低成本低功耗的温室测控系统无线通信技术
|
摘要
目前,温室环境测控系统通信方式普遍采用的是基于485总线或CAN总线的有线通信方式。而有线通信方式存在线缆错综复杂,安装维护难度大,成本高等缺点。利用无线传感器网络实现数据传输是解决温室环境测控系统通信问题的有效方法。因此,实现温室等设施农业低成本低功耗的无线传感网络测控系统是设施农业急需解决的前沿课题。
针对当前温室测控系统信息传输技术存在的问题,根据温室环境具体结构特征提出变结构自组织无线传感网络体系物理结构和逻辑结构,并确定了系统通信频率、汇聚节点覆盖半径及传感器节点睡眠时间等组网关键技术参数,构建动态星型的温室测控系统无线传感器网络框架。综合分析现有的无线传感器网络硬件节点设计情况,根据温室测控系统特点进行低成本低功耗的硬件选择,完成主要包括无线通信模块、节点位置模块、显示模块和RS-232串口通信模块的硬件电路设计。利用高性能频谱分析仪GSP-830调试2.4G高频无线通信模块,确定了其匹配网络电路的相关参数,能够保证无线通信模块在各工作频段达到相应的频谱要求,实现无线节点的多频段可靠通信。由于低成本的无线通信模块物理层以及MAC层协议简单,自身并不具备复杂网络的通信能力,借鉴IEEE802.15.4协议,结合选定的动态星型无线传感器网络框架特点,在该通信模块固有帧结构的基础上进行帧扩展设计,扩充完善网络通信协议,研究了传感器节点、控制节点和汇聚节点的通信算法,解决移动汇聚节点在移动过程中与覆盖范围内传感节点、控制节点的连接问题,动态形成自组织星型网络。
研究结果表明,通过汇聚节点的移动来动态组成二级子网的动态星型无线传感器网络通信方法,随着汇聚节点的移动以及一级子网内二级子网数量的增加,有效缩短了点对点之间的通信距离,网内传感器节点通信能耗急剧变小,并且当导轨长度增加时,系统内通信能耗增速较慢,具有很好的节能效果,延长了网络更换电池的周期。
最后论文在总结全文工作的基础上,对进一步研究提出了建议和展望。
本文研究内容得到了国家“863”高技术研究发展计划的资助,项目编号2006AA10Z258。
Nowadays, cable communication based on 485 bus and CAN bus is adopted widely in measuring and controlling system for greenhouse. But the cable communication manner has several disadvantages such as complex line, difficult maintenance and high cost. It is an effective method for solving the communication problems of greenhouse measuring and controlling system to utilize wireless sensor network to realize data transmission. Hence, the realization of low-cost low-power greenhouse measuring and controlling system based on wireless sensor network is an important task which needs to be solved urgently.
To solve the problems of information transmission technology for greenhouse measuring and controlling system, propose systematic physical and logical framework of changing structure ad-hoc wireless sensor network according to practical structural characters in greenhouse. At the same time ascertain key technological parameters of the network including systematical communication frequency, the covered radius of sink nodes and sleeping time of sensor nodes etc, establish a dynamic star frame of wireless sensor network. Synthetically analyzing existing hardware nodes of wireless sensor network, select low-cost low-power components and design hardware circuit composed of wireless communication module, position module, display module and RS-232 serial communication module. Through debugging 2.4G wireless communication module with high-performance spectrum analyzer GSP-830, matching networks circuit parameters are determined which achieves multi-frequency credible communication among nodes. The low-cost wireless communication module, whose protocol including physics layer and MAC layer is too simple, cannot organize complex network by itself. Therefore, it's necessary to design extended frame in order to perfect network protocol through considering IEEE 802.15.4 and selected dynamic star wireless sensor network. Moreover, communication algorithm of the nodes including sensor nodes, control nodes and sink nodes is provided which settles the connection problem among nodes.
Research results show that the communication method of dynamic star wireless sensor network which dynamic second-class sub-network is formed during sink nodes move reduces the point-to-point communication distance and saves energy effectively when the number of second-class sub-network in the same first-class increases. Besides the communication energy consumed in system increases less slowly when the length of the rail increases. Hence, the communication method prolongs the period of redeploying batteries in the network.
This paper is supported by the national 863 high technology research and development program "Research on greenhouse measuring and controlling system of new-style changing structure ad-hoc wireless sensor networks(serial number: 2006AA10Z258)".
针对当前温室测控系统信息传输技术存在的问题,根据温室环境具体结构特征提出变结构自组织无线传感网络体系物理结构和逻辑结构,并确定了系统通信频率、汇聚节点覆盖半径及传感器节点睡眠时间等组网关键技术参数,构建动态星型的温室测控系统无线传感器网络框架。综合分析现有的无线传感器网络硬件节点设计情况,根据温室测控系统特点进行低成本低功耗的硬件选择,完成主要包括无线通信模块、节点位置模块、显示模块和RS-232串口通信模块的硬件电路设计。利用高性能频谱分析仪GSP-830调试2.4G高频无线通信模块,确定了其匹配网络电路的相关参数,能够保证无线通信模块在各工作频段达到相应的频谱要求,实现无线节点的多频段可靠通信。由于低成本的无线通信模块物理层以及MAC层协议简单,自身并不具备复杂网络的通信能力,借鉴IEEE802.15.4协议,结合选定的动态星型无线传感器网络框架特点,在该通信模块固有帧结构的基础上进行帧扩展设计,扩充完善网络通信协议,研究了传感器节点、控制节点和汇聚节点的通信算法,解决移动汇聚节点在移动过程中与覆盖范围内传感节点、控制节点的连接问题,动态形成自组织星型网络。
研究结果表明,通过汇聚节点的移动来动态组成二级子网的动态星型无线传感器网络通信方法,随着汇聚节点的移动以及一级子网内二级子网数量的增加,有效缩短了点对点之间的通信距离,网内传感器节点通信能耗急剧变小,并且当导轨长度增加时,系统内通信能耗增速较慢,具有很好的节能效果,延长了网络更换电池的周期。
最后论文在总结全文工作的基础上,对进一步研究提出了建议和展望。
本文研究内容得到了国家“863”高技术研究发展计划的资助,项目编号2006AA10Z258。
Nowadays, cable communication based on 485 bus and CAN bus is adopted widely in measuring and controlling system for greenhouse. But the cable communication manner has several disadvantages such as complex line, difficult maintenance and high cost. It is an effective method for solving the communication problems of greenhouse measuring and controlling system to utilize wireless sensor network to realize data transmission. Hence, the realization of low-cost low-power greenhouse measuring and controlling system based on wireless sensor network is an important task which needs to be solved urgently.
To solve the problems of information transmission technology for greenhouse measuring and controlling system, propose systematic physical and logical framework of changing structure ad-hoc wireless sensor network according to practical structural characters in greenhouse. At the same time ascertain key technological parameters of the network including systematical communication frequency, the covered radius of sink nodes and sleeping time of sensor nodes etc, establish a dynamic star frame of wireless sensor network. Synthetically analyzing existing hardware nodes of wireless sensor network, select low-cost low-power components and design hardware circuit composed of wireless communication module, position module, display module and RS-232 serial communication module. Through debugging 2.4G wireless communication module with high-performance spectrum analyzer GSP-830, matching networks circuit parameters are determined which achieves multi-frequency credible communication among nodes. The low-cost wireless communication module, whose protocol including physics layer and MAC layer is too simple, cannot organize complex network by itself. Therefore, it's necessary to design extended frame in order to perfect network protocol through considering IEEE 802.15.4 and selected dynamic star wireless sensor network. Moreover, communication algorithm of the nodes including sensor nodes, control nodes and sink nodes is provided which settles the connection problem among nodes.
Research results show that the communication method of dynamic star wireless sensor network which dynamic second-class sub-network is formed during sink nodes move reduces the point-to-point communication distance and saves energy effectively when the number of second-class sub-network in the same first-class increases. Besides the communication energy consumed in system increases less slowly when the length of the rail increases. Hence, the communication method prolongs the period of redeploying batteries in the network.
This paper is supported by the national 863 high technology research and development program "Research on greenhouse measuring and controlling system of new-style changing structure ad-hoc wireless sensor networks(serial number: 2006AA10Z258)".
引文
[1]颜全生.温室的自动控制设计及实现[J].电力系统及自动化学报,2001,13(4):65-69
[2]Ivanova T.N.,Sapunova S.M.,Kostov P.T.,et al.Recent advances in the development of the SVET space greenhouse equipment[J].Recent Advances in Space Technologies,2005,722-727
[3]Alves-Serodio C.M.J.,Monteiro J.L.,Couto C.A.C.An integrated network for agricultural management applications[J].Industrial Electronics,1998,2:679-683
[4]Putter E,Gouws J.An automatic controller for a greenhouse using a supervisory expert system[J].Electrotechnical Conference,1996,2:1160-1163
[5]Tetsuo Morimoto,Yasushi Hashimoto.An intelligent control for greenhouse automation,Oriented by the concepts of SPA and SFA[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2000,29:3-20
[6]安国民,徐世艳,赵化春.国外设施农业现状与发展趋势[J].现代化农业,2004,12:34-36
[7]于海业,马成林,陈晓光.发达国家温室设施自动化研究的现状[J].农业工程学报,1997,13:253-257
[8]王晨平,高勇,张印生.浅谈设施农业现状及发展趋势[J].现代化农业,2004,04:29
[9]陶卫民.国外设施农业发展的方向和重点[J].南方农机,2004,05:46
[10]李茜.世界设施农业发展的现状[J].农村实用技术,2003,12:47-48
[11]邵孝侯.世界农业与农业工程的发展现状及发展政策[J].农业开发与装备,2007,4:20-22
[12]http://www.greenair.com/ghc2man.htm
[13]Morais R,Boaventura Cunha J,Cordeiro M,et al.Solar data acquisition wireless network for agricultural applications[J].Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel,1996,5:527-530
[14]初江,徐丽波,姜丽娟,等.设施农业的发展分析[J].农业机械学报,2004,35(3): 191-192
[15]高建平,赵龙庆.温室计算机控制与管理技术的发展概况及在我国的应用前景[J].计算机与农业,2003,2:12-15
[16]谭静芳,刘成勋.浅谈温室自动控制技术的发展概况[J].农业装备技术.2005,31(5):21-23
[17]李保明.中国设施农业技术的研究与应用进展[J].农机推广与安全,2005,5:8-9
[18]徐向峰,杨广林,王立舒,高晶晶.我国设施农业的现状及发展对策研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2005,36(04):520-522
[19]何鹏.温室环境控制技术发展与应用[J].传感器世界,2002,8(2):7-11
[20]卢纪丽,李进京.现代温室控制核心技术[J].高华农业装备技术,2004,30(4):21-22
[21]郭炳辉,李进京.温室智能测控仪发展现状与前景展望[J].农业装备技术,2003,(3):15—17
[22]王人潮等.农业信息科学与农业信息技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:1-10
[23]陈殿奎.我国大型温室发展概况[J].农业工程学报,2000,6:20-23
[24]李天来.我国日光温室产业发展现状与前景[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005,36(02):131—138
[25]朱明.我国设施农业的发展与农业机械化[J].农机质量与监督,2002,4:29-32
[26]何世均,张路,张弛,等.智能温室自动控制系统的设计与应用[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(4):399-401
[27]李萍萍,毛罕平,王多辉,等.智能温室综合环境因子控制的技术效果及合理的环境参数研究[J].农业工程学报,1998,14(3):197-201
[28]董乔雪,王一鸣.温室计算机分布式自动控制系统的开发[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):94-97
[29]王东升,温景文,李贺江,等.多目标日光温室环境监控系统的开发[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(05):377-379
[30]应向民.分布式网络控制系统在温室工程中的应用研究[D].北京:中国农 业大学,2001
[31]汪永斌,吕昂,孙荣高,等.温室群全数字式温度和湿度综合控制系统[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(05):71-74
[32]白春雨,时玲,张亚静,等.我国几种温室环境控制系统的架构方案[J].农机化研究,2006,05:29-31
[33]齐文新,周学文.分布式智能型温室计算机控制系统的一种设计与实现[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(01):246-249
[34]吴金洪,丁飞,陈应春.现代温室无线数据采集系统的研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2007,15(03):405-406
[35]张建锋,何东健,韩敏,等.温室监控系统的设计与实现[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(10):105—108
[36]乔晓军,沈佐锐,陈青云,等.农业设施环境通用监控系统的设计与实现[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(03):77-80
[37]李志伟,王双喜,高昌珍,等.以温度为主控参数的同光温室综合环境控制系统的研制与应用[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(03):68—71
[38]包广清,骆东松,毛开富.农业种植大棚计算机集散控制系统研究[J].工业控制计算机,2002,15(02):31-33
[39]卢纪丽,李进京,魏新华.智能化温室群分布式控制系统的研制[J].农机化研究,2004(5):126-128
[40]滕光辉,李长缨.分布式网络控制-实现温室环境调控自动化的一种新方案(英文)[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(05):118—122
[41]任振辉,张曙光,谢景新,等.日光温室环境参数智能化监测管理系统的研制[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(02):107-110
[42]李莉,张彦娥,汪懋华,等.现代通信技术在温室中的应用[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(2):195-200
[43]付占稳,刘建业,张平平,等.基于RS-485通信网络的分布式测控结构在温室群集散控制系统中的应用[J].河北科技大学学报,2006,27(02):173-176
[44]何世钧,韩宇辉,张驰,等.基于CAN总线的设施农业嵌入式测控系统[J].农业机械学报,2004,35(4):106-109
[45]徐津,杜尚丰,赵兴炳,等.基于CAN总线的温室智能控制节点的开发[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4)增刊:522-523
[46]陈建恩,王立人,苗香雯.温室数据采集系统远程通信接口设计研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(4):259-263
[47]Kazemian H B,Li Meng.A fuzzy control scheme for video transmission in bluetooth wireless[J].Information Sciences.2006.176(9):1 266-1 289
[48]李莉,刘刚.基于蓝牙技术的温室环境监测系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(10):97-100
[49]张西良,丁飞,张世庆,等.温室环境无线数据采集系统的研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2007,(02):8-10
[50]Thierry Val,-Fabrice Peyrard,Michel Misson.Study and simulation of the infrared WLAN IrDA:an alternative to the radio[J].Computer Communications,2003,26(11):1 210-1 218
[51]杜松怀,刘志存,王忠义,等.基于红外通信的动物身份智能识别装置[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(1):80-83
[52]句荣辉,沈佐锐.基于短信息的温室生态健康呼叫系统[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(3):226-228
[53]孙忠富,曹洪太,李洪亮,等.基于GPRS和WEB的温室环境信息采集系统的实现[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(6):1 31-134
[54]Wang Ning,Zhang Naiqian,Wang Maohua.W ireless sensors in agriculture and food industry-recent development and future perspective[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2006,50(1):1-14
[55]Akyildiz I F,Su W,Sankarasubramaniam Y,et al.Wireless sensor networks:a survey[J].Journal of Computer Networks,2002,38(4):393-422
[56]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述[J].通信学报,2004,25(4):114-124
[57]颜振亚,郑宝玉.无线传感器网络[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(15):20-23
[58]徐成,曾祺,魏峰.无线传感网络中通用传感器节点硬件结构设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43,(8):103-105
[59]吴键,袁慎芳.无线传感器网络节点的设计和实现[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(9):1120-1124
[60]邴志刚,刘景泰,陈涛,等.基于智能微节点的无线传感网络研发问题综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(17):9-12
[61]孙利民,李建中,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:1-10
[62]崔莉,鞠海玲,等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005:167-169
[63]Joseph Polastre,Robert Szewczyk,David Culler.Telos:Enabling Ultra-Low Power W ireless Research[J].Computer Science Department University of California,Berkeley IEEE 2005
[64]Energy-Centric Enabling Technologies for Wireless Sensor Networks Rex Min,Manish Bhardwaj,Massachusetts Institute of Technology IEEE Wireless Communications August 2002:28-39
[65]Robert Szewczyk.Telos:Enabling Ultra-Low Power wireless Research Joseph Polastre[J].Computer Science Department University of Califomia,Berkeley 2005IEEE:364-368
[66]Christopher M.Hardware Design Experiences in ZebraNet Pei Zhang[J].Sadler Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University,2004,12:273-281
[67]姜连祥,汪小燕.无线传感器网络硬件设计综述[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,11:13-16
[68]Estrin D.Tutorial "Wireless Sensor Networks" Part Ⅳ:Sensor Network Protocols.Mobicom,2002
[69]Heinzelman W,Chandrakasan A,Balakrishnan H.An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2002,1(4):660-670
[70]The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer,Inc.IEEE 802.15.4,Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs).2003
[71]Data sheet for nRF2401 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Transceiver.Nordic.2006
[72]Data sheet for CC2420 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee-ready RF Transceiver.Chipcon.2006
[731 Heinzelman W,Chandrakasan A,Balakrishnan H.An Application-Specific
Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2002,1(4):660-670
[2]Ivanova T.N.,Sapunova S.M.,Kostov P.T.,et al.Recent advances in the development of the SVET space greenhouse equipment[J].Recent Advances in Space Technologies,2005,722-727
[3]Alves-Serodio C.M.J.,Monteiro J.L.,Couto C.A.C.An integrated network for agricultural management applications[J].Industrial Electronics,1998,2:679-683
[4]Putter E,Gouws J.An automatic controller for a greenhouse using a supervisory expert system[J].Electrotechnical Conference,1996,2:1160-1163
[5]Tetsuo Morimoto,Yasushi Hashimoto.An intelligent control for greenhouse automation,Oriented by the concepts of SPA and SFA[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2000,29:3-20
[6]安国民,徐世艳,赵化春.国外设施农业现状与发展趋势[J].现代化农业,2004,12:34-36
[7]于海业,马成林,陈晓光.发达国家温室设施自动化研究的现状[J].农业工程学报,1997,13:253-257
[8]王晨平,高勇,张印生.浅谈设施农业现状及发展趋势[J].现代化农业,2004,04:29
[9]陶卫民.国外设施农业发展的方向和重点[J].南方农机,2004,05:46
[10]李茜.世界设施农业发展的现状[J].农村实用技术,2003,12:47-48
[11]邵孝侯.世界农业与农业工程的发展现状及发展政策[J].农业开发与装备,2007,4:20-22
[12]http://www.greenair.com/ghc2man.htm
[13]Morais R,Boaventura Cunha J,Cordeiro M,et al.Solar data acquisition wireless network for agricultural applications[J].Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel,1996,5:527-530
[14]初江,徐丽波,姜丽娟,等.设施农业的发展分析[J].农业机械学报,2004,35(3): 191-192
[15]高建平,赵龙庆.温室计算机控制与管理技术的发展概况及在我国的应用前景[J].计算机与农业,2003,2:12-15
[16]谭静芳,刘成勋.浅谈温室自动控制技术的发展概况[J].农业装备技术.2005,31(5):21-23
[17]李保明.中国设施农业技术的研究与应用进展[J].农机推广与安全,2005,5:8-9
[18]徐向峰,杨广林,王立舒,高晶晶.我国设施农业的现状及发展对策研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2005,36(04):520-522
[19]何鹏.温室环境控制技术发展与应用[J].传感器世界,2002,8(2):7-11
[20]卢纪丽,李进京.现代温室控制核心技术[J].高华农业装备技术,2004,30(4):21-22
[21]郭炳辉,李进京.温室智能测控仪发展现状与前景展望[J].农业装备技术,2003,(3):15—17
[22]王人潮等.农业信息科学与农业信息技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:1-10
[23]陈殿奎.我国大型温室发展概况[J].农业工程学报,2000,6:20-23
[24]李天来.我国日光温室产业发展现状与前景[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2005,36(02):131—138
[25]朱明.我国设施农业的发展与农业机械化[J].农机质量与监督,2002,4:29-32
[26]何世均,张路,张弛,等.智能温室自动控制系统的设计与应用[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(4):399-401
[27]李萍萍,毛罕平,王多辉,等.智能温室综合环境因子控制的技术效果及合理的环境参数研究[J].农业工程学报,1998,14(3):197-201
[28]董乔雪,王一鸣.温室计算机分布式自动控制系统的开发[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):94-97
[29]王东升,温景文,李贺江,等.多目标日光温室环境监控系统的开发[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(05):377-379
[30]应向民.分布式网络控制系统在温室工程中的应用研究[D].北京:中国农 业大学,2001
[31]汪永斌,吕昂,孙荣高,等.温室群全数字式温度和湿度综合控制系统[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(05):71-74
[32]白春雨,时玲,张亚静,等.我国几种温室环境控制系统的架构方案[J].农机化研究,2006,05:29-31
[33]齐文新,周学文.分布式智能型温室计算机控制系统的一种设计与实现[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(01):246-249
[34]吴金洪,丁飞,陈应春.现代温室无线数据采集系统的研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2007,15(03):405-406
[35]张建锋,何东健,韩敏,等.温室监控系统的设计与实现[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(10):105—108
[36]乔晓军,沈佐锐,陈青云,等.农业设施环境通用监控系统的设计与实现[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(03):77-80
[37]李志伟,王双喜,高昌珍,等.以温度为主控参数的同光温室综合环境控制系统的研制与应用[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(03):68—71
[38]包广清,骆东松,毛开富.农业种植大棚计算机集散控制系统研究[J].工业控制计算机,2002,15(02):31-33
[39]卢纪丽,李进京,魏新华.智能化温室群分布式控制系统的研制[J].农机化研究,2004(5):126-128
[40]滕光辉,李长缨.分布式网络控制-实现温室环境调控自动化的一种新方案(英文)[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(05):118—122
[41]任振辉,张曙光,谢景新,等.日光温室环境参数智能化监测管理系统的研制[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(02):107-110
[42]李莉,张彦娥,汪懋华,等.现代通信技术在温室中的应用[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(2):195-200
[43]付占稳,刘建业,张平平,等.基于RS-485通信网络的分布式测控结构在温室群集散控制系统中的应用[J].河北科技大学学报,2006,27(02):173-176
[44]何世钧,韩宇辉,张驰,等.基于CAN总线的设施农业嵌入式测控系统[J].农业机械学报,2004,35(4):106-109
[45]徐津,杜尚丰,赵兴炳,等.基于CAN总线的温室智能控制节点的开发[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4)增刊:522-523
[46]陈建恩,王立人,苗香雯.温室数据采集系统远程通信接口设计研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(4):259-263
[47]Kazemian H B,Li Meng.A fuzzy control scheme for video transmission in bluetooth wireless[J].Information Sciences.2006.176(9):1 266-1 289
[48]李莉,刘刚.基于蓝牙技术的温室环境监测系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(10):97-100
[49]张西良,丁飞,张世庆,等.温室环境无线数据采集系统的研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2007,(02):8-10
[50]Thierry Val,-Fabrice Peyrard,Michel Misson.Study and simulation of the infrared WLAN IrDA:an alternative to the radio[J].Computer Communications,2003,26(11):1 210-1 218
[51]杜松怀,刘志存,王忠义,等.基于红外通信的动物身份智能识别装置[J].中国农业大学学报,2006,11(1):80-83
[52]句荣辉,沈佐锐.基于短信息的温室生态健康呼叫系统[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(3):226-228
[53]孙忠富,曹洪太,李洪亮,等.基于GPRS和WEB的温室环境信息采集系统的实现[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(6):1 31-134
[54]Wang Ning,Zhang Naiqian,Wang Maohua.W ireless sensors in agriculture and food industry-recent development and future perspective[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2006,50(1):1-14
[55]Akyildiz I F,Su W,Sankarasubramaniam Y,et al.Wireless sensor networks:a survey[J].Journal of Computer Networks,2002,38(4):393-422
[56]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述[J].通信学报,2004,25(4):114-124
[57]颜振亚,郑宝玉.无线传感器网络[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(15):20-23
[58]徐成,曾祺,魏峰.无线传感网络中通用传感器节点硬件结构设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43,(8):103-105
[59]吴键,袁慎芳.无线传感器网络节点的设计和实现[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(9):1120-1124
[60]邴志刚,刘景泰,陈涛,等.基于智能微节点的无线传感网络研发问题综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(17):9-12
[61]孙利民,李建中,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:1-10
[62]崔莉,鞠海玲,等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005:167-169
[63]Joseph Polastre,Robert Szewczyk,David Culler.Telos:Enabling Ultra-Low Power W ireless Research[J].Computer Science Department University of California,Berkeley IEEE 2005
[64]Energy-Centric Enabling Technologies for Wireless Sensor Networks Rex Min,Manish Bhardwaj,Massachusetts Institute of Technology IEEE Wireless Communications August 2002:28-39
[65]Robert Szewczyk.Telos:Enabling Ultra-Low Power wireless Research Joseph Polastre[J].Computer Science Department University of Califomia,Berkeley 2005IEEE:364-368
[66]Christopher M.Hardware Design Experiences in ZebraNet Pei Zhang[J].Sadler Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University,2004,12:273-281
[67]姜连祥,汪小燕.无线传感器网络硬件设计综述[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,11:13-16
[68]Estrin D.Tutorial "Wireless Sensor Networks" Part Ⅳ:Sensor Network Protocols.Mobicom,2002
[69]Heinzelman W,Chandrakasan A,Balakrishnan H.An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2002,1(4):660-670
[70]The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer,Inc.IEEE 802.15.4,Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs).2003
[71]Data sheet for nRF2401 Single Chip 2.4 GHz Transceiver.Nordic.2006
[72]Data sheet for CC2420 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee-ready RF Transceiver.Chipcon.2006
[731 Heinzelman W,Chandrakasan A,Balakrishnan H.An Application-Specific
Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2002,1(4):660-670