汽轮发电机组自激振动故障分析和应用研究
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摘要
本文以大量自激振动故障现场处理案例为基础,将轴瓦自激振动按照产生原因、部位、故障发生工况进行分类,将汽流激振按照故障严重程度、发生时间、故障原因和故障负荷进行分类；深入分析各类故障的现象、典型特征以及产生原因,并在此基础上总结轴瓦自激振动与汽流激振的主要特征；根据特征分析对机组自激振动故障按照振动性质、振动部位、振动具体原因的步骤进行诊断,使用FMEA和FTA相结合的方法制作了自激振动的故障树,并提出在线抑制措施和检修方案；最后以实际案例为依据,对某300MW机组发电机前轴承轴瓦自激振动和海门1000MW机组汽流激振进行仿真；研究结果对于汽轮发电机组自激振动故障的判定和治理具有理论指导意义和实践价值。
Based on a large number of self-excited vibration fault case, the paper classified the bearing self-excited vibration accordance with the causes, location, operating conditions when the failure occurred, and classified the steam flow excitation vibration accordance with failure severity, time of occurrence, failure causes and the unit load when failure occurred. This paper made an In-depth analysis of phenomenon of various types of faults, typical characteristics and causes for bearing self-excited vibration and steam flow excitation vibration, and concluded main features of these two faults on this basis. According to characteristics of self-excited vibration fault of the unit, the paper made a diagnosis with the steps of vibration Properties, vibration position and vibration causes, produced the fault tree of self-excited vibration of using the method of combining FMEA and FTA and proposed On-line elimination and maintenance programs. Finally, based on actual cases, the paper did simulation for bearing self-excited vibration of generator front bearing in 300MW unit and steam flow excitation vibration of 1000MW unit in a plant. The results of this study have theoretical guidance and practical value to determine and control of self-excited vibration failure of turbine-generator unit.
Based on a large number of self-excited vibration fault case, the paper classified the bearing self-excited vibration accordance with the causes, location, operating conditions when the failure occurred, and classified the steam flow excitation vibration accordance with failure severity, time of occurrence, failure causes and the unit load when failure occurred. This paper made an In-depth analysis of phenomenon of various types of faults, typical characteristics and causes for bearing self-excited vibration and steam flow excitation vibration, and concluded main features of these two faults on this basis. According to characteristics of self-excited vibration fault of the unit, the paper made a diagnosis with the steps of vibration Properties, vibration position and vibration causes, produced the fault tree of self-excited vibration of using the method of combining FMEA and FTA and proposed On-line elimination and maintenance programs. Finally, based on actual cases, the paper did simulation for bearing self-excited vibration of generator front bearing in 300MW unit and steam flow excitation vibration of 1000MW unit in a plant. The results of this study have theoretical guidance and practical value to determine and control of self-excited vibration failure of turbine-generator unit.
引文
[1]李录平,卢绪祥.汽轮发电机组振动与处理[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007.8：172-183
[2]张学延.汽轮发电机组振动诊断[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.11：68-70
[3]寇胜利.汽轮发电机组的振动及现场平衡[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007.8：58-59
[4]尹绪雨.大型汽轮发电机组油膜失稳故障诊断技术的研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：华北电力大学,2009：1-3
[5]郭平英,党原健.某进口330MW汽轮发电机油膜振荡的分析和处理[J].研究与分析,2006,35(2)：32-33
[6]白尚刚,庞秀荣.秦岭2号汽轮发电机组油膜振荡原因分析及处理[J].西北电力技术,2004.3：109-110
[7]王延博,张学延,寇胜利.汽轮发电机组轴系低频振动故障特征及其诊断实例[J].热力发电,2005, (1)：32-35
[8]周景.引进型抽凝机组汽流激振故障机理分析及对策研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2007：32-33
[9]孙钦山.汽轮机汽流激振的原因分析及消振措施[J].热力发电,2007(4)：74-76
[10]张学延,李亚军.300MW机组高中压转子低频振动原因分析及对策[J].热力发电,1999(6)：6-9
[11]杨彦卿,王景斌,张怀文,贾瑛.300MW机组汽流激振原因分析及应对策略[J].动力工程,2005,25(1)：30-33
[12]王向前,刘景春,杨晓东.800MW超临界汽轮机汽流激振问题的解决[J].东北电力技术,2002(3)：4-8
[13]陆颂元.320MW机组轴系汽流诱发非稳定低频振动的试验研究及计算分析[J].动力工程,2001,21(2)：1093～1098
[14]张学延,王延博,张卫军.大型汽轮机汽流激振问题的分析和处理[J].热力发电,2004,14(02)：47-54
[15]张学延,王延博,张卫军.超临界压力汽轮机蒸汽激振问题分析及对策[J].中国电力,2002, (12)：42～43
[16]Muszynska.A. Whirl and Whip-Rotor／Bearing Stability Problems[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1986,110(3):443-462
[17]Lund, J. W. Review of the Concept of Dynamic Coefficients for Fluid Film Journal Bearing[J]. Journal of Tribology.1987.37 -41
[18]C.J.Myers. Bifurcation Theory Applied to Oil Whirl in Plain Cylindrical Journal Bearings[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol51, No2,244-250
[19]Becker E. Condition-oriented maintenance of vectical roller mills through autonomous telediagnostic systems with e-mail signaling[J]. ZKG International,2000,53(50):262-268
[20]Deepak J. C. Noah S. I. Experiment Verification of Sub-critical Whirl Bifurcation of a Rotor Supported on a Fluid Film Bearing[J]. Trans Of ASME Journal of Tribology,1998.605-609
[21]B.Sternlicht. Stability and Dynamics of Rotors Supported on Fluid-film[J]. Bearing Journal of Engineering for Power,1963.341 - 342
[22]曹树谦,陈予恕.多种非线性力作用下不平衡弹性转子的分岔特性[J].应用力学学报,2003,20(3)：56-60
[23]张文等.有限长轴承非稳态油膜力建模及非线性油膜失稳[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(1)：9～12
[24]张彦梅,陆启韶,张思进.一种非稳态油膜力模型下转子系统的碰摩分岔分析[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(1)：68-73
[25]刘淑莲,郑水英,应光耀等.稳态和非稳态油膜力模型下的转子系统非线性特征比较[J].机床与液压,2004,8：46～48
[26]施维新,石静波.汽轮发电机组振动及事故[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.8：162-163
[27]陆颂元.汽轮发电机振动[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2000.4：64-96
[28]赵刚,蒋东翔,周斌等.汽流激振故障的分析及处理[J].汽轮机技术,2004,46(2)：123-124
[29]史进渊,张汉英,许楚镇.国外大机组轴系重大事故综述[J].超临界技术信息跟踪,1991(6)：1～12
[30]THOMASHJ. Unstable oscillations of turbine rotors due to steam leakagein the sealing land sand the buckets[J].Bullet in Scientifique AJM,1958, (71):223-236
[31]ALFORDJS. Protecting turbomachinery from self-excited whirl[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Power,1965 (5):333 - 344
[32]Cheng Shu, Gao Qinhe. Expert system of fault diagnosis based on the neural network and regulations[J]. Intelligent Control and Automation, 2000(1):217-220
[33]荆建平,孟光,赵枚,赵三星,刘言.超超临界汽轮机汽流激振研究现状与展望[J].汽轮机技术,2004,46(6)：405～410
[34]JEFFREY MOORE J. Three dimensional CFD rotor dynamic analysis of gas labyrinth seals[J] J Vib Acoust,2003,125:427-433
[35]史进渊,孙庆,危奇,钟小萍,龚汗声.超超临界汽轮机汽流激振的研究[J].动力工程,2003,23(5)：2620-2624
[36]柴山,张耀明,曲庆文等.汽轮机间隙气流激振力分析[J].中国工程科学,2001,3(4)：68～72
[37]陈佐一.用振荡流体力学方法确定汽轮机叶片的气动激振力[J].汽轮机技术,1996,38(5)：283～288
[38]鲁周勋,谢友柏.迷宫密封中流场的有限差分模拟[J].应用力学学报,
1992,9(3)：87～92
[39]李雪松,黄典贵.迷宫气封三维非定常流场及转子动特性数值仿真[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(4)：136-140
[40]杨建刚.汽流激振对轴系稳定性的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1998,18(1)：35～42
[41]晏砺堂.高速旋转机械振动[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1998：76-80
[42]张勇军,王海明.75MW机组油膜振荡产生原因分析与处理[J].湖北电力,2003,27(4)：46～48
[43]杨金福,崔颖,付忠广,刘占生.200MW汽轮机低压转子-轴承油膜振荡特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(S)：165-172
[44]季慧忠.300MW机组气流激振原因分析[J].内蒙古电力技术,2006,24(增刊)：87～88
[45]魏继龙.300MW汽轮机的汽流激振及处理[J].湖南电力,1999,19(4)：44-45
[46]胡光辉.CC12_50_10_1_75抽凝式汽轮机组的油膜振荡分析与处理[J].中国电力教育,2006年研究综述与技术论坛专刊：152-153
[47]张天锁.N3_24型汽轮发电机组自激振动的诊断与处理[J].青海电力,1998(4)：30-35
[48]杜连庆,刘心刚,赵彤军,纪玉波.大容量机组汽流激振及消除措施研究[J].汽轮机技术,1998,40(2)：112-113
[49]郭力,许第洪,卿启湘.大型汽轮发电机组低频振动解决办法[J].东北电力技术,1997(10)：1-2
[50]范建富.邹县电厂4号机组(330MW)汽流激振故障分析[J].山东电力技术,2007, (2)：59-63
[51]郑勇,李明,王永庆,秦晓伟等.大型汽轮机汽流激振故障的分析处理[J].技术交流与应用,2005(3)：32-33
[52]蔡伟.大型汽轮机组油膜振荡的分析和处理[J].中国重型装备,2008(3)：44-45
[53]何幼江.典型蒸汽振荡引起汽轮机高压转子低频振动实例的分析与消除[J].青海电力,1999(21)：33-34
[54]孟广波,张瑞青,杜祖成,张延峰.对机组发生汽流激振的处理及思考[J].东北电力技术,2006,2(4)：315-316
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[56]张风光,李守伦,罗剑斌.国产300MW汽轮机高中缸跑偏引起蒸汽激振的处理[J].河南电力,2006(4)：44-45
[57]靖长财.国华公司汽轮机汽流激振分析和风险评估[J].河北电力技术,2005,24(3)：11～12
[58]张全明.汽流激振对轴瓦振动的影响及处理[J].上海电力,2003(2)：153-154
[59]邱艳荣.汽轮机组汽流激振分析与诊断：[硕士学位论文].北京：华北电力大学,2008：2-3
[60]韩红林.200MW汽轮发电机组汽流激振分析与治理研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：华北电力大学,2003：32-33
[2]张学延.汽轮发电机组振动诊断[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.11：68-70
[3]寇胜利.汽轮发电机组的振动及现场平衡[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2007.8：58-59
[4]尹绪雨.大型汽轮发电机组油膜失稳故障诊断技术的研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：华北电力大学,2009：1-3
[5]郭平英,党原健.某进口330MW汽轮发电机油膜振荡的分析和处理[J].研究与分析,2006,35(2)：32-33
[6]白尚刚,庞秀荣.秦岭2号汽轮发电机组油膜振荡原因分析及处理[J].西北电力技术,2004.3：109-110
[7]王延博,张学延,寇胜利.汽轮发电机组轴系低频振动故障特征及其诊断实例[J].热力发电,2005, (1)：32-35
[8]周景.引进型抽凝机组汽流激振故障机理分析及对策研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2007：32-33
[9]孙钦山.汽轮机汽流激振的原因分析及消振措施[J].热力发电,2007(4)：74-76
[10]张学延,李亚军.300MW机组高中压转子低频振动原因分析及对策[J].热力发电,1999(6)：6-9
[11]杨彦卿,王景斌,张怀文,贾瑛.300MW机组汽流激振原因分析及应对策略[J].动力工程,2005,25(1)：30-33
[12]王向前,刘景春,杨晓东.800MW超临界汽轮机汽流激振问题的解决[J].东北电力技术,2002(3)：4-8
[13]陆颂元.320MW机组轴系汽流诱发非稳定低频振动的试验研究及计算分析[J].动力工程,2001,21(2)：1093～1098
[14]张学延,王延博,张卫军.大型汽轮机汽流激振问题的分析和处理[J].热力发电,2004,14(02)：47-54
[15]张学延,王延博,张卫军.超临界压力汽轮机蒸汽激振问题分析及对策[J].中国电力,2002, (12)：42～43
[16]Muszynska.A. Whirl and Whip-Rotor／Bearing Stability Problems[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1986,110(3):443-462
[17]Lund, J. W. Review of the Concept of Dynamic Coefficients for Fluid Film Journal Bearing[J]. Journal of Tribology.1987.37 -41
[18]C.J.Myers. Bifurcation Theory Applied to Oil Whirl in Plain Cylindrical Journal Bearings[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol51, No2,244-250
[19]Becker E. Condition-oriented maintenance of vectical roller mills through autonomous telediagnostic systems with e-mail signaling[J]. ZKG International,2000,53(50):262-268
[20]Deepak J. C. Noah S. I. Experiment Verification of Sub-critical Whirl Bifurcation of a Rotor Supported on a Fluid Film Bearing[J]. Trans Of ASME Journal of Tribology,1998.605-609
[21]B.Sternlicht. Stability and Dynamics of Rotors Supported on Fluid-film[J]. Bearing Journal of Engineering for Power,1963.341 - 342
[22]曹树谦,陈予恕.多种非线性力作用下不平衡弹性转子的分岔特性[J].应用力学学报,2003,20(3)：56-60
[23]张文等.有限长轴承非稳态油膜力建模及非线性油膜失稳[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(1)：9～12
[24]张彦梅,陆启韶,张思进.一种非稳态油膜力模型下转子系统的碰摩分岔分析[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(1)：68-73
[25]刘淑莲,郑水英,应光耀等.稳态和非稳态油膜力模型下的转子系统非线性特征比较[J].机床与液压,2004,8：46～48
[26]施维新,石静波.汽轮发电机组振动及事故[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008.8：162-163
[27]陆颂元.汽轮发电机振动[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2000.4：64-96
[28]赵刚,蒋东翔,周斌等.汽流激振故障的分析及处理[J].汽轮机技术,2004,46(2)：123-124
[29]史进渊,张汉英,许楚镇.国外大机组轴系重大事故综述[J].超临界技术信息跟踪,1991(6)：1～12
[30]THOMASHJ. Unstable oscillations of turbine rotors due to steam leakagein the sealing land sand the buckets[J].Bullet in Scientifique AJM,1958, (71):223-236
[31]ALFORDJS. Protecting turbomachinery from self-excited whirl[J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Power,1965 (5):333 - 344
[32]Cheng Shu, Gao Qinhe. Expert system of fault diagnosis based on the neural network and regulations[J]. Intelligent Control and Automation, 2000(1):217-220
[33]荆建平,孟光,赵枚,赵三星,刘言.超超临界汽轮机汽流激振研究现状与展望[J].汽轮机技术,2004,46(6)：405～410
[34]JEFFREY MOORE J. Three dimensional CFD rotor dynamic analysis of gas labyrinth seals[J] J Vib Acoust,2003,125:427-433
[35]史进渊,孙庆,危奇,钟小萍,龚汗声.超超临界汽轮机汽流激振的研究[J].动力工程,2003,23(5)：2620-2624
[36]柴山,张耀明,曲庆文等.汽轮机间隙气流激振力分析[J].中国工程科学,2001,3(4)：68～72
[37]陈佐一.用振荡流体力学方法确定汽轮机叶片的气动激振力[J].汽轮机技术,1996,38(5)：283～288
[38]鲁周勋,谢友柏.迷宫密封中流场的有限差分模拟[J].应用力学学报,
1992,9(3)：87～92
[39]李雪松,黄典贵.迷宫气封三维非定常流场及转子动特性数值仿真[J].机械工程学报,2003,39(4)：136-140
[40]杨建刚.汽流激振对轴系稳定性的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1998,18(1)：35～42
[41]晏砺堂.高速旋转机械振动[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1998：76-80
[42]张勇军,王海明.75MW机组油膜振荡产生原因分析与处理[J].湖北电力,2003,27(4)：46～48
[43]杨金福,崔颖,付忠广,刘占生.200MW汽轮机低压转子-轴承油膜振荡特性研究[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(S)：165-172
[44]季慧忠.300MW机组气流激振原因分析[J].内蒙古电力技术,2006,24(增刊)：87～88
[45]魏继龙.300MW汽轮机的汽流激振及处理[J].湖南电力,1999,19(4)：44-45
[46]胡光辉.CC12_50_10_1_75抽凝式汽轮机组的油膜振荡分析与处理[J].中国电力教育,2006年研究综述与技术论坛专刊：152-153
[47]张天锁.N3_24型汽轮发电机组自激振动的诊断与处理[J].青海电力,1998(4)：30-35
[48]杜连庆,刘心刚,赵彤军,纪玉波.大容量机组汽流激振及消除措施研究[J].汽轮机技术,1998,40(2)：112-113
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