火电厂大气污染物综合控制技术优化研究
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摘要
本文在技术成熟可靠、目前普遍应用或有较大应用前景的发电技术中选取以下六种具有代表性的技术进行了研究:常规燃煤技术、超临界、超超临界、循环流化床、燃气蒸汽联合循环、整体煤气化联合循环,并在考虑多种大气污染物综合控制(如袋式除尘器、烟气脱硫、烟气脱硝等)的基础上就不同的时间点进行发电技术和污染控制技术的组合。为了综合评判这些组合的经济性、资源节约和环保性能,用层次分析法建立了数学模型。通过多专家打分的形式计算得出了上述组合的技术排序。此结论对未来不同时期(如2010年和2020年)企业选择经济、环保、资源节约型发电技术,以及政府进行能源战略研究、制定规划时优化发电技术,具有一定的参考作用。
In the paper,based on the mature,universal and greatly applied foreground technologies for power generation,six representative ones,such as common coal-fired technolog- y,supercritical,ultra supercritical,circulating fluidized bed,combined cycle gas turbine and integrated gasification combined cycle are selected for the study.With the comprehensive air pollution controls(bag filter,FGD and flue gas denitration),power generation and pollution control technique are combined for different time point.To comprehensively evaluate the combined economic,resource conservation and environmental performance of these comb- inations,mathematics model is built up by the analytic hierarchy process.In the form of experts points technology schedule of the above combinations is calculated.This conclusion has a certain reference function for enterprise's option to the economy,environmental protection,resource-saving technology for power generation and the government's strategy for energy research,development planning optimization technology for power generation in the different future period (such as 2010 and 2020).
In the paper,based on the mature,universal and greatly applied foreground technologies for power generation,six representative ones,such as common coal-fired technolog- y,supercritical,ultra supercritical,circulating fluidized bed,combined cycle gas turbine and integrated gasification combined cycle are selected for the study.With the comprehensive air pollution controls(bag filter,FGD and flue gas denitration),power generation and pollution control technique are combined for different time point.To comprehensively evaluate the combined economic,resource conservation and environmental performance of these comb- inations,mathematics model is built up by the analytic hierarchy process.In the form of experts points technology schedule of the above combinations is calculated.This conclusion has a certain reference function for enterprise's option to the economy,environmental protection,resource-saving technology for power generation and the government's strategy for energy research,development planning optimization technology for power generation in the different future period (such as 2010 and 2020).
引文
[1] 中国电力企业联合会.中国电力行业年度发展报告 2006.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.1～126
[2] 《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》.北京:人民出版社,2006.15～39
[3] 联合国贸易与发展会议.《环境成本和负债的会计与财务报告》.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2003.1～34
[4] 方韬,李才华,张粒子.发电企业环境成本研究.中国电力,2005,38(11):16～20
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[6] 《中国电力百科全书》(第二版,火力发电卷).北京:中国电力出版社,2001.396
[7] 黄其励.能源论坛.21 世纪发电新技术.http://www.china5e.com/disser- tation/gasturbines/2000-1/p-4.htm
[8] 周丽.循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率的控制.能源技术与管理,2006(4):56～57
[9] 循环流化床机组能耗分析系统. 能源技术与管理,2006,39(7):39
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[11] 余廷芳,汪霞.部分煤气化结合流化床燃烧技术的联合循环发电系统用分析.热力发电,2006(3):1～4
[12] 史本天,郭新生,刘英萍,等.IGCC发电系统中煤气化工艺的选择.燃气轮机技术,2006,19(1):21～25
[13] 超临界煤粉蒸汽电厂与 IGCC 电厂的排放比较.燃气轮机技术,2006,19(1):63
[14] 王志轩.“十一五”电力环境保护与资源节约规划探讨[J].中国电力,2006,39(1):97～102
[15] 郑楚光.燃烧过程中有害物质的富集与超细颗粒物的形成.东莞理工学院学报,2006,13(4):20～24
[16] 赵毅,王志轩,马双忱,等.袋式除尘器在燃煤电厂的应用与前景[J].华北电力大学学报,2003,30(6):90～93
[17] 王薇.火电厂脱硫技术应用综述.贵州电力技术,2006(2):21～24
[18] 刘利,程养学,喻文熙,等.火电厂烟气脱硫工艺概述及脱硫国产化.能源环境保护,2006,20(4):1～5
[19] 蒋德林,周其刚,冯华伟.燃煤电厂脱硫现状及展望.能源环境保护,2006,20(3):10～14
[20] 汪文选,肖志军,夏怀祥.火电厂脱硝技术综述.电力设备,2006,7(8):1～5
[21] 陈杭君,赵华,丁经纬.火电厂烟气脱硝技术介绍.热力发电,2006,2:15～18
[22] Jason Makansi.Will combined SO2,NO processes find a niche in the market[J].Power,1990,(9):26～28
[23] James T Yeh, Richard J Demski,James I Joubert.Combined SO2 and NOx Removal from Rue Gas[J].Environmental Progress,1985,4(4):223～228
[24] Kazuhiko Tsuji,Ikuo Shiraishi.Combined denitrification an dreduction of air toxics using activatedcoke.Fuel,1997,76(6):549～559
[25] Bon Jun Ku.Treatment of Activated Coke to Enhance Catalytic Activity for Reduction of Nitric Oxide Ammonia[J].Ind.Eng.Chem.Res,1994,33(11):2868～2873
[26] 赵毅,马双忱,黄建军,等.高活性吸收剂脱硫和脱氮实验及机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,(10):236-240
[27] 唐修义,黄文辉,等.中国煤中微量元素.北京:商务印书馆,2004,13～239
[28] Huang Yaji,Jin Baosheng,Zhong Zhaoping,et a1.Study on the distribution of trace elements in gasification products [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(1l):208～2l2
[29] Xu Minghou,Zheng Chuguang,Feng Rong,et a1.Overview oftrace elements research in coal combustion process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2001,21(10):33～38
[30] 程俊峰,曾汉才,韩军.燃煤电站锅炉痕量重金属的释放与控制.热力发电,2002,31(2):23～30,58
[31] 刘迎晖,郑楚光,程俊峰,等.燃煤烟气中汞的形态及其分析方法.燃料化学学报,2000,28(5):463～467
[32] 徐明厚,郑楚光,冯荣,等.煤燃烧过程中痕量元素的排放现状[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(10):33～38
[33] 吴昊,邱建荣,王泉海,等.煤中汞在燃煤电站中的形态转化.电力环境保护,2003,19(1):29～31
[34] Miller,S.J.,Dunham,G.E,Olson,E.S.,Brown,T.D.,2003.Flue gas effects on a carbon-based mercury sorbent.Fuel Process.Technol.65～66,343～363
[35]Kilgroe,J.D.,Sedman,C.B.,Srivastava,R.K.,Ryan,J.V.,Lee,C.W.,Thorneloe,S.A.,2002.Control of Mercury Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Utility Boilers :Interim Report.U.S.EPA,EPA-600/R-01-109,42pp
[36] Meij,R.,Vredenbregt,L.H.J.,Winkel,H.T.,2002.The fate and behavior of mercury in coal-fired power plants.J.Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52,912～917
[37] B.K.Gullett,S.B.Ghorishi,W.Jozewicz,The advantage of Illinois coal for FGD removal of mercury,Final technical report, November 1,2000,through October 31,2001
[38] 张斌,倪维斗,李政.火电厂和 IGCC 及煤气化 SOFA 混合循环减排 CO2的分析.煤炭转化,2005,28(1):1～7
[39] 毛玉如,骆仲泱,玉树荣,等.火电厂 CO2 排放降低和控制技术研究.热力发电,2003,1:39～41
[40] Bai Xianhong.The Proposals for the Sustainable Development of Chinese Coal-fired Power Plant[M].Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies,1999 Elsevier Scienee,633～638
[41] Alan M.Wolsky,Edward J.Daniels,Bassam J.Jody.Recovering CO2 From Large-and Medium-Size Stationary Combustors[J].Air Waste Manage.Ass- oe.,1991,(41):449～454
[42] P R Drake.Using the Analytic hierarchy process in engineering educat- ion[J].Int.J.Engng Ed,1998,14(3):191～196
[43] Wang Lihai.Method for Comprehensive Evaluating Forest Operation Plans .In:J sessions ed.Proceeding of international Seminar on Forest Operations under Mountainous Conditions[C].Oregon Univ.Corvallis,U.S.A.1994
[44] Saaty T L.The Analytic Hierarchy Process[J].Europe Journal of Operational research,1990,48:9～26
[45] 李士勇.《工程模糊数学及应用》.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004,49～215
[46] 陈亚非,高翔,骆仲泱,等.烟气脱硫技术的模糊综合评判法.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(2):215～220
[47] 秦寿康,等.《综合评价原理与应用》.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,37～109
[48] 饶从军,肖新平.多目标决策问题的模糊数学解法.武汉理工大学学报,2006,30(4):700～703
[49] Liang G S.Fuzzy MCDM based on ideal and anti-ideal concepts.European Journal of Operational Research,1999,112:682～691
[50] 杨旭中,张政治.《电力工程项目管理》(第一版).北京:中国电力出版社,2001,11～87
[51] 陕西省地方电力公司.《电力生产技术经济指标》(第二版).北京:中国电力出版社,1999,25～67
[2] 《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》.北京:人民出版社,2006.15～39
[3] 联合国贸易与发展会议.《环境成本和负债的会计与财务报告》.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2003.1～34
[4] 方韬,李才华,张粒子.发电企业环境成本研究.中国电力,2005,38(11):16～20
[5] 中国电力工程顾问(集团)有限公司课题编写组.火电结构优化和技术升级研究[R].2002.21～465
[6] 《中国电力百科全书》(第二版,火力发电卷).北京:中国电力出版社,2001.396
[7] 黄其励.能源论坛.21 世纪发电新技术.http://www.china5e.com/disser- tation/gasturbines/2000-1/p-4.htm
[8] 周丽.循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率的控制.能源技术与管理,2006(4):56～57
[9] 循环流化床机组能耗分析系统. 能源技术与管理,2006,39(7):39
[10] U.S Department of Energy.Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program [R].Program Report,Feb.1993
[11] 余廷芳,汪霞.部分煤气化结合流化床燃烧技术的联合循环发电系统用分析.热力发电,2006(3):1～4
[12] 史本天,郭新生,刘英萍,等.IGCC发电系统中煤气化工艺的选择.燃气轮机技术,2006,19(1):21～25
[13] 超临界煤粉蒸汽电厂与 IGCC 电厂的排放比较.燃气轮机技术,2006,19(1):63
[14] 王志轩.“十一五”电力环境保护与资源节约规划探讨[J].中国电力,2006,39(1):97～102
[15] 郑楚光.燃烧过程中有害物质的富集与超细颗粒物的形成.东莞理工学院学报,2006,13(4):20～24
[16] 赵毅,王志轩,马双忱,等.袋式除尘器在燃煤电厂的应用与前景[J].华北电力大学学报,2003,30(6):90～93
[17] 王薇.火电厂脱硫技术应用综述.贵州电力技术,2006(2):21～24
[18] 刘利,程养学,喻文熙,等.火电厂烟气脱硫工艺概述及脱硫国产化.能源环境保护,2006,20(4):1～5
[19] 蒋德林,周其刚,冯华伟.燃煤电厂脱硫现状及展望.能源环境保护,2006,20(3):10～14
[20] 汪文选,肖志军,夏怀祥.火电厂脱硝技术综述.电力设备,2006,7(8):1～5
[21] 陈杭君,赵华,丁经纬.火电厂烟气脱硝技术介绍.热力发电,2006,2:15～18
[22] Jason Makansi.Will combined SO2,NO processes find a niche in the market[J].Power,1990,(9):26～28
[23] James T Yeh, Richard J Demski,James I Joubert.Combined SO2 and NOx Removal from Rue Gas[J].Environmental Progress,1985,4(4):223～228
[24] Kazuhiko Tsuji,Ikuo Shiraishi.Combined denitrification an dreduction of air toxics using activatedcoke.Fuel,1997,76(6):549～559
[25] Bon Jun Ku.Treatment of Activated Coke to Enhance Catalytic Activity for Reduction of Nitric Oxide Ammonia[J].Ind.Eng.Chem.Res,1994,33(11):2868～2873
[26] 赵毅,马双忱,黄建军,等.高活性吸收剂脱硫和脱氮实验及机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,(10):236-240
[27] 唐修义,黄文辉,等.中国煤中微量元素.北京:商务印书馆,2004,13～239
[28] Huang Yaji,Jin Baosheng,Zhong Zhaoping,et a1.Study on the distribution of trace elements in gasification products [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(1l):208～2l2
[29] Xu Minghou,Zheng Chuguang,Feng Rong,et a1.Overview oftrace elements research in coal combustion process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2001,21(10):33～38
[30] 程俊峰,曾汉才,韩军.燃煤电站锅炉痕量重金属的释放与控制.热力发电,2002,31(2):23～30,58
[31] 刘迎晖,郑楚光,程俊峰,等.燃煤烟气中汞的形态及其分析方法.燃料化学学报,2000,28(5):463～467
[32] 徐明厚,郑楚光,冯荣,等.煤燃烧过程中痕量元素的排放现状[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(10):33～38
[33] 吴昊,邱建荣,王泉海,等.煤中汞在燃煤电站中的形态转化.电力环境保护,2003,19(1):29～31
[34] Miller,S.J.,Dunham,G.E,Olson,E.S.,Brown,T.D.,2003.Flue gas effects on a carbon-based mercury sorbent.Fuel Process.Technol.65～66,343～363
[35]Kilgroe,J.D.,Sedman,C.B.,Srivastava,R.K.,Ryan,J.V.,Lee,C.W.,Thorneloe,S.A.,2002.Control of Mercury Emissions from Coal-Fired Electric Utility Boilers :Interim Report.U.S.EPA,EPA-600/R-01-109,42pp
[36] Meij,R.,Vredenbregt,L.H.J.,Winkel,H.T.,2002.The fate and behavior of mercury in coal-fired power plants.J.Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52,912～917
[37] B.K.Gullett,S.B.Ghorishi,W.Jozewicz,The advantage of Illinois coal for FGD removal of mercury,Final technical report, November 1,2000,through October 31,2001
[38] 张斌,倪维斗,李政.火电厂和 IGCC 及煤气化 SOFA 混合循环减排 CO2的分析.煤炭转化,2005,28(1):1～7
[39] 毛玉如,骆仲泱,玉树荣,等.火电厂 CO2 排放降低和控制技术研究.热力发电,2003,1:39～41
[40] Bai Xianhong.The Proposals for the Sustainable Development of Chinese Coal-fired Power Plant[M].Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies,1999 Elsevier Scienee,633～638
[41] Alan M.Wolsky,Edward J.Daniels,Bassam J.Jody.Recovering CO2 From Large-and Medium-Size Stationary Combustors[J].Air Waste Manage.Ass- oe.,1991,(41):449～454
[42] P R Drake.Using the Analytic hierarchy process in engineering educat- ion[J].Int.J.Engng Ed,1998,14(3):191～196
[43] Wang Lihai.Method for Comprehensive Evaluating Forest Operation Plans .In:J sessions ed.Proceeding of international Seminar on Forest Operations under Mountainous Conditions[C].Oregon Univ.Corvallis,U.S.A.1994
[44] Saaty T L.The Analytic Hierarchy Process[J].Europe Journal of Operational research,1990,48:9～26
[45] 李士勇.《工程模糊数学及应用》.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004,49～215
[46] 陈亚非,高翔,骆仲泱,等.烟气脱硫技术的模糊综合评判法.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(2):215～220
[47] 秦寿康,等.《综合评价原理与应用》.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,37～109
[48] 饶从军,肖新平.多目标决策问题的模糊数学解法.武汉理工大学学报,2006,30(4):700～703
[49] Liang G S.Fuzzy MCDM based on ideal and anti-ideal concepts.European Journal of Operational Research,1999,112:682～691
[50] 杨旭中,张政治.《电力工程项目管理》(第一版).北京:中国电力出版社,2001,11～87
[51] 陕西省地方电力公司.《电力生产技术经济指标》(第二版).北京:中国电力出版社,1999,25～67