quality was fine showed that those were relatively high in soluble protein and soluble sugar contents and in SOD and POD activity and relatively low in H2O2 and MDA contents. The rest of the 10 clones showed to the contrary in metabolic transformation
引文
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