面向机械产品设计的知识服务关键技术研究
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摘要
近年来,随着国际经济环境的持续低迷与动荡以及经济全球化进一步加深,中国制造企业正面临着制造产业业务流失、制造行业利润持续走低的困境。对于中国制造企业来说,加大研发力度,提升产品设计创新能力,增强核心竞争力,是摆脱这一困境的唯一出路。产品设计是一个知识积累、复用的螺旋上升过程。由于产品设计过程中知识获取困难、设计人员知识应用效率低下以及产品设计知识库维护尚存不足等因素,影响了企业中知识的复用,阻碍了企业设计能力的提升。因此,本文对面向产品设计的知识服务体系构架及其知识集成、知识整合以及知识推送三个关键技术开展了研究,以提高设计人员知识复用的效率,提升产品设计创新能力,增强核心竞争力,促进我国制造业的结构化转型,向价值链的高端环节延伸。
针对设计人员知识需求的特点以及企业数据与知识管理的现状,在传统知识获取服务模式的基础上扩展了知识应用服务模式,建立了涵盖知识资源层、知识组织层、知识供应层和设计执行层四个层次的知识服务体系架构,形成了从离散知识组织到主动知识供应的知识服务过程,通过知识集成、知识整合和知识推送三种手段达到降低知识应用难度、提高知识检索效率以及改善知识获取方式的目的,为提高知识复用效率奠定了理论基础。
针对传统基于知识工程的工具构建方法在通用性、易用性方面存在不足,难以满足知识集成工作要求的问题,研究了以产品设计向导作为知识集成的载体、基于产品设计向导构建方法的知识集成模式。首先,根据产品变型设计的特点,建立了变型设计产品层次结构模型、对产品设计知识进行了分类、定义了设计元素间的知识约束关系,提出了基于知识约束的设计活动过程动态规划方法,构建了产品设计向导模型,提出了产品设计向导快速构建过程,为企业产品设计集成工作提供了系统的方法与技术支撑。然后,基于该方法设计并开发了基于图形用户界面的产品设计向导快速开发平台,为企业提供了一种便捷、易用的知识集成辅助工具,提高了企业知识集成工作的效率与质量。
针对知识服务系统中装配体模型检索困难的问题,建立了基于语义标注方法的装配体模型知识整合框架。以标准语义结构作为装配体模型高层语义信息与低层几何信息间“语义鸿沟”的桥梁,提出了基于标准语义结构的装配体语义自动标注方法,提高了语义标注的效率以及确保了语义标注的统一性,实现了装配体模型的整合。而后,针对空间结构对于装配体模型工程语义的重要影响，提出了基于空间结构的装配体模型相似评价方法,扩展了标准语义结构的可选择范围,提升了装配体语义自动标注方法的适应性。
为了提高知识推送的准确性,基于设计任务多样性以及设计人员知识需求个性化、动态化的特征,构建了包含用户轮廓和任务轮廓的知识需求模型。提出基于知识复用行为与记忆-遗忘模型的知识需求获取与演化更新方法,实现了对于设计人员知识需求的自动获取与动态更新,避免传统手工设置方法的主观性强、效率低以及无法跟踪设计人员知识需求动态变化的问题,提高了知识需求获取的效率及准确性。设计了基于用户轮廓和任务轮廓的知识推送引擎,实现了面向设计人员的个性化知识推送。
最后,在知识服务体系架构及其关键技术研究的基础上,建立了知识服务系统的业务流程模型,基于山东山大华天软件有限公司的可定制产品全生命周期管理平台设计开发了面向机械产品设计的知识服务原型系统,并对系统进行了应用验证。
In recent years, with the further downturn and volatile of international economic environment as well as economic globalization, China's manufacturing enterprises are facing with the dilemma of loss of manufacturing industry business and continue to decline in profits. For Chinese manufacturing enterprises, to improve enterprise research and development capabilities and enhance the core competitiveness, is the only way to get rid of this dilemma. Product design is a spiral process of knowledge accumulation and reuse. However, the difficulty in knowledge acquisition, poor knowledge application efficiency and bad knowledge base maintenance situation, affect the knowledge reuse in enterprises and hinder the enhancement of research and development ability, threatening the company's survival and development. Therefore, the product design oriented knowledge service architecture and some key technologies of knowledge fusion, knowledge integration and knowledge recommendation is researched in this paper, to improve the efficiency of knowledge reuse and enhance the research and development capability and core competitiveness of the companies, extending their value chain to the high-end segment.
According to the characteristics of designer knowledge requirement, the status quo of the enterprise data and knowledge management, and the different demand of designers for knowledge service mode, the knowledge application service mode is presented besides the traditional knowledge acquisition service mode, the knowledge service framework consist of knowledge resource layer, knowledge organization layer, knowledge supply layer and design task execution layer, is established, forming the knowledge service process from discrete knowledge organization to knowledge initiative supply. The difficulty of knowledge application is reduced by knowledge fusion, the efficiency of knowledge retrieval is increased by knowledge integration and the way of knowledge acquisition is improved by knowledge recommendation, so the theoretical foundation is laied for improving the efficiency of knowledge reuse.
For traditional knowledge-based engineering tool build methods have a bad performance in generality and ease of use, it is hard to meets the requirement of knowledge integration work, then, taking product design guider as the knowledge fusion carrier, a knowledge fusion mode is put forward based on the method of product design guider development method. According to the characteristic of the product variant design, the variant design product hierarchy model is established, product design knowledge is classified and knowledge constraint between design elements is defined, then a knowledge-constraint-based dynamic process planning method is presented and the product design guider model is established, at last the product design guider rapid development method process is given, provides sysmatic method and technical support for knowledge fusion work. Based on this method, product design guider rapid development platform is designed and implemented, which provides an effective toolkit for knowledge fusion work.
In order to overcome the difficulty of assembly model retrieval and access in the knowledge service system, a knowledge integration framework based on semantic annotation method is put forword. An assembly semantic annotation method is established based on standard semantic structure, realizes the automatic annotation of assembly model semantics, improve the efficiency and ensure uniformity of assembly semantic annotation work, realize the integration of assembly model. In consideration of the important influence of spatial structure for engineering semantics of assembly model, a spatial structure based similarity matching method of assembly model was proposed, expand the selection scope of standard semantic structure and improve the adaptability of assembly automatic semantics annotation method.
In order to improve the accuracy of knowledge recommendation, the designer knowledge requirement model is built which consist of User profile and Task Profile based on the diversity of design task and personalization and dynamic of designers knowledge requirement. Designers knowledge requirement acquirement and updating method is established based on the their behavior of knowledge reuse and the memory-forgetting model, according to this method designer knowledge requirement can be automatically obtained with dynamic update, and it is avoid the subjectivity, low efficiency and lack of ability to track the designer knowledge requirement dynamic change of traditional manual method, increases the efficiency and accuracy of knowledge requirement acquirement. At last, the knowledge recommendation engine based on the User Profile and Task Profile is established, achieves the personalized knowledge recommendation.
Finally, the operate flow of the knowledge service system is established based on the abovementioned theory, method and technology. Then, the knowledge service system is developed according to the customizable PLM (product lifecycle management) system of the Shandong shanda hoteamsoft co., LTD.And the system has been applied and verified at last.
针对设计人员知识需求的特点以及企业数据与知识管理的现状,在传统知识获取服务模式的基础上扩展了知识应用服务模式,建立了涵盖知识资源层、知识组织层、知识供应层和设计执行层四个层次的知识服务体系架构,形成了从离散知识组织到主动知识供应的知识服务过程,通过知识集成、知识整合和知识推送三种手段达到降低知识应用难度、提高知识检索效率以及改善知识获取方式的目的,为提高知识复用效率奠定了理论基础。
针对传统基于知识工程的工具构建方法在通用性、易用性方面存在不足,难以满足知识集成工作要求的问题,研究了以产品设计向导作为知识集成的载体、基于产品设计向导构建方法的知识集成模式。首先,根据产品变型设计的特点,建立了变型设计产品层次结构模型、对产品设计知识进行了分类、定义了设计元素间的知识约束关系,提出了基于知识约束的设计活动过程动态规划方法,构建了产品设计向导模型,提出了产品设计向导快速构建过程,为企业产品设计集成工作提供了系统的方法与技术支撑。然后,基于该方法设计并开发了基于图形用户界面的产品设计向导快速开发平台,为企业提供了一种便捷、易用的知识集成辅助工具,提高了企业知识集成工作的效率与质量。
针对知识服务系统中装配体模型检索困难的问题,建立了基于语义标注方法的装配体模型知识整合框架。以标准语义结构作为装配体模型高层语义信息与低层几何信息间“语义鸿沟”的桥梁,提出了基于标准语义结构的装配体语义自动标注方法,提高了语义标注的效率以及确保了语义标注的统一性,实现了装配体模型的整合。而后,针对空间结构对于装配体模型工程语义的重要影响，提出了基于空间结构的装配体模型相似评价方法,扩展了标准语义结构的可选择范围,提升了装配体语义自动标注方法的适应性。
为了提高知识推送的准确性,基于设计任务多样性以及设计人员知识需求个性化、动态化的特征,构建了包含用户轮廓和任务轮廓的知识需求模型。提出基于知识复用行为与记忆-遗忘模型的知识需求获取与演化更新方法,实现了对于设计人员知识需求的自动获取与动态更新,避免传统手工设置方法的主观性强、效率低以及无法跟踪设计人员知识需求动态变化的问题,提高了知识需求获取的效率及准确性。设计了基于用户轮廓和任务轮廓的知识推送引擎,实现了面向设计人员的个性化知识推送。
最后,在知识服务体系架构及其关键技术研究的基础上,建立了知识服务系统的业务流程模型,基于山东山大华天软件有限公司的可定制产品全生命周期管理平台设计开发了面向机械产品设计的知识服务原型系统,并对系统进行了应用验证。
In recent years, with the further downturn and volatile of international economic environment as well as economic globalization, China's manufacturing enterprises are facing with the dilemma of loss of manufacturing industry business and continue to decline in profits. For Chinese manufacturing enterprises, to improve enterprise research and development capabilities and enhance the core competitiveness, is the only way to get rid of this dilemma. Product design is a spiral process of knowledge accumulation and reuse. However, the difficulty in knowledge acquisition, poor knowledge application efficiency and bad knowledge base maintenance situation, affect the knowledge reuse in enterprises and hinder the enhancement of research and development ability, threatening the company's survival and development. Therefore, the product design oriented knowledge service architecture and some key technologies of knowledge fusion, knowledge integration and knowledge recommendation is researched in this paper, to improve the efficiency of knowledge reuse and enhance the research and development capability and core competitiveness of the companies, extending their value chain to the high-end segment.
According to the characteristics of designer knowledge requirement, the status quo of the enterprise data and knowledge management, and the different demand of designers for knowledge service mode, the knowledge application service mode is presented besides the traditional knowledge acquisition service mode, the knowledge service framework consist of knowledge resource layer, knowledge organization layer, knowledge supply layer and design task execution layer, is established, forming the knowledge service process from discrete knowledge organization to knowledge initiative supply. The difficulty of knowledge application is reduced by knowledge fusion, the efficiency of knowledge retrieval is increased by knowledge integration and the way of knowledge acquisition is improved by knowledge recommendation, so the theoretical foundation is laied for improving the efficiency of knowledge reuse.
For traditional knowledge-based engineering tool build methods have a bad performance in generality and ease of use, it is hard to meets the requirement of knowledge integration work, then, taking product design guider as the knowledge fusion carrier, a knowledge fusion mode is put forward based on the method of product design guider development method. According to the characteristic of the product variant design, the variant design product hierarchy model is established, product design knowledge is classified and knowledge constraint between design elements is defined, then a knowledge-constraint-based dynamic process planning method is presented and the product design guider model is established, at last the product design guider rapid development method process is given, provides sysmatic method and technical support for knowledge fusion work. Based on this method, product design guider rapid development platform is designed and implemented, which provides an effective toolkit for knowledge fusion work.
In order to overcome the difficulty of assembly model retrieval and access in the knowledge service system, a knowledge integration framework based on semantic annotation method is put forword. An assembly semantic annotation method is established based on standard semantic structure, realizes the automatic annotation of assembly model semantics, improve the efficiency and ensure uniformity of assembly semantic annotation work, realize the integration of assembly model. In consideration of the important influence of spatial structure for engineering semantics of assembly model, a spatial structure based similarity matching method of assembly model was proposed, expand the selection scope of standard semantic structure and improve the adaptability of assembly automatic semantics annotation method.
In order to improve the accuracy of knowledge recommendation, the designer knowledge requirement model is built which consist of User profile and Task Profile based on the diversity of design task and personalization and dynamic of designers knowledge requirement. Designers knowledge requirement acquirement and updating method is established based on the their behavior of knowledge reuse and the memory-forgetting model, according to this method designer knowledge requirement can be automatically obtained with dynamic update, and it is avoid the subjectivity, low efficiency and lack of ability to track the designer knowledge requirement dynamic change of traditional manual method, increases the efficiency and accuracy of knowledge requirement acquirement. At last, the knowledge recommendation engine based on the User Profile and Task Profile is established, achieves the personalized knowledge recommendation.
Finally, the operate flow of the knowledge service system is established based on the abovementioned theory, method and technology. Then, the knowledge service system is developed according to the customizable PLM (product lifecycle management) system of the Shandong shanda hoteamsoft co., LTD.And the system has been applied and verified at last.
引文
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