焦化污水生物脱氮处理新技术的研究
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摘要
脱氮是焦化污水处理中的重要环节，焦化污水含有大量氨氮，过量的氨氮排入水体，会给水体带来严重的污染。传统的脱氮技术存在处理时间长、运行成本高等问题。因此，研究节能型生物脱氮新工艺是控制水体污染、保护水环境的重要课题。
本文在归纳总结前人研究成果的基础上，首次将部分亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮新工艺应用于焦化污水的处理研究中，并取得了一定成果。
首先，将鞍钢化工厂二沉池的回流污泥在实验室内成功地进行了课题研究所需好氧和厌氧污泥的培养与驯化。同时，根据微生物的特性完成了好氧和厌氧生物反应器的启动。
对部分亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺处理焦化污水的各影响因素进行了研究，得出焦化污水实现亚硝酸盐氮累积的最佳控制范围：温度为35℃左右，pH为8.1～8.3，水力停留时间为16小时左右，污泥龄为15～60天；厌氧氨氧化的最佳控制范围：进水NH_4~+／NO_2~-比值为1.7：1～2.2：1，pH值为8.0左右，温度为35℃左右。为工程实际应用创造了条件。
在系统整体运行试验中，考察了各单元的运行条件及效果，验证了新工艺处理焦化污水的可行性。经该工艺处理的焦化污水出水达到《国家污水综合排放标准》(一级)，氨氮去除率可以达到96～100％，总氮去除率可以达到64～72％，COD去除率可以达到93～95％。
Denitrification was one of the important disposal processes for coking wastewater including massive ammonia-N. The discharged ammonia-N seriously polluted the waterbodies. Traditional denitrogenation technology had such problems as long processing time, high operating cost etc. In this paper, a new type biology denitrogenation technology, which could control the water pollution and protect the aquatic environment more well, was concerned to dispose the problems.On the basis of many literatures, the new biological denitrification process called "Partial-nitritacation—Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation" has been studied originally on the coking wastewater treatment and certain results have been acquired.First of all, in the laboratory aerobic and anaerobic microorganism was cultivated and domesticated successfully from the returned sludge of secondary sedimentation tank of the coked plant of Anshan Iron and Steel Group. At the same time, the start-up of the nitrious nitrification bioreactor and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bioreactor were completed according to the microorganism characteristics.The influential factors of Partial-nitritacation—Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process in the treatment of coking wastewater were investigated. The optimal conditions for the nitrous nitrification were obtained as following: temperature about 35℃, pH value about from 8.1 to 8.3, hydraulic residence time about 16h, sludge residence time about from 15d to 60d. While the optimal conditions of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bioreactor were achieved as following: NH_4~+/NO_2~- ratio about from 1.7 to 2.2, pH value about 8.0, temperature about 35℃. These reaction conditions could be applied in the pratical engineerings.The operating condition and treatment effect of every unit were concerned; further more, the feasibilities of new process were verified in the test of disposing the coking wastewater in the whole system. The results showed that drainage water conformed to the standard GB8978-96(A Level) when coking wastewater was treated by the new process. The treatment parameters of the system were gained as following: ammonium-N removal efficiency 96% and above, total nitrogen removal efficiency varied from 64% to 72% and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency in the range of 93% to 95%.
本文在归纳总结前人研究成果的基础上，首次将部分亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮新工艺应用于焦化污水的处理研究中，并取得了一定成果。
首先，将鞍钢化工厂二沉池的回流污泥在实验室内成功地进行了课题研究所需好氧和厌氧污泥的培养与驯化。同时，根据微生物的特性完成了好氧和厌氧生物反应器的启动。
对部分亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺处理焦化污水的各影响因素进行了研究，得出焦化污水实现亚硝酸盐氮累积的最佳控制范围：温度为35℃左右，pH为8.1～8.3，水力停留时间为16小时左右，污泥龄为15～60天；厌氧氨氧化的最佳控制范围：进水NH_4~+／NO_2~-比值为1.7：1～2.2：1，pH值为8.0左右，温度为35℃左右。为工程实际应用创造了条件。
在系统整体运行试验中，考察了各单元的运行条件及效果，验证了新工艺处理焦化污水的可行性。经该工艺处理的焦化污水出水达到《国家污水综合排放标准》(一级)，氨氮去除率可以达到96～100％，总氮去除率可以达到64～72％，COD去除率可以达到93～95％。
Denitrification was one of the important disposal processes for coking wastewater including massive ammonia-N. The discharged ammonia-N seriously polluted the waterbodies. Traditional denitrogenation technology had such problems as long processing time, high operating cost etc. In this paper, a new type biology denitrogenation technology, which could control the water pollution and protect the aquatic environment more well, was concerned to dispose the problems.On the basis of many literatures, the new biological denitrification process called "Partial-nitritacation—Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation" has been studied originally on the coking wastewater treatment and certain results have been acquired.First of all, in the laboratory aerobic and anaerobic microorganism was cultivated and domesticated successfully from the returned sludge of secondary sedimentation tank of the coked plant of Anshan Iron and Steel Group. At the same time, the start-up of the nitrious nitrification bioreactor and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bioreactor were completed according to the microorganism characteristics.The influential factors of Partial-nitritacation—Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process in the treatment of coking wastewater were investigated. The optimal conditions for the nitrous nitrification were obtained as following: temperature about 35℃, pH value about from 8.1 to 8.3, hydraulic residence time about 16h, sludge residence time about from 15d to 60d. While the optimal conditions of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bioreactor were achieved as following: NH_4~+/NO_2~- ratio about from 1.7 to 2.2, pH value about 8.0, temperature about 35℃. These reaction conditions could be applied in the pratical engineerings.The operating condition and treatment effect of every unit were concerned; further more, the feasibilities of new process were verified in the test of disposing the coking wastewater in the whole system. The results showed that drainage water conformed to the standard GB8978-96(A Level) when coking wastewater was treated by the new process. The treatment parameters of the system were gained as following: ammonium-N removal efficiency 96% and above, total nitrogen removal efficiency varied from 64% to 72% and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency in the range of 93% to 95%.
引文
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