预焙铝电解槽智能模糊控制系统的研究与开发
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摘要
铝电解是一个电解槽数量多、高能耗、高粉尘、强磁场、环境恶劣、劳动强度大的复杂生产过程。计算机自动控制技术在铝电解生产过程中的应用，对于提高电流效率、降低能耗、提高劳动生产率、减少工人劳动强度、改善工厂生产环境、改进生产管理水平、促进企业快速发展以及创造更好的经济效益和社会效益具有重要的意义。
智能模糊控制方法具有人工智能的特点，能够模拟专家的操作经验和人们的思维过程，因此这种控制方法已广泛地应用于过程控制等多个领域，并取得很好的应用效果。
预焙铝电解槽是一种复杂的非线性、多变量时变系统，具有模型的不确定性，并且浓度、极距、温度和分子比等参数在线检测较困难。因此，对于预焙铝电解槽的控制，采用智能控制方法更容易达到预期的控制效果。针对上述特点，依据铝电解“四低一高”的最佳工艺条件，设计出铝电解槽智能模糊控制槽控机。在广泛收集专家控制经验与知识的基础上总结出新的控制策略。它能在脱机状态下独立完成电压、电流的在线采集，正常槽况下的准连续按需下料控制与常态极距调节、槽噪声解析与报告，阳极效应预报与声光报警，人工作业工序监控等功能，能在联机状态下与监控机交换数据，并接收来自监控机的参数整定与优化，使对电解槽的监控更为精确和可靠。
本文就专家系统、模糊控制等智能控制技术进行了探讨；并着重论述了智能模糊控制方法在铝电解槽工艺控制中的应用；详细说明了控制系统软、硬件的设计思想及其实现；同时，针对铝电解槽的工艺特点，说明了控制系统所采取的抗干扰措施。
本课题的开发和研究成果，将有力地推动预焙铝电解槽控制技术的发展，并获得巨大的经济效益。与此同时，还将促进智能模糊控制技术的发展及其在工业过程控制中的广泛应用。
Aluminium electrolysis is a complex production process with large numbers of aluminium electrolytic cells, high energy consumption, heavy dusty, strong magnetic field, bad environment and strong intensity of labor. The application of computer automatic control technology in the produced course of aluminum electrolysis has important meaning. It can increase current efficiency, decrease energy consumption, improve the labor productivity, reduce the labor strength, improve the production environment and management, promote enterprise development, create better economic benefits and social benefits.
The method of intelligent fuzzy control has the trait of artificial intelligence, it can simulate experts' operational experience and human thought way, so it has been used widely in many fields such as process control and so on, and has got very good application effect.
Pre-baked aluminium electrolytic cell is a non-linear, multivariable and time-varying system, its model is uncertain. It is difficult to detect the alumina concentration, polar distance, temperature and mole ratio on-line, so it is more easily to control pre-baked aluminium electrolytic cell by the method of intelligent fuzzy control. In accordance with the features above and combined with the best technology "four low and one high", we design an intelligent fuzzy control system for aluminium electrolytic cell Based on collecting of experience and knowledge of expert control, we summarize new control strategy. The control system for tank can finish independently mostly control functions. It can sample voltage and current online, control alumina content and regulate polar distance, analysis and report cell noise, predict the anode effect and warning with sound and light, keep watch on and control artificial schoolwork process. At the same time it can connect with monitoring computer to exchange data and recei
ve parameters, which are tuned and optimized by monitoring computer. And this can make the control to the aluminium electrolytic cell more accurate and reliable.
This thesis discusses expert system and fuzzy control technology; dissertates emphatically the apply of intelligent fuzzy control method in
the control of aluminium electrolytic cell; illuminates in detailed the idea of design with realization of the system's software and hardware; at the same time, with the technology characteristic of the aluminium electrolytic cell, the thesis discusses the methods of anti-interference in control system.
The work we do will promote strongly the development of control technology to pre-baked aluminium electrolytic cell and gain huge economic benefits. At the same time, it will promote the development of intelligent fuzzy control technology and its extensive application in industrial process control.
智能模糊控制方法具有人工智能的特点，能够模拟专家的操作经验和人们的思维过程，因此这种控制方法已广泛地应用于过程控制等多个领域，并取得很好的应用效果。
预焙铝电解槽是一种复杂的非线性、多变量时变系统，具有模型的不确定性，并且浓度、极距、温度和分子比等参数在线检测较困难。因此，对于预焙铝电解槽的控制，采用智能控制方法更容易达到预期的控制效果。针对上述特点，依据铝电解“四低一高”的最佳工艺条件，设计出铝电解槽智能模糊控制槽控机。在广泛收集专家控制经验与知识的基础上总结出新的控制策略。它能在脱机状态下独立完成电压、电流的在线采集，正常槽况下的准连续按需下料控制与常态极距调节、槽噪声解析与报告，阳极效应预报与声光报警，人工作业工序监控等功能，能在联机状态下与监控机交换数据，并接收来自监控机的参数整定与优化，使对电解槽的监控更为精确和可靠。
本文就专家系统、模糊控制等智能控制技术进行了探讨；并着重论述了智能模糊控制方法在铝电解槽工艺控制中的应用；详细说明了控制系统软、硬件的设计思想及其实现；同时，针对铝电解槽的工艺特点，说明了控制系统所采取的抗干扰措施。
本课题的开发和研究成果，将有力地推动预焙铝电解槽控制技术的发展，并获得巨大的经济效益。与此同时，还将促进智能模糊控制技术的发展及其在工业过程控制中的广泛应用。
Aluminium electrolysis is a complex production process with large numbers of aluminium electrolytic cells, high energy consumption, heavy dusty, strong magnetic field, bad environment and strong intensity of labor. The application of computer automatic control technology in the produced course of aluminum electrolysis has important meaning. It can increase current efficiency, decrease energy consumption, improve the labor productivity, reduce the labor strength, improve the production environment and management, promote enterprise development, create better economic benefits and social benefits.
The method of intelligent fuzzy control has the trait of artificial intelligence, it can simulate experts' operational experience and human thought way, so it has been used widely in many fields such as process control and so on, and has got very good application effect.
Pre-baked aluminium electrolytic cell is a non-linear, multivariable and time-varying system, its model is uncertain. It is difficult to detect the alumina concentration, polar distance, temperature and mole ratio on-line, so it is more easily to control pre-baked aluminium electrolytic cell by the method of intelligent fuzzy control. In accordance with the features above and combined with the best technology "four low and one high", we design an intelligent fuzzy control system for aluminium electrolytic cell Based on collecting of experience and knowledge of expert control, we summarize new control strategy. The control system for tank can finish independently mostly control functions. It can sample voltage and current online, control alumina content and regulate polar distance, analysis and report cell noise, predict the anode effect and warning with sound and light, keep watch on and control artificial schoolwork process. At the same time it can connect with monitoring computer to exchange data and recei
ve parameters, which are tuned and optimized by monitoring computer. And this can make the control to the aluminium electrolytic cell more accurate and reliable.
This thesis discusses expert system and fuzzy control technology; dissertates emphatically the apply of intelligent fuzzy control method in
the control of aluminium electrolytic cell; illuminates in detailed the idea of design with realization of the system's software and hardware; at the same time, with the technology characteristic of the aluminium electrolytic cell, the thesis discusses the methods of anti-interference in control system.
The work we do will promote strongly the development of control technology to pre-baked aluminium electrolytic cell and gain huge economic benefits. At the same time, it will promote the development of intelligent fuzzy control technology and its extensive application in industrial process control.
引文
[1] 殷恩生．160kA中心下料预焙铝电解槽生产工艺及管理．长沙：中南工业大学出版社，2003．4
[2] 黄永忠等．铝电解生产．长沙：中南大学出版社，1994．1
[3] 杨振海，孙淑萍，邱竹贤等。中国铝电解槽计算机控制技术发展的回顾与展望．东北大学学报，1999．6(3)：283-285
[4] Peter M. Enter, Further Development of the Temperature Model, Light Metals, 1996:445-449
[5] Repetto M. Optimisation of an electrolysis cell for aluminium production. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipments, 2000, pt. 1, p 41-6 vol.1
[6] T. Moeu. Adaptive. Control of Alumina Reduction Cells With Point Feeders. Light Metal, 1985. 459-469
[7] Solberg I. Wave detection and characterization from current and voltage signals of an aluminium smelting cell, Modeling, Identification and Control, v 24, n 1, 2003, 3-13
[8] 戴小平．160kA预焙铝电解槽“四低一高”电解工艺技术条件的选择。轻金属，2000(3)：31-34
[9] 蒋英刚．应用智能：控制技术后电解工艺技术条件的优化与选择．青海铝业科技，1998(4)：28-30
[10] 邱竹贤．工业铝电解质分子比的演变与现状．中国有色金属学报，1996．6(4)：13-18
[11] Kvande H. Bath chemistry and aluminium cell performance-facts, fictions, and doubts [J]. JOM, 1994,11:22 - 30
[12] 刘宝立，姜宝伟，马连武．135kA预焙铝阳极铝电解槽“四低一高”工艺实践．有色矿冶，2003．4(2)：28-31
[13] 边友康等．大型预焙铝电解槽现代工艺技术条件的选择与实现．轻金属，2000，(11)：34-35
[14] V.K.Mann. Cryolite Ratio and Bath Temperature Stabilization Problem in Aluminium Reduction cell, Light Metals, 1998:371-377
[15] 刘忠琼．铝电解“一高四低”工艺技术研究．轻金属，2001．4(2)：10-13
[16] 轩林红 预焙铝电解槽“四低一高”电解工艺计算机控制．新疆有色金属2002：22-23
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model. Light Metals, 1996 Warrendale.PA: TMS,1996:445-449
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[26]梁加山，袁艳，张泰山．人工气候室温度专家模糊控制系统的设计与实现．计算技术与自动化，2003．12(4)：8-11
[27]P.M.Entner. Control of Bath Temperature. Light Metals , 1995 Warrendale.PA:TMS. 1995: 227-230
[28]李劫，丁凤其，李民军等．预焙铝电解槽阳极效应的智能预报方法．中南工业大学学报，2001．2(1)：29-32
[29]陆义龙，韩丹群等．自动熄灭阳极效应在铝电解生产中的应用．有色金属节能，2001．5：4-6
[30]Meghlaoui A. Intelligent control of the feeding of aluminum electrolytic cells using neural networks. Computers & Chemical Engineering, v22,n 10,1998,19-28
[31]李琏．电解质中Al_2O_3浓度特性的研究．轻金属，2000(11)：39-42
[32]Li Jiejia. The research of control method in aluminum electrolysis computer control system. Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2000, 11-13 vol.5
[33]李劫，肖劲，张泰山等．铝电解槽点式下料的专家模糊控制方法．中南工业大学学报，1998．2：32-35
[34]曾水平，张秋萍，赵国鑫．铝电解槽氧化铝浓度的模糊控制。冶金自动化，2001(5)：9-11
[35]Klaus Hofenbitzer. Improved Concept of alumina-feeding strategy. Light Metals. Warrendale,Permsylvania:The Minerals,Metals&Materials Society, 1999,293-296
[36]Li Jie. An intelligent controller for aluminum smelter potlines. Chinese Journal of
Nonferrous Metals,v8,n3,Sept. 1998,p557-562
[37]钱坤 谢寿尘等．铝电解模糊控制系统的研究与应用．自动化技术与应用，2003(1)：11-13
[38]徐殿斌．铝电解槽电解质温度自动控制．控制工程，2003．5(10)：73-75
[39]Panaitescu I. Magneto-hydro-dynamic analysis of an electrolysis cell for aluminum production. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, v 36, n 4, pt.1, July 2000, p 1305-8
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[2] 黄永忠等．铝电解生产．长沙：中南大学出版社，1994．1
[3] 杨振海，孙淑萍，邱竹贤等。中国铝电解槽计算机控制技术发展的回顾与展望．东北大学学报，1999．6(3)：283-285
[4] Peter M. Enter, Further Development of the Temperature Model, Light Metals, 1996:445-449
[5] Repetto M. Optimisation of an electrolysis cell for aluminium production. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipments, 2000, pt. 1, p 41-6 vol.1
[6] T. Moeu. Adaptive. Control of Alumina Reduction Cells With Point Feeders. Light Metal, 1985. 459-469
[7] Solberg I. Wave detection and characterization from current and voltage signals of an aluminium smelting cell, Modeling, Identification and Control, v 24, n 1, 2003, 3-13
[8] 戴小平．160kA预焙铝电解槽“四低一高”电解工艺技术条件的选择。轻金属，2000(3)：31-34
[9] 蒋英刚．应用智能：控制技术后电解工艺技术条件的优化与选择．青海铝业科技，1998(4)：28-30
[10] 邱竹贤．工业铝电解质分子比的演变与现状．中国有色金属学报，1996．6(4)：13-18
[11] Kvande H. Bath chemistry and aluminium cell performance-facts, fictions, and doubts [J]. JOM, 1994,11:22 - 30
[12] 刘宝立，姜宝伟，马连武．135kA预焙铝阳极铝电解槽“四低一高”工艺实践．有色矿冶，2003．4(2)：28-31
[13] 边友康等．大型预焙铝电解槽现代工艺技术条件的选择与实现．轻金属，2000，(11)：34-35
[14] V.K.Mann. Cryolite Ratio and Bath Temperature Stabilization Problem in Aluminium Reduction cell, Light Metals, 1998:371-377
[15] 刘忠琼．铝电解“一高四低”工艺技术研究．轻金属，2001．4(2)：10-13
[16] 轩林红 预焙铝电解槽“四低一高”电解工艺计算机控制．新疆有色金属2002：22-23
[17] P.M.Entner and G.A.Gud mundsson. Further Development of the Temperature
model. Light Metals, 1996 Warrendale.PA: TMS,1996:445-449
[18]姚昌仁．侧插自焙铝电解槽采用低分子比电解质生产工艺的研究．山东冶金，1998(8)：32-35
[19]Johnson A Ⅲ. Wavelet packet time series analysis of aluminum electrolytic cells. Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2001, p 228-37
[20]田应甫．大型预焙铝电解槽生产实践．中南工业大学出版社，1997．1
[21]诸静等．模糊控制原理与应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1995．7
[22]蔡自兴．智能控制：基础与应用。北京：国防工业出版社，1998．10
[23]李士勇．模糊控制．神经控制和智能控制论．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社1996．10
[24]窦振中．模糊逻辑控制技术及其应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995．7
[25]王耀南．智能控制系统模糊逻辑·专家系统·神经网络控制．湖南大学出版社，1996．10
[26]梁加山，袁艳，张泰山．人工气候室温度专家模糊控制系统的设计与实现．计算技术与自动化，2003．12(4)：8-11
[27]P.M.Entner. Control of Bath Temperature. Light Metals , 1995 Warrendale.PA:TMS. 1995: 227-230
[28]李劫，丁凤其，李民军等．预焙铝电解槽阳极效应的智能预报方法．中南工业大学学报，2001．2(1)：29-32
[29]陆义龙，韩丹群等．自动熄灭阳极效应在铝电解生产中的应用．有色金属节能，2001．5：4-6
[30]Meghlaoui A. Intelligent control of the feeding of aluminum electrolytic cells using neural networks. Computers & Chemical Engineering, v22,n 10,1998,19-28
[31]李琏．电解质中Al_2O_3浓度特性的研究．轻金属，2000(11)：39-42
[32]Li Jiejia. The research of control method in aluminum electrolysis computer control system. Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2000, 11-13 vol.5
[33]李劫，肖劲，张泰山等．铝电解槽点式下料的专家模糊控制方法．中南工业大学学报，1998．2：32-35
[34]曾水平，张秋萍，赵国鑫．铝电解槽氧化铝浓度的模糊控制。冶金自动化，2001(5)：9-11
[35]Klaus Hofenbitzer. Improved Concept of alumina-feeding strategy. Light Metals. Warrendale,Permsylvania:The Minerals,Metals&Materials Society, 1999,293-296
[36]Li Jie. An intelligent controller for aluminum smelter potlines. Chinese Journal of
Nonferrous Metals,v8,n3,Sept. 1998,p557-562
[37]钱坤 谢寿尘等．铝电解模糊控制系统的研究与应用．自动化技术与应用，2003(1)：11-13
[38]徐殿斌．铝电解槽电解质温度自动控制．控制工程，2003．5(10)：73-75
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