大米蛋白抗氧化肽的制备、分离纯化和结构鉴定
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摘要
大米蛋白质具有高生物效价、低过敏性等重要特点,受到了全世界研究者的关注。我国目前还存在着大量不适于直接食用的早稻、碎米、库存陈化米,以及工业消费生成的米渣、米糟,可以提供丰富的大米蛋白资源。抗氧化肽,作为一种天然抗氧化剂,具有强的抗氧化活性和高的安全性,引起了研究者的广泛兴趣。因此,充分开发利用大米蛋白制备抗氧化肽是重要的研究课题,具有一定的社会和经济效益。
本论文以籼米为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取得到大米蛋白浓缩物;采用不同的蛋白酶酶解,筛选出水解大米蛋白的最佳酶源为中性蛋白酶;通过响应面法分析优化得到酶解大米蛋白制备抗氧化肽的最佳条件为:[S]5.0%、[E]/[S]2.3%、pH7.0、温度37℃、时间4.2h,该条件下制备的大米蛋白抗氧化肽水解度(DH)为13.26%,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除率为60.54%。
采用8种不同的体外抗氧化模型进一步测定了大米蛋白酶解产物(NHREPs)的抗氧化活性,探讨了不同的DH对NHREPs抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,NHREPs的抗氧化活性与其水解度有关, DH为13%的NHREP是良好的电子供体和氢供体,能明显抑制亚油酸体系的自动氧化过程;具有较强的羟基自由基(·OH)及DPPH·清除能力,而清除超氧阴离子(O2-·)能力稍弱;同时具有很强的Fe~(2+)螯合能力。进一步测定不同水解度NHREPs的相对分子质量分布情况,结果发现:水解度为13%时,在500~1,020Da范围的肽段含量达54.73%。
经SP-Sephadex C-25、Sephadex G-15和半制备的RP-HPLC分离纯化NHREP(DH=13%),筛选出抗氧化活性较强的肽组分F3b和F3c。采用MALDI-TOF/TOF MS法测得F3b和F3c的相对分子质量分别为959.5和1002.5。结合TOF-MS/MS和氨基酸分析仪得出:F3b的一级序列为Phe-Arg-Asp-Glu-His-Lys-Lys(简称为FRDEHKK);F3c的一级序列结构为Lys-His-Asn-Arg-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe(KHNRGDEF)。
采用固相合成法Fmoc法合成FRDEHKK,进一步验证合成FRDEHKK的抗氧化活性试验发现:FRDEHKK能够抑制亚油酸体系的自动氧化过程,其抑制效果强于α-生育酚;不同剂量的FRDEHKK对自由基的清除能力强弱顺序依次为:·OH>DPPH·>_2~(-·)。FRDEHKK的还原能力呈现出较强的量效关系;FRDEHKK对Fe~(2+)的螯合能力接近于EDTA。推断本研究中得到的FRDEHKK和KHNRGDEF具有较高的抗氧化活性,是由于其组成氨基酸分子的供氢能力、螯合金属离子能力以及自身结构的稳定性等各方面的综合因素所决定的;多肽通过捕获自由基反应链的过氧化自由基,本身成为较稳定的自由基中间体,阻止或减弱了自由基链式反应的进行。
Rice endosperm protein (REP) is hypoallergenic and contains good quantity of amino acids, which aroused researchers’great interests all over the world. Simultaneously, as natural antioxidants, antioxidant peptides gained from proteins have attracted increasing interests because of their safety and wide distribution properties in recent years. Actually, there were large numbers of rice for REP in China. Therefore, if REP is further exploited and utilized, it can represent a significant economic and social benefit.
In this dissertation, REP was extracted from rice flour by the procedure of extracting, separating, concentrating and drying. Further, REP was hydrolyzed by five types of proteases, and Neutrase was chosen as the optimum enzyme to hydrolyze REP for antioxidant peptides. The optimum conditions for Neutrase hydrolysates (NHREPs) were determined by response surface methodology as follows: [E]/[S] 2.3%; Temperature 37°C; pH7.0 and Time 4.2h. Under the optimum conditions, DH of the NHREP was 13.26%, and its DPPH radical (DPPH·) scavenging activity reached 60.54%.
The antioxidant properties of NHREPs at various DH were evaluated using different antioxidant assays in vitro. The results showed that the antioxidant activities of NHREPs were related with its DH, and NHREP at DH 13% had the most powerful antioxidant activities. The molecular weight distribution profile of NHREPs exhibited that the ratio of peptide, with molecular weight between 500 and 1,020, was 54.73% at DH 13%.
NHREP (DH=13%) was initially separated using SP-Sephadex C-25, Sephadex G-15 and RP-HPLC. At last, F3b and F3c with higher antioxidative activities were collected. The F3b and F3c were then identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS combined with the amino acids composition analysis. Their molecular weights were 959.5 and 1002.5 respectively. The amino acid sequence of F3b was Phe-Arg-Asp-Glu-His-Lys-Lys(that is FRDEHKK), and that of F3c was Lys-His-Asn-Arg-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe (KHNRGDEF).
At last, FRDEHKK was chemically synthesized. And its antioxidant activities were validated using the linoleic acid model system and the DPPH/superoxide/hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. It exhibited higher inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid model system than that ofα-tocopherol at the same concentration. The order of its free radical scavenging activities was hydroxyl radical>DPPH radical>superoxide radical. Moreover, this peptide possessed strong Fe~(2+) chelating effect, which was close to EDTA. At the molecular level, we deduced that the amino acid compositions and sequences of the peptides might play an important role in their activities. Donating protons easily to electron deficient radicals and chelating ions effect of the peptides may have also contributed to its higher radical scavenging potential. By capturing peroxide free radicals, peptides developed into more stable intermediates, prevented or diminished the free radicals chain reaction.
本论文以籼米为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取得到大米蛋白浓缩物;采用不同的蛋白酶酶解,筛选出水解大米蛋白的最佳酶源为中性蛋白酶;通过响应面法分析优化得到酶解大米蛋白制备抗氧化肽的最佳条件为:[S]5.0%、[E]/[S]2.3%、pH7.0、温度37℃、时间4.2h,该条件下制备的大米蛋白抗氧化肽水解度(DH)为13.26%,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除率为60.54%。
采用8种不同的体外抗氧化模型进一步测定了大米蛋白酶解产物(NHREPs)的抗氧化活性,探讨了不同的DH对NHREPs抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,NHREPs的抗氧化活性与其水解度有关, DH为13%的NHREP是良好的电子供体和氢供体,能明显抑制亚油酸体系的自动氧化过程;具有较强的羟基自由基(·OH)及DPPH·清除能力,而清除超氧阴离子(O2-·)能力稍弱;同时具有很强的Fe~(2+)螯合能力。进一步测定不同水解度NHREPs的相对分子质量分布情况,结果发现:水解度为13%时,在500~1,020Da范围的肽段含量达54.73%。
经SP-Sephadex C-25、Sephadex G-15和半制备的RP-HPLC分离纯化NHREP(DH=13%),筛选出抗氧化活性较强的肽组分F3b和F3c。采用MALDI-TOF/TOF MS法测得F3b和F3c的相对分子质量分别为959.5和1002.5。结合TOF-MS/MS和氨基酸分析仪得出:F3b的一级序列为Phe-Arg-Asp-Glu-His-Lys-Lys(简称为FRDEHKK);F3c的一级序列结构为Lys-His-Asn-Arg-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe(KHNRGDEF)。
采用固相合成法Fmoc法合成FRDEHKK,进一步验证合成FRDEHKK的抗氧化活性试验发现:FRDEHKK能够抑制亚油酸体系的自动氧化过程,其抑制效果强于α-生育酚;不同剂量的FRDEHKK对自由基的清除能力强弱顺序依次为:·OH>DPPH·>_2~(-·)。FRDEHKK的还原能力呈现出较强的量效关系;FRDEHKK对Fe~(2+)的螯合能力接近于EDTA。推断本研究中得到的FRDEHKK和KHNRGDEF具有较高的抗氧化活性,是由于其组成氨基酸分子的供氢能力、螯合金属离子能力以及自身结构的稳定性等各方面的综合因素所决定的;多肽通过捕获自由基反应链的过氧化自由基,本身成为较稳定的自由基中间体,阻止或减弱了自由基链式反应的进行。
Rice endosperm protein (REP) is hypoallergenic and contains good quantity of amino acids, which aroused researchers’great interests all over the world. Simultaneously, as natural antioxidants, antioxidant peptides gained from proteins have attracted increasing interests because of their safety and wide distribution properties in recent years. Actually, there were large numbers of rice for REP in China. Therefore, if REP is further exploited and utilized, it can represent a significant economic and social benefit.
In this dissertation, REP was extracted from rice flour by the procedure of extracting, separating, concentrating and drying. Further, REP was hydrolyzed by five types of proteases, and Neutrase was chosen as the optimum enzyme to hydrolyze REP for antioxidant peptides. The optimum conditions for Neutrase hydrolysates (NHREPs) were determined by response surface methodology as follows: [E]/[S] 2.3%; Temperature 37°C; pH7.0 and Time 4.2h. Under the optimum conditions, DH of the NHREP was 13.26%, and its DPPH radical (DPPH·) scavenging activity reached 60.54%.
The antioxidant properties of NHREPs at various DH were evaluated using different antioxidant assays in vitro. The results showed that the antioxidant activities of NHREPs were related with its DH, and NHREP at DH 13% had the most powerful antioxidant activities. The molecular weight distribution profile of NHREPs exhibited that the ratio of peptide, with molecular weight between 500 and 1,020, was 54.73% at DH 13%.
NHREP (DH=13%) was initially separated using SP-Sephadex C-25, Sephadex G-15 and RP-HPLC. At last, F3b and F3c with higher antioxidative activities were collected. The F3b and F3c were then identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS combined with the amino acids composition analysis. Their molecular weights were 959.5 and 1002.5 respectively. The amino acid sequence of F3b was Phe-Arg-Asp-Glu-His-Lys-Lys(that is FRDEHKK), and that of F3c was Lys-His-Asn-Arg-Gly-Asp-Glu-Phe (KHNRGDEF).
At last, FRDEHKK was chemically synthesized. And its antioxidant activities were validated using the linoleic acid model system and the DPPH/superoxide/hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. It exhibited higher inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid model system than that ofα-tocopherol at the same concentration. The order of its free radical scavenging activities was hydroxyl radical>DPPH radical>superoxide radical. Moreover, this peptide possessed strong Fe~(2+) chelating effect, which was close to EDTA. At the molecular level, we deduced that the amino acid compositions and sequences of the peptides might play an important role in their activities. Donating protons easily to electron deficient radicals and chelating ions effect of the peptides may have also contributed to its higher radical scavenging potential. By capturing peroxide free radicals, peptides developed into more stable intermediates, prevented or diminished the free radicals chain reaction.
引文
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