通用数据交换系统的研究及实现
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摘要
随着世界经济全球化的发展，电子数据交换已成为企业参与贸易竞争的重要手段，企业迫切需要在更大范围内实现资源共享与数据交换。由于企业的平台和数据模式各不相同，传统的数据交换方式已经越来越不能适应现代电子数据交换的需要，基于可扩展标记语言XML和Internet的新一代数据交换系统是未来的发展方向。
本论文采用XML和J2EE等技术构建了一个适合电子商务应用的通用数据交换系统。在数据交换中，发送端的企业首先将XML数据文档发送到数据交换平台，由平台转换成符合接收端的企业数据模式的XML文档后发送给接收端，从而实现了企业间异构数据的交换。异构数据的转换由数据交换平台完成，企业不需要了解彼此的数据模式，因此本系统适用于任意企业间的数据交换，是一个通用系统。通过本文构建的系统在企业一对多发送数据的时候尤其便利。
论文首先介绍了电子数据交换的发展现状和电子商务的演变，并研究了企业间数据交换的特点和涉及到的技术。在此基础上设计了通用数据交换系统的功能，分层结构模型和数据交换的过程模型，并对具体实现进行了初步分析。然后给出了系统的具体实现，包括客户端生成XML Schema、XML文件和服务器端交互层组件、业务层组件和XML文档模式转换的实现等。接着给出了数据交换系统的部署方法并对数据交换平台进行了测试。测试结果表明本平台可以完成基础的数据交换功能。论文的最后对全文的研究进行了总结并分析了有待改进的地方，做为将来研究方向的参考。
With the development of economic globalization, electronic data exchange has become more and more important for enterprises to take part in the trade competition. Enterprises want imminently to share their resources and exchange data in a wider range. Because of the platform and data schema differences, traditional data exchange systems are no longer suitable for the requirements of the contemporary commerce. So their places will be taken by the new XML & Internet based data exchange systems.
This thesis constructed a general data exchange system for the e-business based on the XML & J2EE technology. In a data exchange process, the source enterprise firstly sends the XML data document to the data exchange platform, then the platform converts the XML document into a new document in accordance with the schema of the target enterprise and sends it to the target enterprise. Thus the data exchanges among enterprises were realized. The conversion of XML data from one schema to another is handled by the data exchange platform. It is no need for the enterprises to know about data schema of eachother. So this system is fit for the data exchange among random enterprises and is a general system. The system is especially convenient when making a one to multi-enterprise data exchange.
In this thesis, we firstly introduced the developing actuality of electronic data exchange and the e-business evolvement. Secondly we studied the specialty of business-to-business data exchange and related technologies. On the basis of previous study we designed the function, layer model & data exchange process model of the general data exchange system and made an elementary analysis of the actual implement. Then we gave out the actual implement of the entire system, including: generating XML schema file and XML file at the client side and coding the interactive layer component, the application layer component & the implement of XML file schema conversion at the server side and so on. At the latter part of the paper, we gave out the method of deploying the data exchange system and tested the data exchange platform. The test result shows that the platform can fulfil the need of basic data exchange. At last, the thesis concluded the research and analyzed the faultiness of the data exchange system as a direction of further research.
本论文采用XML和J2EE等技术构建了一个适合电子商务应用的通用数据交换系统。在数据交换中，发送端的企业首先将XML数据文档发送到数据交换平台，由平台转换成符合接收端的企业数据模式的XML文档后发送给接收端，从而实现了企业间异构数据的交换。异构数据的转换由数据交换平台完成，企业不需要了解彼此的数据模式，因此本系统适用于任意企业间的数据交换，是一个通用系统。通过本文构建的系统在企业一对多发送数据的时候尤其便利。
论文首先介绍了电子数据交换的发展现状和电子商务的演变，并研究了企业间数据交换的特点和涉及到的技术。在此基础上设计了通用数据交换系统的功能，分层结构模型和数据交换的过程模型，并对具体实现进行了初步分析。然后给出了系统的具体实现，包括客户端生成XML Schema、XML文件和服务器端交互层组件、业务层组件和XML文档模式转换的实现等。接着给出了数据交换系统的部署方法并对数据交换平台进行了测试。测试结果表明本平台可以完成基础的数据交换功能。论文的最后对全文的研究进行了总结并分析了有待改进的地方，做为将来研究方向的参考。
With the development of economic globalization, electronic data exchange has become more and more important for enterprises to take part in the trade competition. Enterprises want imminently to share their resources and exchange data in a wider range. Because of the platform and data schema differences, traditional data exchange systems are no longer suitable for the requirements of the contemporary commerce. So their places will be taken by the new XML & Internet based data exchange systems.
This thesis constructed a general data exchange system for the e-business based on the XML & J2EE technology. In a data exchange process, the source enterprise firstly sends the XML data document to the data exchange platform, then the platform converts the XML document into a new document in accordance with the schema of the target enterprise and sends it to the target enterprise. Thus the data exchanges among enterprises were realized. The conversion of XML data from one schema to another is handled by the data exchange platform. It is no need for the enterprises to know about data schema of eachother. So this system is fit for the data exchange among random enterprises and is a general system. The system is especially convenient when making a one to multi-enterprise data exchange.
In this thesis, we firstly introduced the developing actuality of electronic data exchange and the e-business evolvement. Secondly we studied the specialty of business-to-business data exchange and related technologies. On the basis of previous study we designed the function, layer model & data exchange process model of the general data exchange system and made an elementary analysis of the actual implement. Then we gave out the actual implement of the entire system, including: generating XML schema file and XML file at the client side and coding the interactive layer component, the application layer component & the implement of XML file schema conversion at the server side and so on. At the latter part of the paper, we gave out the method of deploying the data exchange system and tested the data exchange platform. The test result shows that the platform can fulfil the need of basic data exchange. At last, the thesis concluded the research and analyzed the faultiness of the data exchange system as a direction of further research.
引文
[1] (美)Kevin Dick著、邓尚贤译．XML：管理者指南—构筑XML的企业级应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．6．1
[2] 蒲慷．可扩展通用数据交换框架．成都：电子科技大学硕士学位论文，2002
[3] 张不同．电子商务数据交换技术．大连：东北财经大学出版社，2002．9．16
[4] 加里．斯奈德、詹姆斯．佩里著，成栋译．电子商务．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．1．17
[5] 柴跃廷、李芳芸、任守渠．基于分布式对象技术的BPR支撑系统．高技术通讯．1999
[6] Judge D W、Odgers B R, Shepherdson J W. Agent-enhanced workflow. BT Technology Journal. 1998, 16(3). 79-85
[7] 李云．一种异构数据库间的XML接口方案．计算机应用．2001，Vol．21．6
[8] Shegalov、Michael Gillmann, Gerhard Weikum. XML-enabled workflow manage ment for e-services across heterogeneous platforms. VLDB Journal. 2001, 10(1). 91-103
[9] PR.S. Visser, Z. Cui. Heterogenerous Ontology Structures for Distributed Architectures. ECAI-98 Workshop on Application of Ontologies and Problemsolving Methods. 112-1119
[10] Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0. http://ww.w3.org/TR/RFC-xml
[11] W3C XSL Transformations(XSLT) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation. 16 November, 1999, http://www.w3.org/TR/XSLT
[12] W3C. XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation. 16 November 1999, http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath
[13] Sun Microsystems Inc. Java2 Platform Enterprise Specifications(V1.3), 2001.9
[14] Pravin Tulachan. Developing EJB 2.0 Components. PH PTR, 2002. 164-192
[15] (美)阿卢尔等著、牛志奇等译．J2EE核心模式．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．1
[16] Roger Wolter．XML Web Service基础．Microsoft Corporation，2001．12
[17] Microsoft MSDN Online Web Services Developer. Developer Resources. http: //msdn.mocrosoft.com/webservices/default.aspx
[18] Sabrahmany Allamaraju．J2EE服务器端高级编程．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．302-356
[19] 王强兵、刘光钟．基于J2EE的企业Web计算．计算机工程．2002．1．262-264
[20] 林颖贤．基于J2EE技术的企业信息系统的开发．集美大学学报(自然科学版)．2002．9，vol．7．227-232
[21] 伊小强．J2EE全实例教程．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2002．5
[22] Liu Bing．JBuilder7& Weblogic7整合开发培训手册．BEA中国分公司培训部，2002．1
[23] 胡大奎、陈酌．JSP高级开发技术．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2001．7
[24] 黄理、洪亮、曹林有等．JSP高级编程．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2001．10
[25] 杨绍方．Java编程实用技术与案例．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[26] 沈建男．Enterprise Java Bean设计务实．北京：中国青年出版社，2002．1．181-196
[27] Lou. Marco. EJB & JSP: Java On The Edge Unlimited Edition. PH PTR, 2001.10
[28] Michel Girdley、Rob Woollen、Sandra L Emerson．J2EE应用与BEA WebLogic Server．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．4
[29] 飞思科技产品研发中心．JSP应用开发详解．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．1．68-79
[30] 董福壮、罗伟其．基于XML和Servlet的电子数据交换．计算机工程与应用． 2002．4 vol．1．44-46
[31] Simple Object Access Protocol Version 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP
[32] WSDL1.0Specificaton. http://www-4.ibm.com/software/developer/library/w-wsdl.html?dwzone=ws
[33] SOAP-Web Services Resource Center
[34] 殷晓岚、付远彬、李京．企业数据集成模式的研究．计算机工程与应用．2002．12．vol．2．54-56
[35] W3C. XSL Transformations(XSLT)Version 2.0. W3C Working Draft, http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/, Nov. 15 2002
[36] Paul Johnnason, Erik perjons. Design Principles For Application Integrations. International Conference on Advanced Information System. 2000
[37] P Johnnason、B Wangler、P javaweera. Applicaiton and Process Integraiton Concepts, Issues and Research Directions. http://site-seer.nj.nec.com/cs/integration
[38] Ahnsh, Sequincs、WrightPK. Internet-Based design and Manufacturing. 2000 Final Report, 1998-1999 for MicroProject, 98-136
[39] Sun Microsystems Inc. Java2 Platform Enterprise Specifications(V1.3). 2001.9
[40] Sun Microsystems InC. Java2 Platform Enterprise Developer's Guide(V1.2.1). 2001.9
[41] Pravin v、Tulachan. Developing EJB2.0 Components. PH PTR, 2002. 164-192
[42] (美)Chelsea Valentine等著，毛选等译．XML Schema数据库编程指南．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．5
[43] (美)Aaron Skonnard著，牛韬译．XML精要快速参考手册—XML、XPath、XSLT、XML Schema、SOAP．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．10
[44] 陈华军著．J2EE构建企业级应用解决方案．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．3．1
[45] 张洪斌等著．JBuilder／WebLogic平台的J2EE实例开发—信息科学与技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2005．9
[46] 王仲，陈晓鸥著．基于XML的数据交换与存取技术研究．计算机工程与应用．2001
[47] Michael C、Albert J,Sanich Jr. XML Development with Java2. Sams Publishing, 2000
[48] Elliotte Rusty Harold. XML Bible. IDG Books, 1999
[49] Jayavel Shan、Eugene Shekita. Efficiently Publishing Relational Data as XML Document. The VLDB Journal. 2001.10. 2-3
[50] (美)Mark Artiges著，袁毅、谈莉娅、宋燕红等译．BEA Weblogic Server 8．1大全．北京：机械工业出版社
[51] 武剑、牛文琪．数据库访问中间件的研究与构造．北京轻工业学院学报．2000．vol．18．2．13-18
[52] John Rebert Gardner、Zarella L．Rendon著，飞天工作组译．XSLT和Xpath-XML转换指南．北京：机械工业出版社．2002．4．45-61
[2] 蒲慷．可扩展通用数据交换框架．成都：电子科技大学硕士学位论文，2002
[3] 张不同．电子商务数据交换技术．大连：东北财经大学出版社，2002．9．16
[4] 加里．斯奈德、詹姆斯．佩里著，成栋译．电子商务．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．1．17
[5] 柴跃廷、李芳芸、任守渠．基于分布式对象技术的BPR支撑系统．高技术通讯．1999
[6] Judge D W、Odgers B R, Shepherdson J W. Agent-enhanced workflow. BT Technology Journal. 1998, 16(3). 79-85
[7] 李云．一种异构数据库间的XML接口方案．计算机应用．2001，Vol．21．6
[8] Shegalov、Michael Gillmann, Gerhard Weikum. XML-enabled workflow manage ment for e-services across heterogeneous platforms. VLDB Journal. 2001, 10(1). 91-103
[9] PR.S. Visser, Z. Cui. Heterogenerous Ontology Structures for Distributed Architectures. ECAI-98 Workshop on Application of Ontologies and Problemsolving Methods. 112-1119
[10] Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0. http://ww.w3.org/TR/RFC-xml
[11] W3C XSL Transformations(XSLT) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation. 16 November, 1999, http://www.w3.org/TR/XSLT
[12] W3C. XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation. 16 November 1999, http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath
[13] Sun Microsystems Inc. Java2 Platform Enterprise Specifications(V1.3), 2001.9
[14] Pravin Tulachan. Developing EJB 2.0 Components. PH PTR, 2002. 164-192
[15] (美)阿卢尔等著、牛志奇等译．J2EE核心模式．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．1
[16] Roger Wolter．XML Web Service基础．Microsoft Corporation，2001．12
[17] Microsoft MSDN Online Web Services Developer. Developer Resources. http: //msdn.mocrosoft.com/webservices/default.aspx
[18] Sabrahmany Allamaraju．J2EE服务器端高级编程．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．302-356
[19] 王强兵、刘光钟．基于J2EE的企业Web计算．计算机工程．2002．1．262-264
[20] 林颖贤．基于J2EE技术的企业信息系统的开发．集美大学学报(自然科学版)．2002．9，vol．7．227-232
[21] 伊小强．J2EE全实例教程．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2002．5
[22] Liu Bing．JBuilder7& Weblogic7整合开发培训手册．BEA中国分公司培训部，2002．1
[23] 胡大奎、陈酌．JSP高级开发技术．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2001．7
[24] 黄理、洪亮、曹林有等．JSP高级编程．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2001．10
[25] 杨绍方．Java编程实用技术与案例．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[26] 沈建男．Enterprise Java Bean设计务实．北京：中国青年出版社，2002．1．181-196
[27] Lou. Marco. EJB & JSP: Java On The Edge Unlimited Edition. PH PTR, 2001.10
[28] Michel Girdley、Rob Woollen、Sandra L Emerson．J2EE应用与BEA WebLogic Server．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．4
[29] 飞思科技产品研发中心．JSP应用开发详解．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．1．68-79
[30] 董福壮、罗伟其．基于XML和Servlet的电子数据交换．计算机工程与应用． 2002．4 vol．1．44-46
[31] Simple Object Access Protocol Version 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP
[32] WSDL1.0Specificaton. http://www-4.ibm.com/software/developer/library/w-wsdl.html?dwzone=ws
[33] SOAP-Web Services Resource Center
[34] 殷晓岚、付远彬、李京．企业数据集成模式的研究．计算机工程与应用．2002．12．vol．2．54-56
[35] W3C. XSL Transformations(XSLT)Version 2.0. W3C Working Draft, http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/, Nov. 15 2002
[36] Paul Johnnason, Erik perjons. Design Principles For Application Integrations. International Conference on Advanced Information System. 2000
[37] P Johnnason、B Wangler、P javaweera. Applicaiton and Process Integraiton Concepts, Issues and Research Directions. http://site-seer.nj.nec.com/cs/integration
[38] Ahnsh, Sequincs、WrightPK. Internet-Based design and Manufacturing. 2000 Final Report, 1998-1999 for MicroProject, 98-136
[39] Sun Microsystems Inc. Java2 Platform Enterprise Specifications(V1.3). 2001.9
[40] Sun Microsystems InC. Java2 Platform Enterprise Developer's Guide(V1.2.1). 2001.9
[41] Pravin v、Tulachan. Developing EJB2.0 Components. PH PTR, 2002. 164-192
[42] (美)Chelsea Valentine等著，毛选等译．XML Schema数据库编程指南．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．5
[43] (美)Aaron Skonnard著，牛韬译．XML精要快速参考手册—XML、XPath、XSLT、XML Schema、SOAP．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．10
[44] 陈华军著．J2EE构建企业级应用解决方案．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．3．1
[45] 张洪斌等著．JBuilder／WebLogic平台的J2EE实例开发—信息科学与技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2005．9
[46] 王仲，陈晓鸥著．基于XML的数据交换与存取技术研究．计算机工程与应用．2001
[47] Michael C、Albert J,Sanich Jr. XML Development with Java2. Sams Publishing, 2000
[48] Elliotte Rusty Harold. XML Bible. IDG Books, 1999
[49] Jayavel Shan、Eugene Shekita. Efficiently Publishing Relational Data as XML Document. The VLDB Journal. 2001.10. 2-3
[50] (美)Mark Artiges著，袁毅、谈莉娅、宋燕红等译．BEA Weblogic Server 8．1大全．北京：机械工业出版社
[51] 武剑、牛文琪．数据库访问中间件的研究与构造．北京轻工业学院学报．2000．vol．18．2．13-18
[52] John Rebert Gardner、Zarella L．Rendon著，飞天工作组译．XSLT和Xpath-XML转换指南．北京：机械工业出版社．2002．4．45-61