子午岭人工油松林碳储量与碳密度研究
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摘要
大气中CO_2等温室气体浓度的增加,引起全球气候变暖等一系列生态环境问题,已引起各国科学家的重视,如何减缓以及阻止气候变暖是当前生态环境建设的重要任务之一,而森林生态系统在减缓以及阻止气候变暖中发挥着重要的作用,因此需要弄清楚森林生态系统现有的碳储量以及碳密度。本研究以黄土高原子午岭人工油松林为研究对象,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的研究方法,对油松林生长空间尺度碳密度和碳储量的分布特征进行研究,为进一步研究黄土高原子午岭林区森林生态系统的碳贮量及其潜力提供基础资料。研究主要结果如下:
1子午岭人工油松林植被层含碳率是46.04%,其中乔木层含碳率是52.28%;灌木层含碳率是46.22%,不同类型灌木含碳率在47.84%～44.48%之间变动;草本层含碳率是39.26%,不同类型草本的含碳率在34.80%～47.48%之间。
2子午岭人工油松林植被层碳密度与碳储量分别是:47.85 t/hm~2和2.2242 Tg;其中乔木层碳密度为30.37 t/hm~2、碳储量为1.4118 Tg,不同器官碳密度变化范围在10.10 t/hm~2～2.28 t/hm~2之间,碳储量在0.4695 Tg～0.1058 Tg之间;灌木层的碳密度是8.56 t/hm~2、碳储量为0.3980 Tg;不同灌木类型沙棘、悬钩子和卫茅碳密度和碳储量分别是3.88 t/hm~2和0.1805 Tg、1.55 t/hm~2和0.722 Tg、12 t/hm~2和0.1452 Tg;草本层碳密度为8.91 t/hm~2、碳储量为0.4144 Tg,不同类型草本植物碳密度和碳储量的排序为:大披针苔草>白羊草>中华萎陵菜>披碱草>铁杆蒿>野棉花,其碳密度变化范围在2.28 t/hm~2～0.26 t/hm~2之间,碳储量在0.0121 Tg～0.1061 Tg之间。
3子午岭人工油松林枯落物层碳密度为22.88 t/hm~2,占整个人工油松林生态系统碳密度的13.91%,如果土壤层加上枯落物层,则占人工油松林生态系统碳密度的70.92%,枯落物的碳储量是1.0638 Tg。
4子午岭人工油松林土壤总碳储量为4.3617 Tg,总平均碳密度为9.38 kg/m~2,土壤有机碳密度随土壤深度的增加而减少,人工油松林在0～50 cm深度,土壤有机碳密度的大小是阳坡>阴坡,而50～90 cm深度则为阴坡>阳坡。
As CO_2 and other greenhouse gas increasing, great changes have been taken by global warming, which caused a series ecological and environmental problems. It is one of important task to retard the climate change for ecological environment. Furthermore, forest ecosystem plays an important role for climate warming. So it is the essential to clarify the existing forest ecosystem carbon storage and density. This paper had chosen artificial Pings tabulaeformis forest in Ziwuling area of Loess Plateau. Using inventory and laboratory analysis, we studied carbon storage and its density distributing characteristics in spatial growth scales, which may provide basic information to research carbon storage and its potential for the whole Ziwuling forest ecosystem. Main findings are as following:
1. The mean carbon content of vegetation was 0.4604. Carbon rate of tree layer was 0.5228; shrub was 0.4622, which rate of change was between 0.4784 and 0.4448 in different types of shrubs; the rate of herb layer was 0.3926, and different type of herbs carbon rate was between 0.3480 and 0.4748.
2. Vegetation carbon density and carbon storage were: 47.85 t/hm~2 and 2.2242 Tg. Carbon density of the tree layer was 30.37 t/hm~2 and its carbon storage was 1.4118 Tg. Furthermore, great changes had taken place from 10.10 to 2.28 t/hm~2 for in carbon density, and from 0.4695 to 0.1058 Tg for carbon storage. Shrub carbon density and storage were 8.56 t/hm~2 and 0.3980 Tg. The same as vegetation layer, different types of shrubs density and storage had obviously difference among them, such as 3.88 t/hm~2 and 0.1805 Tg for Hippophae reamnoides, 1.55t/hm~2 and 0.722 Tg for Rubus corchorifolius, 12 t/hm~2 and 0.1452 Tg for Euonymus. Besides, carbon density and storage of herb layer were 8.91 t/hm~2 and 0.4144 Tg, and the order was following: Carex lanceolata, Bothriochloa ischemum, Comarum var. sinica, Elymus dahuricus, A.sacrorum, Anemone hupehensis. These herbs carbon density was between 0.26 and 2.28t/hm~2, and the storages were between 0.0121 to 0.1061 Tg.
3. Carbon density of litter was 22.88t/hm~2, and had taken up to 13.91% of whole forest density. Meanwhile, litter carbon stock was 1.0638 Tg. Soil carbon density was 9.38 kg/m~2, which was account for 57.01% of the total forest. Besides, sum of soil and litter layer carbon density, the ratio was up to 70.92% of whole forest ecosyst.
4. Soil carbon storage was 4.3617 Tg, and average carbon density was 9.38 kg/m~2. With depth of soil, organic carbon density decreased dramatically. In 0-50cm depth of soil, carbon density of sunny slope was more than shady, but contrast in 50-90cm depth. This may result from human disturbance. Therefore, it is clearly seen that human disturbance has tidy relationship for carbon distribution and size of forest ecosystem.
1子午岭人工油松林植被层含碳率是46.04%,其中乔木层含碳率是52.28%;灌木层含碳率是46.22%,不同类型灌木含碳率在47.84%～44.48%之间变动;草本层含碳率是39.26%,不同类型草本的含碳率在34.80%～47.48%之间。
2子午岭人工油松林植被层碳密度与碳储量分别是:47.85 t/hm~2和2.2242 Tg;其中乔木层碳密度为30.37 t/hm~2、碳储量为1.4118 Tg,不同器官碳密度变化范围在10.10 t/hm~2～2.28 t/hm~2之间,碳储量在0.4695 Tg～0.1058 Tg之间;灌木层的碳密度是8.56 t/hm~2、碳储量为0.3980 Tg;不同灌木类型沙棘、悬钩子和卫茅碳密度和碳储量分别是3.88 t/hm~2和0.1805 Tg、1.55 t/hm~2和0.722 Tg、12 t/hm~2和0.1452 Tg;草本层碳密度为8.91 t/hm~2、碳储量为0.4144 Tg,不同类型草本植物碳密度和碳储量的排序为:大披针苔草>白羊草>中华萎陵菜>披碱草>铁杆蒿>野棉花,其碳密度变化范围在2.28 t/hm~2～0.26 t/hm~2之间,碳储量在0.0121 Tg～0.1061 Tg之间。
3子午岭人工油松林枯落物层碳密度为22.88 t/hm~2,占整个人工油松林生态系统碳密度的13.91%,如果土壤层加上枯落物层,则占人工油松林生态系统碳密度的70.92%,枯落物的碳储量是1.0638 Tg。
4子午岭人工油松林土壤总碳储量为4.3617 Tg,总平均碳密度为9.38 kg/m~2,土壤有机碳密度随土壤深度的增加而减少,人工油松林在0～50 cm深度,土壤有机碳密度的大小是阳坡>阴坡,而50～90 cm深度则为阴坡>阳坡。
As CO_2 and other greenhouse gas increasing, great changes have been taken by global warming, which caused a series ecological and environmental problems. It is one of important task to retard the climate change for ecological environment. Furthermore, forest ecosystem plays an important role for climate warming. So it is the essential to clarify the existing forest ecosystem carbon storage and density. This paper had chosen artificial Pings tabulaeformis forest in Ziwuling area of Loess Plateau. Using inventory and laboratory analysis, we studied carbon storage and its density distributing characteristics in spatial growth scales, which may provide basic information to research carbon storage and its potential for the whole Ziwuling forest ecosystem. Main findings are as following:
1. The mean carbon content of vegetation was 0.4604. Carbon rate of tree layer was 0.5228; shrub was 0.4622, which rate of change was between 0.4784 and 0.4448 in different types of shrubs; the rate of herb layer was 0.3926, and different type of herbs carbon rate was between 0.3480 and 0.4748.
2. Vegetation carbon density and carbon storage were: 47.85 t/hm~2 and 2.2242 Tg. Carbon density of the tree layer was 30.37 t/hm~2 and its carbon storage was 1.4118 Tg. Furthermore, great changes had taken place from 10.10 to 2.28 t/hm~2 for in carbon density, and from 0.4695 to 0.1058 Tg for carbon storage. Shrub carbon density and storage were 8.56 t/hm~2 and 0.3980 Tg. The same as vegetation layer, different types of shrubs density and storage had obviously difference among them, such as 3.88 t/hm~2 and 0.1805 Tg for Hippophae reamnoides, 1.55t/hm~2 and 0.722 Tg for Rubus corchorifolius, 12 t/hm~2 and 0.1452 Tg for Euonymus. Besides, carbon density and storage of herb layer were 8.91 t/hm~2 and 0.4144 Tg, and the order was following: Carex lanceolata, Bothriochloa ischemum, Comarum var. sinica, Elymus dahuricus, A.sacrorum, Anemone hupehensis. These herbs carbon density was between 0.26 and 2.28t/hm~2, and the storages were between 0.0121 to 0.1061 Tg.
3. Carbon density of litter was 22.88t/hm~2, and had taken up to 13.91% of whole forest density. Meanwhile, litter carbon stock was 1.0638 Tg. Soil carbon density was 9.38 kg/m~2, which was account for 57.01% of the total forest. Besides, sum of soil and litter layer carbon density, the ratio was up to 70.92% of whole forest ecosyst.
4. Soil carbon storage was 4.3617 Tg, and average carbon density was 9.38 kg/m~2. With depth of soil, organic carbon density decreased dramatically. In 0-50cm depth of soil, carbon density of sunny slope was more than shady, but contrast in 50-90cm depth. This may result from human disturbance. Therefore, it is clearly seen that human disturbance has tidy relationship for carbon distribution and size of forest ecosystem.
引文
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