基于无线传感网络的高速公路恶劣气象监测及交通控制模型研究
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摘要
恶劣气象条件是高速公路交通事故发生的重要原因之一,因气象条件造成的交通事故约占高速公路交通事故总数的四分之一。为了避免和减少恶劣气象造成的交通事故,有必要对高速公路沿线的气象条件进行监测和监控,并根据监测到的气象信息确定相应的交通控制方案。无线传感器网络作为二十一世纪最重要的技术之一,用来解决高速公路沿线的气象监测和交通控制问题有着独特的优势。本文首次将无线传感器网络技术引入到高速公路管理之中,利用无线传感器网络对高速公路沿线的气象条件进行监测,设计了基于无线传感器网络的高速公路气象监测和交通控制系统,并对其中的关键技术进行了研究。为了在高速公路上利用无线传感器网络对气象条件进行监测,本文突破传统无线传感器网络单sink节点的限制,设计了一种多sink节点的无线传感器网络,并针对多sink节点网络的特点,提出了无线传感器网络多向数据传输的概念,设计了满足数据多向传输的路由协议—多向扩散路由协议MDD;针对高速公路气象监测无线传感器网络的特点,提出了网络能量管理、时间同步和网络安全方案,延长了网络的使用寿命和使用安全。为了解决恶劣气象条件下的交通控制问题,本文在详细分析恶劣气象对高速公路通行能力影响的基础上,明确了恶劣气象对高速公路通行能力的影响主要集中在路面附着系数和安全视距两个方面,并在他人研究结果的基础上,将恶劣气象条件引入到高速公路交通安全中,提出了基于停车视距的高速公路恶劣气象条件安全模型;然后利用模糊控制理论的隶属度函数,建立了恶劣气象高速公路交通控制模型。
经仿真实验分析得出,采用无线传感器网络监测高速公路沿线的气象条件是可行的;多sink节点无线传感器网络比传统单sink节点无线传感器网络更能满足高速公路气象监测的要求;MDD协议能够满足高速公路气象监测网络多向数据传输的要求,工作稳定可靠;基于停车视距的高速公路恶劣气象安全模型和基于隶属度函数的高速公路交通控制模型其计算结果与现有的有关规定相吻合,为高速公路恶劣气象条件的交通控制和交通管理提供了理论依据。
Adverse weather is one of the main factors that caused freeway accident.It contributed a quarter amoun to the total.To avoid or reduce the amount of accidents, freeway environment monitor systerm must to be set up to gather the information along the high and to make the traffic control plan based on the informatiom.As one of the most important of 21th, WSN has distinct odds in highway inclement weather monitoring.The author introduced the WSN to the management of freeway,use the WSN to monitor the adverse weather condition of road,and desgined a Adverse Weather Monitor and Traffic Cotrol System Based on WSN, studied on its key technologies.As the results,the author designed a mutti SINK nods WSN,break through the limit of traditional WSN’s single SINK nod,to match the needs of superhighway adverse weather monitor.Proposed the concept of mutti-direction data trasffer of WSN,and carried out the Mutti-Derected Difussion(MDD) routing protocol to satifi the Mutt SINK nods WSN’s data trasffer.Also studied on power management,time sync,and netword security,proposed solution draft all of them,extend the using time of system,insured security of system data trasffer.The paper also analysed the adverse weather influence on freeway traffic causionly,achievied that the influence of inclement weather on super highway focused on two aspects: safe sight distance and adhesion coefficient.After gathering and studing on other scholar’reseaches,proposed a adverse weather freeway safty model based on stopping sight distance, finaly,caculated a adverse weather freeway traffic control model based on membership function of vague mathematics.
The simulation proved that:using WSN to monitor freeway weather conditation if feasible;mutti SINK nods WSN can satisfy the needs of freeway adverse weather monitoring system better than single SINK nod WSN;MDD is a stable and reliable protocol which can meet the needs of mutti direction data transfer of freeway adverse weather monitoring system;the results of adverse weather freeway safty model based on stopping sight distance and adverse weather freeway traffic control model based on membership function of vague mathematics tally closely with the regulations of the Ministry of Public Security and The Ministry of Transport.
经仿真实验分析得出,采用无线传感器网络监测高速公路沿线的气象条件是可行的;多sink节点无线传感器网络比传统单sink节点无线传感器网络更能满足高速公路气象监测的要求;MDD协议能够满足高速公路气象监测网络多向数据传输的要求,工作稳定可靠;基于停车视距的高速公路恶劣气象安全模型和基于隶属度函数的高速公路交通控制模型其计算结果与现有的有关规定相吻合,为高速公路恶劣气象条件的交通控制和交通管理提供了理论依据。
Adverse weather is one of the main factors that caused freeway accident.It contributed a quarter amoun to the total.To avoid or reduce the amount of accidents, freeway environment monitor systerm must to be set up to gather the information along the high and to make the traffic control plan based on the informatiom.As one of the most important of 21th, WSN has distinct odds in highway inclement weather monitoring.The author introduced the WSN to the management of freeway,use the WSN to monitor the adverse weather condition of road,and desgined a Adverse Weather Monitor and Traffic Cotrol System Based on WSN, studied on its key technologies.As the results,the author designed a mutti SINK nods WSN,break through the limit of traditional WSN’s single SINK nod,to match the needs of superhighway adverse weather monitor.Proposed the concept of mutti-direction data trasffer of WSN,and carried out the Mutti-Derected Difussion(MDD) routing protocol to satifi the Mutt SINK nods WSN’s data trasffer.Also studied on power management,time sync,and netword security,proposed solution draft all of them,extend the using time of system,insured security of system data trasffer.The paper also analysed the adverse weather influence on freeway traffic causionly,achievied that the influence of inclement weather on super highway focused on two aspects: safe sight distance and adhesion coefficient.After gathering and studing on other scholar’reseaches,proposed a adverse weather freeway safty model based on stopping sight distance, finaly,caculated a adverse weather freeway traffic control model based on membership function of vague mathematics.
The simulation proved that:using WSN to monitor freeway weather conditation if feasible;mutti SINK nods WSN can satisfy the needs of freeway adverse weather monitoring system better than single SINK nod WSN;MDD is a stable and reliable protocol which can meet the needs of mutti direction data transfer of freeway adverse weather monitoring system;the results of adverse weather freeway safty model based on stopping sight distance and adverse weather freeway traffic control model based on membership function of vague mathematics tally closely with the regulations of the Ministry of Public Security and The Ministry of Transport.
引文
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