摘要
姓名是人类社会中用以识别个体的一种符号,是最基本的人际称谓之一。不同的文化造就了不同的命名系统,在各种社会、历史、文化因素的影响下,姓名已经不仅仅是一个单纯的语言符号,而同时又是一种文化符号和社会符号。我们的日常交际离不开姓名,而日益频繁的跨文化交际更时时需要姓名的交换,这种处于不同语言和文化系统中的姓名交换自然离不开翻译的帮助。姓名翻译并非符号间的简单置换,正如林语堂曾经说过的那样,名字翻译虽说是小道,但很难。作为译者应考虑如何使日常交际中的姓名翻译更加规范,如何使文学作品中的人名翻译最大限度地传达原作者的寓意,保持原作的风格,如何使人名的修辞作用在目的语中得到完整的体现。鉴于此,本文在对中英姓名系统的比较基础之上,分析了姓名作为语言符号和文化符号的特性,并将其置于日常交际、文学作品以及修辞作用中进行了进一步的分析,并对针对不同情况应采取的翻译手段进行了探讨。本文除引言和结语外共分五个部分。
引言部分扼要介绍了本文的主题和基本结构。
第一章分析了姓名的语言学特性,以及在诸多文化因素影响下形成的意义、功能和形式上的变体。语言学特性是姓名作为符号的特性,并为姓名的可交流性提供了前提,而姓名的变体则是不同文化下的不同产物,一方面使姓名文化更加丰富,另一方面也给姓名翻译造成了一定困难。
第二章对中英命名系统作了一番比较。汉语文化和英语文化有
着各自不同的历史、文化渊源,因而在其影响之下的姓名文化也是
异大于同。通过比较我们看到,姓名并非简单的符号,而是文化的
载体,文化的镜像。
第三章对姓名翻译中的几对概念做了阐述。姓名翻译的过程也
就是重新命名的过程,译者会采取隐性或显性的方法来完成这一过
程。不论直译还是意译,归化还是异化都各有优劣,在重新命名的
过程中都需要译者的认真考虑。
第四章将姓名翻译置于日常跨文化交际当中,分析了翻译中面临
的三对问题,意识到规范问题是日常跨文化交际中的首要问题,并
对如何规范进行了探讨。
第五章分析了文学作品以及修辞作用中的人名翻译。文学作品
和修辞作用中的人名比日常交际中使用的人名,涵义更丰富,用途
更广泛,而它们的翻译也更难把握。在对一些翻译实例进行分析过
后,可以从中得到一些成功的经验和失败的教训。
结语部分对全文作了回顾和总结。
Personal names are very important in our human society. They mainly work as signs to mark individuals, but they are not as simple as signs. Besides the linguistic characteristics, personal names, influenced by many culture factors, also have some varieties respectively in meaning, function and form, and these varieties have in turn greatly enriched the culture to which they belong, and with a good translation, they can also enrich the culture of the TL (target language). Our communication can not be done without personal names, and the introduction of a personal name in the cross-culture communication is much more difficult than that within one culture, so the translation of personal names between Chinese and English has presented us a lot to be discussed. And this thesis aims to approach this issue at my best. Besides introduction and conclusion, this thesis is divided into five chapters:
Chapter One takes a look into the linguistic characteristics and the varieties under the influence of culture factors of personal names. The linguistic characteristics provide personal names with a common ground almost all over the world, while the varieties make them quite special for each culture.
Chapter Two makes a comparison between the Chinese naming
system and the English naming system. Personal names in Chinese culture and English culture share some similarities, but are mainly in difference. These differences should be first understood by the translators, and then through their translation, get into the knowledge of people in the TL. And only with this knowledge can people in the TL be no longer confused with a foreign name even after translation.
Chapter Three presents three pairs of concepts in translating personal names. The translation of personal names is also a process of renaming the person in the SL (source language), some in an explicit way, while some in an implicit way. Different translators may prefer different methods in translating personal names. Transliteration, free translation, domesticating and foreignizing all have their advantages and disadvantages. and should be carefully applied into our translation of personal names.
Chapter Four elaborates the translation of personal names in terms of daily cross-culture communication, and also discusses three main problems concerned. In daily cross-culture communication, the communicative value of personal names comes first, and the main task of a personal name is to ease the communication, so standardization is very important in this situation. Without standards on both E-C and C-E translation of personal names, there would be great confusion to people of each culture, and set a block to our cross-culture communication.
Chapter Five is a discussion on the translation of personal names in
literary works and in rhetoric use. Personal names in literary works are much more intentionally given than in daily life. They take the task to help with the development of the whole work, so the translation of them should also be taken into careful consideration. In the rhetoric use, each personal name is culture-bound and may have an allusion behind it. Accordingly the translation of such names should convey something implied in these allusions behind them, and this is also the main task of today's cross-culture communication.
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