区域耕地耕层土壤氮磷储量及其价值时空变化研究
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摘要
土壤氮磷是陆地生态系统中重要的环境因子,其含量及其迁移状况直接影响着土壤生态系统的生产力和水体环境质量,土壤氮磷储量已成为生态和环境研究中的热点问题。本研究以厦门市同安区耕地为研究对象,利用同安区第二次土壤普查(1983年)和耕地地力调查(2007年)样点数据,借助GIS与数学模型集成技术分别估算并建立1983年和2007年同安区耕地耕层土壤氮磷密度、储量栅格数据库;利用土壤养分价格法测算同安区耕地耕层土壤氮磷价值,并建立1983年和2007年同安区耕地土壤氮磷价值栅格数据库,进而开展同安区耕地土壤氮磷密度、储量和价值的时空变化分析与分区评价。研究结果表明:
1. 1983年和2007年全区氮密度分别变化于0.10kg/m2-0.24kg/m2和0.12kg/m2-0.26 kg/m2,平均氮密度分别为0.14kg/m2和0.18kg/m2。全区耕地耕层土壤氮密度空间变异明显,氮密度较低的乡镇包括南部的洪塘、西柯镇及凤南农场,氮密度较高的乡镇主要分布于北部的莲花和汀溪镇,全区1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤氮密度均呈现北高南低的空间变化规律。
2. 1983年和2007年全区耕地耕层土壤氮总储量分别为12563.33t和15815.30t,1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤氮储量较高的乡镇均是莲花和五显镇,氮储量较低的乡镇也都是西柯镇和凤南农场,全区氮储量也基本呈现北高南低的空间变化规律。
3. 1983年和2007年全区磷密度的变化范围分别为0.03kg/m2-0.20kg/m2和0.13kg/m2-0.37kg/m2,平均磷密度分别为0.09kg/m2和0.23kg/m2。1983年磷密度较低的乡镇主要分布于洪塘和五显镇,磷密度较高的乡镇主要分布于大同街道、汀溪镇和凤南农场;2007年耕地耕层土壤磷密度较低的乡镇主要分布于莲花和汀溪镇,磷密度较高的乡镇主要分布于祥平街道和五显镇;全区1983年耕地耕层土壤磷密度呈北高南低的空间变化规律,而2007年耕地耕层土壤磷密度则呈南高北低的空间变化规律。
4. 1983年和2007年全区耕地耕层土壤磷总储量分别为8145.38t和19903.14t,1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤磷储量较高的乡镇均是莲花和五显镇,磷储量较低的乡镇均是西柯镇和凤南农场,全区磷储量也基本呈现南低北高的空间变化规律。
5. 1983年和2007年全区耕地耕层土壤氮总价值分别为4700.33万元和5916.98万元,1983年各乡镇耕地耕层土壤氮价值变化于123.50万元-1025.82万元,均值为522.26万元;2007年各乡镇氮价值变化于151.1万元-1308.41万元,均值为657.44万元,全区耕地耕层土壤氮价值也呈现北高南低的空间变化规律。
6.全区1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤磷总价值分别为2572.58万元和6286.07万元,1983年各乡镇耕地耕层土壤磷价值变化于68.36万元-553.37万元,均值为285.84万元;2007年各乡镇磷价值变化于177.09万元-1521.59万元,均值为698.45万元,全区耕地耕层土壤磷价值也呈现北高南低的空间变化规律。
7.同安区1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤氮高储量区面积分别为68.66hm2和1704.89hm2,1983年高储量区主要分布于大同街道、五显和新民镇,2007年高储量区主要分布于莲花镇;中储量区面积分别为2684.64hm2和5349.59hm2,1983年中储量区主要分布于莲花、汀溪和五显镇,2007年中储量区主要分布于莲花和五显镇;低储量区面积分别为5466.99hm2和1165.87hm2,1983年低储量区主要分布于五显和莲花镇,2007年低储量区主要分布于新民和洪塘镇。
8.同安区1983年耕地耕层土壤无磷高储量区,2007年耕地耕层土壤磷高储量区面积为1438.26hm2,主要分布于五显镇。1983年和2007年磷中储量区面积分别为4.55hm2和5696.38hm2, 1983年中储量区主要分布于大同街道,2007年中储量区主要分布于莲花和五显镇。1983年和2007年磷低储量区面积分别为8215.80hm2和1083.95hm2,1983年低储量区主要分布于五显和莲花镇,2007年低储量区主要分布于莲花和汀溪镇。
9. 1983年至2007年同安区耕地耕层土壤氮密度、氮储量及氮价值总体呈上升趋势。全区氮密度升高的耕地面积合计占耕地总面积的96.78%,少量的氮密度降低区主要分布于新民镇西北部和大同街道的部分地区。全区1983年至2007年耕地土壤氮储量、氮价值空间变化趋势与氮密度变化完全一致。
10. 1983年至2007年同安区耕地耕层土壤磷密度、磷储量及磷价值上升趋势明显,磷素呈现非常明显的富集趋势。全区磷密度升高的耕地占耕地总面积的98.00%,少量的降低区主要集中分布于汀溪镇的北部山区和河谷坡地。全区24年来耕地土壤磷储量、磷价值变化趋势与磷密度变化也完全一致。
Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P)are important environmental factors in terrestrial ecosystem, their content and migration can directly influence soil ecosystem productivity and water environmental quality, the storage of soil N and P has become a hot issue in ecological and environmental research. Based on the data of the second survey of soil samples in 1983 and the survey of samples of farmland capability in Tong’an district, Xiamen in 2007, the grid database of the storage and density of N and P in the plough horizon of farmland soil in Tong’an district in 1983 and 2007 was evaluated and established by GIS and mathematical model respectively in this study; The value of N and P of the soil in the plough horizon in Tong’an district was calculated by Soil nutrient price method. In addition, the grid database of the value of N and P about the farmland soil in Tong’an district in 1983 and 2007 was also established respectively. Then the temporal and spatial variation of the value of storage and density about N and P in this district was analyzed and the division was evaluated. The results of the study are as follows:
1. In 1983 and 2007, the density of N in the soil of plough horizon in Tong’an district was between 0.10kg/m2-0.24kg/m2 and 0.12kg/m2-0.26kg/m2 respectively, and the average was 0.14kg/m2 and0.18 kg/m2 respectively. The spacial variation of the density of N in the whole district was distinct. The towns with lower include Hongtang, Xike Town and Fengnan farm in the south. The towns with higher density of N include Lianhua and Tingxi town in the north. In Tong’an district, the density of N in the north was higher than the south in both 1983 and 2007.
2. The total storage of N in the soil of plough horizon in Tong’an district was 12563.33t and 15815.30 t in 1983 and 2007 respectively. Both in 1983 and 2007, the mainly towns with higher storage of N are Lianhua and Wuxian, and the storage of N was lower in Xike and Fengnan farm, the storage of N in the north was also higher than the south in space.
3. In 1983 and 2007, the density of P in the soil of plough horizon in Tong’an district was between 0.03kg/m2-0.20kg/m2 and 0.13kg/m2-0.37kg/m2 respectively and the average was 0.09kg/m2 and 0.23kg/m2 respectively. In 1983, the towns with lower density of P included Hongtang and Wuxi Town, the towns with higher density of P included Datong, Tingxi town and Fengnan farm. In 2007, the towns with lower density of P included Lianhua and Tingxi, the towns with higher density of P included Xiangping and Wuxian town. In Tong’an district, the density of P was higher in the north and lower in the south in 1983, but in 2007, the density of P was higher in the south and lower in the north.
4. The total storage of P in the soil of plough horizon in Tong’an district was 8145.38t and 19903.14t in 1983 and 2007 respectively. Both in 1983 and 2007, the towns with higher storage of P are mainly Lianhua and Wuxian town, at the same time storage of P in Xike and Fengnan farm was lower, storage of P in the north was also higher than the south in space.
5. In Tong'an district, the total value of N in the soil of plough horizon in 1983 and 2007 was 4.70×107 yuan and 5.92×107 yuan respectively. In 1983, the value of N in different town was between 1.24×106 yuan and 1.03×107 yuan with the average of 5.22×106 yuan. In 2007, the value of N in different town was between 1.51×106 yuan and 1.31×107 yuan with the average of 6.57×106 yuan. The in different town was also higher in the north and lower in the south.
6. In Tong'an district, the total value of P in the soil of plough horizon in 1983 and 2007 was 2.57×107yuan and 6.29×107yuan respectively. In 1983, the value of P in different town was between 6.84×105yuan and 5.53×106yuan with the average of 2.86×106yuan. In 2007, the value of P in different town was between 1.77×106yuan and 1.52×107yuan with the average of 6.98×106yuan. The value of P was also higher in the north and lower in the south.
7. In Tongan district, the area with higher Storage of N was 68.66hm2 and 1704.89hm2, took up 15.04% and 2.88% of the total arable land respectively in 1983 and 2007, Such area mainly located in Datong, Wuxian, Ximin Town. The area with medium Storage of N was 2684.64hm2 and 5349.59hm2, took up 62.66% and 65.08% of the region's total area of arable land respectively in 1983 and 2007, Such area mainly located in Lianhua, Tingxi and Wuxian town in 1983 while in Lianhua and Wuxian Town in 2007. The area with low Storage of N mainly located in Wuxian and Lianhua Town in 1983 and in Xinmin and Hongtang Town in 2007, and accounted for 66.51% and 14.18% of the total area of arable land in this region in 1983 and 2007 respectively. The area with low Storage of N was 5466.99 hm2 and 1165.87 hm2.
8. In Tong’an district, there was no areas with high Storage of P reserved in 1983. The area with higher Storage of P was 1438.26hm2, took up 17.50% of the total arable land in 2007, Such area mainly located in Wuxian Town. The area with medium Storage of P mainly located in Datong Town in 1983 and in Lianhua and Wuxian Town in 2007, and accounted for 0.06% and 69.30% of the total area of arable land in this region in 1983 and 2007 respectively. The area of medium Storage of P was 4.55hm2 and 5696.38hm2. The area with low Storage of P was 8215.80hm2 and 1083.95hm2, took up 99.94% and 13.19% of the region's total area of arable land respectively in 1983 and 2007, Such area mainly located in Lianhua and Wuxian town in 1983 while in Lianhua and Tingxi Town in 2007.
9. During 1983 and 2007, there was a general trend of increasing of the density of N, the storage and value of N in the arable layer of the farm land took up 96.78% of the total arable land in Tong’an district. The region where the density of N descended mainly in the northwest of Xinmi Town and parts of Datong street. The change of the storage of soil N and the value of N spatial were the same as the density of N from 1983 to 2007 in the whole area .
10. During 1983 and 2007, there was a general trend of increasing of the density of P, the storage and value of P in the arable layer of the farm land took up 98.00% of the total arable land in Tong’an district. The region where P density descended mainly in the north of Tingxi Town with Mountain or Valley slope. The change of the storage of soil P and the value of P spatial were the same as the density of N during this 24 years.
1. 1983年和2007年全区氮密度分别变化于0.10kg/m2-0.24kg/m2和0.12kg/m2-0.26 kg/m2,平均氮密度分别为0.14kg/m2和0.18kg/m2。全区耕地耕层土壤氮密度空间变异明显,氮密度较低的乡镇包括南部的洪塘、西柯镇及凤南农场,氮密度较高的乡镇主要分布于北部的莲花和汀溪镇,全区1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤氮密度均呈现北高南低的空间变化规律。
2. 1983年和2007年全区耕地耕层土壤氮总储量分别为12563.33t和15815.30t,1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤氮储量较高的乡镇均是莲花和五显镇,氮储量较低的乡镇也都是西柯镇和凤南农场,全区氮储量也基本呈现北高南低的空间变化规律。
3. 1983年和2007年全区磷密度的变化范围分别为0.03kg/m2-0.20kg/m2和0.13kg/m2-0.37kg/m2,平均磷密度分别为0.09kg/m2和0.23kg/m2。1983年磷密度较低的乡镇主要分布于洪塘和五显镇,磷密度较高的乡镇主要分布于大同街道、汀溪镇和凤南农场;2007年耕地耕层土壤磷密度较低的乡镇主要分布于莲花和汀溪镇,磷密度较高的乡镇主要分布于祥平街道和五显镇;全区1983年耕地耕层土壤磷密度呈北高南低的空间变化规律,而2007年耕地耕层土壤磷密度则呈南高北低的空间变化规律。
4. 1983年和2007年全区耕地耕层土壤磷总储量分别为8145.38t和19903.14t,1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤磷储量较高的乡镇均是莲花和五显镇,磷储量较低的乡镇均是西柯镇和凤南农场,全区磷储量也基本呈现南低北高的空间变化规律。
5. 1983年和2007年全区耕地耕层土壤氮总价值分别为4700.33万元和5916.98万元,1983年各乡镇耕地耕层土壤氮价值变化于123.50万元-1025.82万元,均值为522.26万元;2007年各乡镇氮价值变化于151.1万元-1308.41万元,均值为657.44万元,全区耕地耕层土壤氮价值也呈现北高南低的空间变化规律。
6.全区1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤磷总价值分别为2572.58万元和6286.07万元,1983年各乡镇耕地耕层土壤磷价值变化于68.36万元-553.37万元,均值为285.84万元;2007年各乡镇磷价值变化于177.09万元-1521.59万元,均值为698.45万元,全区耕地耕层土壤磷价值也呈现北高南低的空间变化规律。
7.同安区1983年和2007年耕地耕层土壤氮高储量区面积分别为68.66hm2和1704.89hm2,1983年高储量区主要分布于大同街道、五显和新民镇,2007年高储量区主要分布于莲花镇;中储量区面积分别为2684.64hm2和5349.59hm2,1983年中储量区主要分布于莲花、汀溪和五显镇,2007年中储量区主要分布于莲花和五显镇;低储量区面积分别为5466.99hm2和1165.87hm2,1983年低储量区主要分布于五显和莲花镇,2007年低储量区主要分布于新民和洪塘镇。
8.同安区1983年耕地耕层土壤无磷高储量区,2007年耕地耕层土壤磷高储量区面积为1438.26hm2,主要分布于五显镇。1983年和2007年磷中储量区面积分别为4.55hm2和5696.38hm2, 1983年中储量区主要分布于大同街道,2007年中储量区主要分布于莲花和五显镇。1983年和2007年磷低储量区面积分别为8215.80hm2和1083.95hm2,1983年低储量区主要分布于五显和莲花镇,2007年低储量区主要分布于莲花和汀溪镇。
9. 1983年至2007年同安区耕地耕层土壤氮密度、氮储量及氮价值总体呈上升趋势。全区氮密度升高的耕地面积合计占耕地总面积的96.78%,少量的氮密度降低区主要分布于新民镇西北部和大同街道的部分地区。全区1983年至2007年耕地土壤氮储量、氮价值空间变化趋势与氮密度变化完全一致。
10. 1983年至2007年同安区耕地耕层土壤磷密度、磷储量及磷价值上升趋势明显,磷素呈现非常明显的富集趋势。全区磷密度升高的耕地占耕地总面积的98.00%,少量的降低区主要集中分布于汀溪镇的北部山区和河谷坡地。全区24年来耕地土壤磷储量、磷价值变化趋势与磷密度变化也完全一致。
Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P)are important environmental factors in terrestrial ecosystem, their content and migration can directly influence soil ecosystem productivity and water environmental quality, the storage of soil N and P has become a hot issue in ecological and environmental research. Based on the data of the second survey of soil samples in 1983 and the survey of samples of farmland capability in Tong’an district, Xiamen in 2007, the grid database of the storage and density of N and P in the plough horizon of farmland soil in Tong’an district in 1983 and 2007 was evaluated and established by GIS and mathematical model respectively in this study; The value of N and P of the soil in the plough horizon in Tong’an district was calculated by Soil nutrient price method. In addition, the grid database of the value of N and P about the farmland soil in Tong’an district in 1983 and 2007 was also established respectively. Then the temporal and spatial variation of the value of storage and density about N and P in this district was analyzed and the division was evaluated. The results of the study are as follows:
1. In 1983 and 2007, the density of N in the soil of plough horizon in Tong’an district was between 0.10kg/m2-0.24kg/m2 and 0.12kg/m2-0.26kg/m2 respectively, and the average was 0.14kg/m2 and0.18 kg/m2 respectively. The spacial variation of the density of N in the whole district was distinct. The towns with lower include Hongtang, Xike Town and Fengnan farm in the south. The towns with higher density of N include Lianhua and Tingxi town in the north. In Tong’an district, the density of N in the north was higher than the south in both 1983 and 2007.
2. The total storage of N in the soil of plough horizon in Tong’an district was 12563.33t and 15815.30 t in 1983 and 2007 respectively. Both in 1983 and 2007, the mainly towns with higher storage of N are Lianhua and Wuxian, and the storage of N was lower in Xike and Fengnan farm, the storage of N in the north was also higher than the south in space.
3. In 1983 and 2007, the density of P in the soil of plough horizon in Tong’an district was between 0.03kg/m2-0.20kg/m2 and 0.13kg/m2-0.37kg/m2 respectively and the average was 0.09kg/m2 and 0.23kg/m2 respectively. In 1983, the towns with lower density of P included Hongtang and Wuxi Town, the towns with higher density of P included Datong, Tingxi town and Fengnan farm. In 2007, the towns with lower density of P included Lianhua and Tingxi, the towns with higher density of P included Xiangping and Wuxian town. In Tong’an district, the density of P was higher in the north and lower in the south in 1983, but in 2007, the density of P was higher in the south and lower in the north.
4. The total storage of P in the soil of plough horizon in Tong’an district was 8145.38t and 19903.14t in 1983 and 2007 respectively. Both in 1983 and 2007, the towns with higher storage of P are mainly Lianhua and Wuxian town, at the same time storage of P in Xike and Fengnan farm was lower, storage of P in the north was also higher than the south in space.
5. In Tong'an district, the total value of N in the soil of plough horizon in 1983 and 2007 was 4.70×107 yuan and 5.92×107 yuan respectively. In 1983, the value of N in different town was between 1.24×106 yuan and 1.03×107 yuan with the average of 5.22×106 yuan. In 2007, the value of N in different town was between 1.51×106 yuan and 1.31×107 yuan with the average of 6.57×106 yuan. The in different town was also higher in the north and lower in the south.
6. In Tong'an district, the total value of P in the soil of plough horizon in 1983 and 2007 was 2.57×107yuan and 6.29×107yuan respectively. In 1983, the value of P in different town was between 6.84×105yuan and 5.53×106yuan with the average of 2.86×106yuan. In 2007, the value of P in different town was between 1.77×106yuan and 1.52×107yuan with the average of 6.98×106yuan. The value of P was also higher in the north and lower in the south.
7. In Tongan district, the area with higher Storage of N was 68.66hm2 and 1704.89hm2, took up 15.04% and 2.88% of the total arable land respectively in 1983 and 2007, Such area mainly located in Datong, Wuxian, Ximin Town. The area with medium Storage of N was 2684.64hm2 and 5349.59hm2, took up 62.66% and 65.08% of the region's total area of arable land respectively in 1983 and 2007, Such area mainly located in Lianhua, Tingxi and Wuxian town in 1983 while in Lianhua and Wuxian Town in 2007. The area with low Storage of N mainly located in Wuxian and Lianhua Town in 1983 and in Xinmin and Hongtang Town in 2007, and accounted for 66.51% and 14.18% of the total area of arable land in this region in 1983 and 2007 respectively. The area with low Storage of N was 5466.99 hm2 and 1165.87 hm2.
8. In Tong’an district, there was no areas with high Storage of P reserved in 1983. The area with higher Storage of P was 1438.26hm2, took up 17.50% of the total arable land in 2007, Such area mainly located in Wuxian Town. The area with medium Storage of P mainly located in Datong Town in 1983 and in Lianhua and Wuxian Town in 2007, and accounted for 0.06% and 69.30% of the total area of arable land in this region in 1983 and 2007 respectively. The area of medium Storage of P was 4.55hm2 and 5696.38hm2. The area with low Storage of P was 8215.80hm2 and 1083.95hm2, took up 99.94% and 13.19% of the region's total area of arable land respectively in 1983 and 2007, Such area mainly located in Lianhua and Wuxian town in 1983 while in Lianhua and Tingxi Town in 2007.
9. During 1983 and 2007, there was a general trend of increasing of the density of N, the storage and value of N in the arable layer of the farm land took up 96.78% of the total arable land in Tong’an district. The region where the density of N descended mainly in the northwest of Xinmi Town and parts of Datong street. The change of the storage of soil N and the value of N spatial were the same as the density of N from 1983 to 2007 in the whole area .
10. During 1983 and 2007, there was a general trend of increasing of the density of P, the storage and value of P in the arable layer of the farm land took up 98.00% of the total arable land in Tong’an district. The region where P density descended mainly in the north of Tingxi Town with Mountain or Valley slope. The change of the storage of soil P and the value of P spatial were the same as the density of N during this 24 years.
引文
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