中国春小麦—粗山羊草染色体片段导入系的构建与分析
摘要
本研究利用小麦品种中国春(Chinese Spring, CS)与小麦D基因组供体粗山羊草(Aegilops tauschii)TA2424杂交,杂交后取其幼胚进行组织培养得到杂种F1代,F1再用中国春连续回交两代,回交后代自交四代得到2000多份BC2F4后代群体家系。通过检测杂交后代群体中粗山羊草的染色体片段导入情况,构建一套普通小麦中国春—粗山羊草染色体片段导入系(CSSLs)。选取小麦D基因组上的250对SSR标记,利用中国春和粗山羊草TA2424筛选出170对在两个亲本间具有多态性的SSR标记。用随机选取的238个杂交后代BC2F4的DNA作为模板进行PCR扩增,检测在杂种后代中两个亲本染色体之间的代换情况。在170对多态性引物中,有83%在杂交后代中检测到粗山羊草染色体导入片段,导入片段基本覆盖了D基因组,根据SSR检测的结果,绘制了一套覆盖率在95%以上的D基因组的染色体片段导入系图谱。在有些后代品系中,扩增产物带型和两个亲本的带型均不一致。在238个家系中片段代换变异率在90%以上的有2个标记位点:Xgpw322和Xgwm212;60%~90%的有4个标记位点:Xgwm106、Xcfd35、Xgwm114b和Xgwm624;0.42%~5.46%的有13标记个位点,分别分布在D基因组的不同染色体上。
Over 2000 BC2F4 progeny lines were produced by crossing Chinese Spring wheat with Aegilops tauschii accession TA2424 via embryo rescue technique and backcrossing with the recurrent parent Chinese Spring. A set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) was developed by detecting the chromosome segments of Ae. tauschii with the polymorphic SSR markers from D genome. Two hundred and fifty SSR markers were used for screening polymorphism between CS and TA2424. One hundred and seventy polymorphic SSR markers were selected by detecting the PCR amplification products on 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two hundred and thirty-eight BC2F4 randomly selected progeny lines were used for detecting chromosome segments of Ae. tauschii with the polymorphic SSR markers. Based on the results of SSR detection, a profile of CSSLs covering 95% of Ae. tauschii D genome was developed. The results of this study indicateed that the sizes of the amplified products were not comparable to either parent in some progeny lines. Among the 238 tested, two markers Xgpw322 and Xgwm 212 had over 90% of substitution frequency; Xgwm106, Xcfd35, Xgwm114b and Xgwm624, 60~90%; and 13 markers, 0.42~5.46%. These markers with variation were distributed on different chromosomes of D genome.
Over 2000 BC2F4 progeny lines were produced by crossing Chinese Spring wheat with Aegilops tauschii accession TA2424 via embryo rescue technique and backcrossing with the recurrent parent Chinese Spring. A set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) was developed by detecting the chromosome segments of Ae. tauschii with the polymorphic SSR markers from D genome. Two hundred and fifty SSR markers were used for screening polymorphism between CS and TA2424. One hundred and seventy polymorphic SSR markers were selected by detecting the PCR amplification products on 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two hundred and thirty-eight BC2F4 randomly selected progeny lines were used for detecting chromosome segments of Ae. tauschii with the polymorphic SSR markers. Based on the results of SSR detection, a profile of CSSLs covering 95% of Ae. tauschii D genome was developed. The results of this study indicateed that the sizes of the amplified products were not comparable to either parent in some progeny lines. Among the 238 tested, two markers Xgpw322 and Xgwm 212 had over 90% of substitution frequency; Xgwm106, Xcfd35, Xgwm114b and Xgwm624, 60~90%; and 13 markers, 0.42~5.46%. These markers with variation were distributed on different chromosomes of D genome.
引文
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[14] Dubcovsky J, Luo M C, Zhong G Y, et al. Genetic map of diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum L., and its comparison with maps of Hordeum vulgare L. Genetics, 1996, 143: 983–999.
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[16] Myburg A A, Botha A M, Wilding W J M, et al. Identification and genetic distance analysis of wheat cultivars using RAPD fingerprinting. Cereal Research Comunication, l997, 25: 875–882.
[17] AIpert K B, Tanksley S D. High-resolution mapping and isolation of a yeast artificial chromosome containing fw2.2: Amajor fruit weight quantitative trait locus in tomato. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 1996, 93: 15503–15507.
[18] Frary A, Nesbitt T C, Frary A, et al. fw2.2: A quantitative trait locus key to the evolution of tomato Truit size. Seicnce, 2000, 289: 85–88.
[219] Tanaka H, Tomita M, Yasumuro Y. Limited but specific variations of seed storage proteins in Japanese common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica, 2003, 132: 167–174.
[20] Yan Y M, Hsam S L K, Yu J Z, et al. Allelic variation of the HMW glutenin Subunits in Aegilops tauschii accessions detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE), acid polyacrylamide gel (A-PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis. Euphytica, 2003, 130: 377–385.
[21] Assefa S. Resistance to wheat leaf rust in Aegilops tauschii coss and irtheritance of resistance in hexaploid wheat. Genetic Resources and Crops Evolution, 2000, 47:135–140.
[22] Ma H, Singh R P, Muieeb-kazi A. Resistance to stripe rust in Triticum turgdum, T. tauschii and their synthetic hexaploids. Euphytica, 1995, 82: 117–124.
[23] Yang W Y. Evolution of Aegilops tauechii coss for resistance to physiological strains CYR30 and CYR31 of wheats tripe rust in China. Genetic Resource and Crops Evolution, 1998, 45: 395–398.
[24] Gert H J. Differential suppression of stripe rust resistance in synthetic wheat hexaploids derived from Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides and Aegilops squarrosa. Phytopathology, 1995, 85: 425–429.
[25] Lubbers E L. Variation of molecular markers among geographically diverse accessions of Triticum tauschii. Genome, 1991, 34: 354–361.
[26] Eastwood R F. A directed search for DNA sequences tightly linked to cereal cyst nematode resistance genes in Triticum tausehii. Genome, 1994, 37: 311–319.
[27] Lagudah E S, Halloran G M. Phylogenetic relationships of Triticum tauchii, the D genome donor to hexaploid wheat. Theoretical and Appied Genetics, 1988, 75: 592–598.
[28] Lagudah E S. The molecular-genetic analysis of Triticum tauschii, the D-genome donor to hexaploid wheat. Genome, 1991, 34: 375–386.
[29] Pestsova E, Ganal M W, R?der M S. Isolation and mapping of microsatellite markers specific for the D genome of bread wheat. Genome, 2000, 43: 689–697.
[30] R?der M S, Korzun V, WendehaKa K, et al. A microsatellite map of wheat. Genetics, 1998, 149: 2007–2023.
[31] Tautz D, Renz M. Simple sequence repeats are ubiquitous repetitive component of eukaryotie genomes. Nucleic Acids Research, 1984, 12: 4127–4138.
[32]贾继增,张正斌, Gale M D,等.小麦21条染色体RFLP作图位点遗传多样性分析.中国科学(C辑), 2001, 31: 13–21.
[33]田清震.中国小麦部分种质遗传多样性分析及小麦抗白粉病分子标记辅助选择研究: [博士毕业论文].北京:中国农业科学院,2002.
[34] Davila J A, Loarce Y, Ferrer E. Molecular characterization and genetic mapping of random Amplified microsatellite polymorphism in barley. Theoretical and Appied Genetics, 1999, 98: 256–273.
[35]曹越.植物遗传研究与分子标记技术.青海农林科技,专题综述2004(2).
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