不同快速降体重对人体血液流变性影响的研究
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摘要
有研究表明,赛前快速脱水降体重对运动员的运动能力、身体机能和营养健康造成了影响。本研究通过观察不同方式快速脱水降体重对红细胞形态和血液流变学指标的变化,以期为运动员赛前快速降体重提供参考依据。
研究方法:
以湖南文理学院体育系2002级16名健康男生为实验对象,测定正常水合(0%BWL)、桑拿和运动脱水快速降体重2%(2%BWL)、桑拿及运动脱水快速降体重4%(4%BWL)这三种不同体重状态下,血液流变学指标的变化,并通过电镜观察红细胞形态改变。
研究结果:
(1) 2%BWL和4%BWL时全血粘度(高、中、低切)、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原(Fi)有明显变化(P<0.05),TK、VR、Al、A2明显升高(P<0.05);
(2) 电镜观察红细胞形态,由双凹扁平圆盘形变为呈周围肿胀或一面凹,另一面凸呈帽形的变化;
(3) 4%BWL时血液流变学各指标变化明显高于2%BWL(P<0.05),红细胞形态异常程度也更加明显;
(4) 桑拿快速脱水组与运动快速脱水组的血液流变学各指标在同等程度脱水程度下相比较,有差异,但差异没有统计学意义;红细胞形态在脱水前后有明显变化,但组间差异不显著。
结论:
(1) 桑拿和运动等快速脱水降体重法,均可引起血液流变性的显著性变化和红细胞形态的改变。
(2) 快速脱水的程度与血液流变性密切相关。
Many researches have shown the effects of different levels of rapid body weight loss on body functions, exercise ability and health of athletes before a match. By observing the effects of different levels of body weight loss in different ways on herheology and red cell modality, this research aims to offer the reference for athletes to lose weight rapidly.Methods:This research measured the change of hemorheology after euhydration(0%BWL)、 sauna-induced and exercise-induced body weight loss by 2%(2%BWL)and by 4%(4%BWL)respectively in 16 healthy male-students in PE. Department of Hunan University of Arts and Science. During the test, we utilized whole blood viscosity(WBV), plasma viscosity(PV), hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte deformability (TK), erythrocyte aggregation indexes(A_1 and A_2), erythrocyte rigid index(VR) etal. We investigated the changes of morphology of erythrocyte with the electronic microscopy. Results:(1) All indexes of herheology had significantly changed after 2%BWL and 4%BWL,such as WBV,PV,Hct,TK,Fi, A_1 A_2 etc(P<0.05).(2) The modality of erythrocyte changed its shape as a double concave disk to that of a hat with one side sunken meanwhile another side heaved or one edge tumefied in the electron microscopy.(3)The changed indexes of hemorheology at 4%BWL are higer than those at 2%BWL(P < 0.05), as well as abnormal intensity of
研究方法:
以湖南文理学院体育系2002级16名健康男生为实验对象,测定正常水合(0%BWL)、桑拿和运动脱水快速降体重2%(2%BWL)、桑拿及运动脱水快速降体重4%(4%BWL)这三种不同体重状态下,血液流变学指标的变化,并通过电镜观察红细胞形态改变。
研究结果:
(1) 2%BWL和4%BWL时全血粘度(高、中、低切)、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原(Fi)有明显变化(P<0.05),TK、VR、Al、A2明显升高(P<0.05);
(2) 电镜观察红细胞形态,由双凹扁平圆盘形变为呈周围肿胀或一面凹,另一面凸呈帽形的变化;
(3) 4%BWL时血液流变学各指标变化明显高于2%BWL(P<0.05),红细胞形态异常程度也更加明显;
(4) 桑拿快速脱水组与运动快速脱水组的血液流变学各指标在同等程度脱水程度下相比较,有差异,但差异没有统计学意义;红细胞形态在脱水前后有明显变化,但组间差异不显著。
结论:
(1) 桑拿和运动等快速脱水降体重法,均可引起血液流变性的显著性变化和红细胞形态的改变。
(2) 快速脱水的程度与血液流变性密切相关。
Many researches have shown the effects of different levels of rapid body weight loss on body functions, exercise ability and health of athletes before a match. By observing the effects of different levels of body weight loss in different ways on herheology and red cell modality, this research aims to offer the reference for athletes to lose weight rapidly.Methods:This research measured the change of hemorheology after euhydration(0%BWL)、 sauna-induced and exercise-induced body weight loss by 2%(2%BWL)and by 4%(4%BWL)respectively in 16 healthy male-students in PE. Department of Hunan University of Arts and Science. During the test, we utilized whole blood viscosity(WBV), plasma viscosity(PV), hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte deformability (TK), erythrocyte aggregation indexes(A_1 and A_2), erythrocyte rigid index(VR) etal. We investigated the changes of morphology of erythrocyte with the electronic microscopy. Results:(1) All indexes of herheology had significantly changed after 2%BWL and 4%BWL,such as WBV,PV,Hct,TK,Fi, A_1 A_2 etc(P<0.05).(2) The modality of erythrocyte changed its shape as a double concave disk to that of a hat with one side sunken meanwhile another side heaved or one edge tumefied in the electron microscopy.(3)The changed indexes of hemorheology at 4%BWL are higer than those at 2%BWL(P < 0.05), as well as abnormal intensity of
引文
[1] 胡汨,李向阳,运动员减体重的医学监控[J],湖北体育科技,2001,20(4):65-6.
[2] 杨则宜,焦颍,运动员减、控体重的科学方法及减体后比赛期的特殊营养补充[J],浙江体育科学,2000,22(5):35-7.
[3] 杨亚雄,周国建,业余散打运动员赛前快速降体重方法探讨,成都体育学院学报[J],2001,27(3):95-96.
[4] 陈星,赛前减体重对运动能力的影响,西安体育学院学报[J],200320(5):37-9.
[5] Fogelholm Gm, koskinen R, Laakso J, et al. Gradual and rapid weight loss: effects on nutrition and performance in male athletes[J], Med Sci, Sports Exerc 1993 Mar, 25(3): 371-7.
[6] Torraining C. D, Smith RJ, Byrd, The effect of acute thermal dehydration and rapid rehydration on isometic and isotonic endurance[J]. Sports Med, Physi. fitness, 1979; 19: 1-9.
[7] Oppliger R A, CASE H S, Horswi11C A ,Landry G L, Shelter A C, America College of Sports Medicine Position Stand .Weight loss inwresters[J], Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996 Jun;28(6): ⅸ-ⅹⅱ
[8] 侯晓晖,葛新发,运动员减体重的方法和策略[J],武汉体育学院学报,1999年(5):78-81.
[9] Elivin H Williams, Nutritional aspects of human physical and athletic performance [J]., Sports Med, 1976, 259-64.
[10] 李爱春.不同快速降体重对肌肉功能的影响.湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[11] American College of Sports Medicine, Position Stand: Weight loss in wresters[J], Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise28: Ⅸ-Ⅻ, 1966.
[12] 陈文杰,主编.血液流变学[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1987:9-12.
[13] Chien S, Molecular biology in biorheology [J], 1987, 23(5): 659-666.
[14] 康振黄,陈槐卿主编,血液流变学及其应用[M].成都:四川教育出版社,1987.
[15] 叶望云,血液流变学与微循环[J],微循环杂志,2000,10(4):19-22.
[16] 李彬先,张琨,血液流变学检查在心血管疾病的诊断治疗与预防中的价值[J],中国血液流变学杂志,2000,10(3):184-5.
[17] 修瑞娟,同心同德建立我国的微血管医学[J],中国微循环,2000,4(1):4-7.
[18] 姜彦更,老年健身遇到对血液流变学的影响[J],锦州医学院学报,2001,22(6):50-51
[19] 李发琪,杨瑞芳,吴云鹏,等.运动性疲劳对血液流变学影响的研究[J].国外医学生物医学工程分册,2000,23(6):344-7.
[20] 赵谦,王安利,不同运动项目对体育大学生某些血液流变学指标的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2000,23(1):45-50.
[21] Davison R J, Blood volume: its adaptation to endurance training[J], Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 1991, 23: 1338-48.
[22] 李广宇,10公里跑对血液流变性的影响[J],廊坊师专学报(自然科学版),1997,3:63-4.
[23] 陈文鹤,郭黎,运动、红细胞膜与红细胞变形能力[J].中国运动医学杂志,2002,21(4):396-9.
[24] Monnier J F, Benhaddad-Aissa A, Micallef J P, et al. Relationships between blood viscosity and insulin-like grouth factor 1 status in athletes[J], Clin Hemorheol Microc, 2000, 22:277.
[25] 李开刚,冯连世,洪平,等.大强度训练及恢复后大鼠红细胞膜蛋白的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志,2001,20(3):244.
[26] Temiz A, Baskurt OK, Pekcetin, et al. Leukocyte activation, oxidation stress and red cell properties after acute, exhausting exercise in rates[J]. Clin Hemoreheol Microcirc 2000, 22: 253.
[27] 刘波,大强度运动锻炼影响全血表观粘度的实验观察[J],成都体育学院学报,1997,2:81-5.
[28] Wood S C, Efeects of endurance training and long distance running on blood viscosity[J], Med Sci. Sports Exerc 1991, 23: 1265-9.
[29] Staubili M, et al. The mean red cell volume in long distance runners, Eur J, Appl. OccupPhysiol, 1986, 55: 49-53.
[30] Well C L, Hematological changes following a marathon race in male and female runners, Eur, J, Appl. Physiol, 1982, 48:41-9.
[31] 许豪文,运动员血液和运动的影响[J],内蒙古体育科技,1981,3:23-8.
[32] Dintenfass L, Rhrology of blood in diagnostic and preventive medicine, Butterwords, 1976: 16(2): 45
[33] American college of sports medicine. Position stand of exercise and fluid replacement[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28: 1-11.
[34] Gonzalez-A Lonso J. Separate and combined influences of dehydration and hyperthermia on cardiovascular responses to exercise[J]. Int J Sports Med Jun; 19 Suppl 2: 111-114.
[35] 亚极量运到对血液流变性的影响[J]天津体育学院学报,1966,11(1):8-12
[36] 阮晓声,红细胞聚集体形成时间与聚集体结构相关性研究[J],浙江大学学报(医学版),2002,31(1):41-3.
[37] 翁维良,血液流变学研究方法及其应用[M],北京,科学技术出版社,1989.
[38] 梁国光,血液是牛顿流体[J].西安医科大学学报,1997,18(2):151-8.
[39] Wells C L, Hematological changes following a marathon race in male and female runners[J], Eur, J, APPL. Physiol, 1982, 48: 41-9.
[40] Gelea G, et al. Blood viscosity responses to maximal exercise in endurance trained and sedentary female subjects. [.J]. AppL. Physiol. 1985. 59: 348-3.
[41] 诸建初,体外循环心脏直视手术期血流流变特性的变化,广东心血管研究所博士研究生毕业论文,1998.
[42] Convertion, V A, et al. Blood volume: its adaptation to endurance tanning[J], Med Sei. Sport Exerc, 1991, 23:1338-48.
[43] 杨宇,蒋跃文,钱瑞琴,应激对血液流变性的影响及机制[J],中国血液流变学杂志,2000,10(2):72-4.
[2] 杨则宜,焦颍,运动员减、控体重的科学方法及减体后比赛期的特殊营养补充[J],浙江体育科学,2000,22(5):35-7.
[3] 杨亚雄,周国建,业余散打运动员赛前快速降体重方法探讨,成都体育学院学报[J],2001,27(3):95-96.
[4] 陈星,赛前减体重对运动能力的影响,西安体育学院学报[J],200320(5):37-9.
[5] Fogelholm Gm, koskinen R, Laakso J, et al. Gradual and rapid weight loss: effects on nutrition and performance in male athletes[J], Med Sci, Sports Exerc 1993 Mar, 25(3): 371-7.
[6] Torraining C. D, Smith RJ, Byrd, The effect of acute thermal dehydration and rapid rehydration on isometic and isotonic endurance[J]. Sports Med, Physi. fitness, 1979; 19: 1-9.
[7] Oppliger R A, CASE H S, Horswi11C A ,Landry G L, Shelter A C, America College of Sports Medicine Position Stand .Weight loss inwresters[J], Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996 Jun;28(6): ⅸ-ⅹⅱ
[8] 侯晓晖,葛新发,运动员减体重的方法和策略[J],武汉体育学院学报,1999年(5):78-81.
[9] Elivin H Williams, Nutritional aspects of human physical and athletic performance [J]., Sports Med, 1976, 259-64.
[10] 李爱春.不同快速降体重对肌肉功能的影响.湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[11] American College of Sports Medicine, Position Stand: Weight loss in wresters[J], Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise28: Ⅸ-Ⅻ, 1966.
[12] 陈文杰,主编.血液流变学[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1987:9-12.
[13] Chien S, Molecular biology in biorheology [J], 1987, 23(5): 659-666.
[14] 康振黄,陈槐卿主编,血液流变学及其应用[M].成都:四川教育出版社,1987.
[15] 叶望云,血液流变学与微循环[J],微循环杂志,2000,10(4):19-22.
[16] 李彬先,张琨,血液流变学检查在心血管疾病的诊断治疗与预防中的价值[J],中国血液流变学杂志,2000,10(3):184-5.
[17] 修瑞娟,同心同德建立我国的微血管医学[J],中国微循环,2000,4(1):4-7.
[18] 姜彦更,老年健身遇到对血液流变学的影响[J],锦州医学院学报,2001,22(6):50-51
[19] 李发琪,杨瑞芳,吴云鹏,等.运动性疲劳对血液流变学影响的研究[J].国外医学生物医学工程分册,2000,23(6):344-7.
[20] 赵谦,王安利,不同运动项目对体育大学生某些血液流变学指标的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2000,23(1):45-50.
[21] Davison R J, Blood volume: its adaptation to endurance training[J], Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 1991, 23: 1338-48.
[22] 李广宇,10公里跑对血液流变性的影响[J],廊坊师专学报(自然科学版),1997,3:63-4.
[23] 陈文鹤,郭黎,运动、红细胞膜与红细胞变形能力[J].中国运动医学杂志,2002,21(4):396-9.
[24] Monnier J F, Benhaddad-Aissa A, Micallef J P, et al. Relationships between blood viscosity and insulin-like grouth factor 1 status in athletes[J], Clin Hemorheol Microc, 2000, 22:277.
[25] 李开刚,冯连世,洪平,等.大强度训练及恢复后大鼠红细胞膜蛋白的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志,2001,20(3):244.
[26] Temiz A, Baskurt OK, Pekcetin, et al. Leukocyte activation, oxidation stress and red cell properties after acute, exhausting exercise in rates[J]. Clin Hemoreheol Microcirc 2000, 22: 253.
[27] 刘波,大强度运动锻炼影响全血表观粘度的实验观察[J],成都体育学院学报,1997,2:81-5.
[28] Wood S C, Efeects of endurance training and long distance running on blood viscosity[J], Med Sci. Sports Exerc 1991, 23: 1265-9.
[29] Staubili M, et al. The mean red cell volume in long distance runners, Eur J, Appl. OccupPhysiol, 1986, 55: 49-53.
[30] Well C L, Hematological changes following a marathon race in male and female runners, Eur, J, Appl. Physiol, 1982, 48:41-9.
[31] 许豪文,运动员血液和运动的影响[J],内蒙古体育科技,1981,3:23-8.
[32] Dintenfass L, Rhrology of blood in diagnostic and preventive medicine, Butterwords, 1976: 16(2): 45
[33] American college of sports medicine. Position stand of exercise and fluid replacement[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28: 1-11.
[34] Gonzalez-A Lonso J. Separate and combined influences of dehydration and hyperthermia on cardiovascular responses to exercise[J]. Int J Sports Med Jun; 19 Suppl 2: 111-114.
[35] 亚极量运到对血液流变性的影响[J]天津体育学院学报,1966,11(1):8-12
[36] 阮晓声,红细胞聚集体形成时间与聚集体结构相关性研究[J],浙江大学学报(医学版),2002,31(1):41-3.
[37] 翁维良,血液流变学研究方法及其应用[M],北京,科学技术出版社,1989.
[38] 梁国光,血液是牛顿流体[J].西安医科大学学报,1997,18(2):151-8.
[39] Wells C L, Hematological changes following a marathon race in male and female runners[J], Eur, J, APPL. Physiol, 1982, 48: 41-9.
[40] Gelea G, et al. Blood viscosity responses to maximal exercise in endurance trained and sedentary female subjects. [.J]. AppL. Physiol. 1985. 59: 348-3.
[41] 诸建初,体外循环心脏直视手术期血流流变特性的变化,广东心血管研究所博士研究生毕业论文,1998.
[42] Convertion, V A, et al. Blood volume: its adaptation to endurance tanning[J], Med Sei. Sport Exerc, 1991, 23:1338-48.
[43] 杨宇,蒋跃文,钱瑞琴,应激对血液流变性的影响及机制[J],中国血液流变学杂志,2000,10(2):72-4.