基于烟草数据采集的无线传感器网络节点关键技术研究
摘要
微机电系统(MEMS , Micro-Electro-Mechanism System)、片上系统(SoC ,System-on-Chip)和无线通信技术的进步孕育了无线传感器网络(WSN,wireless sensor network)。它能够实时监测、感知、采集和处理各种被监测对象的信息,具有十分广阔的应用前景,是当前国际上备受关注的、多学科高度交叉的新兴前沿研究热点之一,而且随着技术的进步逐渐实用化,在环境监测等方面得到了具体应用。
无线传感器网络设计的趋势是针对特定的应用而不是普遍的应用,即应用所需要的硬件平台是不相同的。在对现存主流的无线传感器网络节点平台进行了分析和比较后,得出了其共同的设计思想和各自独特的设计理念,并深入分析了Mica2平台的部分电路。随着无线传感器网络的广泛应用,节点构成的变化是巨大的,无线传感器网络节点上的嵌入式操作系统必须具备好的移植性,因此对其移植性研究具有重要的意义。
本文以基于烟草监测的节点软件设计要求为依据,在软件设计方面进行深入的研究,对现有的无线传感器网络操作系统进行分类总结,跟踪了国内外该领域的研究进展,重点研究无线传感器网络中经典的嵌入式操作系统TinyOS,包括组件模型、调度策略,并且对TinyOS操作系统的编程语言nesC的编译器ncc进行了分析和说明,对其编译过程进行了详细的研究和分析。在深入研究TinyOS组件架构的基础上,提出了将TinyOS移植到相同微控制器但外围电路不同的平台和不同微控制器平台的移植思路,并实现了TinyOS在GAINS3上的移植。分析了TinyOS的调度策略,对TinyOS-1.x的FIFO调度机制进行了改进,重写了部分调度函数,使得TinyOS-1.x支持简单的优先级调度,提高了实时性。
另外在深入了解GS003传感器板所使用的SHT7x芯片后,使用nesC语言编写了传感器板的驱动程序,实现了高精度温湿度信息的采集,其中包括14/12bit和12/8bit两种精度。深入研究了nesC语言,编写了使用SHT7x传感器采集温湿度信息并定时通过无线接口发送到汇聚节点的应用程序,在汇聚节点上实现了无线到串口的转换,通过串口将信息转发到上位机。上位机使用VC++编写程序,实现读取串口数据并显示结果的功能。实验证明整个系统工作稳定,采集的数据准确及时。
Sensor network, which is made by the convergence of sensor, micro-electro-mechanism system and networks technologies, is a novel technology about acquiring and processing information. It can be real-time monitoring, sensing, collecting and processing some kind information of subject that to be monitored, it has very broad application prospects, and is one of the focuses of the current international concerns, multidisciplinary cross highly forefront research, and as the technology practical progress gradually, it has been applied specifically in the areas of environmental monitoring.
Networked sensor design will trend to be app1ication specific,rather than general purpose,and carry only the available hardware support actua11y need for the application. As there is a wide range of potential app1ications,the variation in physical devices is likely to be large. The analysis and comparison of the existing mainstream wireless sensor network node platform shows that their common and each unique design idea, and the analysis in depth of some circuit of Mica2 platform. With the wide application of the wireless sensor network, the change formed of the node is enormous, the embedded operating system on the wireless sensor network node must possess good transplantation, and therefore its transplantation research is of great significance.
This paper is based on designing requirement of node software that applied in monitoring tobacco, carry on deep research in software design, classify and summarize the existing wireless sensor network operating system, tracking the progress of the domestic and international research in the field, focus on the classic TinyOS embedded operating system of wireless sensor networks, including the component model, the scheduling strategy. Analyzed and explained tne compiler ncc of nesC language, then analyzed and studied its process of compiling. On the foundation of further investigating TinyOS commoponent framework, have given an idea of transplanted TinyOS to the same microcontroller but different platforms of peripheral circuit or to the different microcontrollers platform, have realized transplant TinyOS to GAINS3. It analyzed that the scheduling strategy of TinyOS, improve FIFO deployment mechanism of TinyOS-1.x, rewrite some scheduling functions, make TinyOS-1.x support simple priority scheduling, has improved real-time character.
In addition using nesC language to write the drive of the sensor board after understanding SHT7x chip of GS003 sensor board, have realized the collection of high-accuracy temperature and humidity information, including 14/12bit and 12/8bit two kinds of precision. Have study nesC language, has written application program that used SHT7x sensor to gather temperature and humidity information and send to assemble node through the wireless interface regularly, realized to send some information that received from wireless interface to PC by serial port in assemble node. A VC ++ program will read the data from serial port and display in PC. The experiment proves the whole system work stable, the data gathered are accurate in time.
无线传感器网络设计的趋势是针对特定的应用而不是普遍的应用,即应用所需要的硬件平台是不相同的。在对现存主流的无线传感器网络节点平台进行了分析和比较后,得出了其共同的设计思想和各自独特的设计理念,并深入分析了Mica2平台的部分电路。随着无线传感器网络的广泛应用,节点构成的变化是巨大的,无线传感器网络节点上的嵌入式操作系统必须具备好的移植性,因此对其移植性研究具有重要的意义。
本文以基于烟草监测的节点软件设计要求为依据,在软件设计方面进行深入的研究,对现有的无线传感器网络操作系统进行分类总结,跟踪了国内外该领域的研究进展,重点研究无线传感器网络中经典的嵌入式操作系统TinyOS,包括组件模型、调度策略,并且对TinyOS操作系统的编程语言nesC的编译器ncc进行了分析和说明,对其编译过程进行了详细的研究和分析。在深入研究TinyOS组件架构的基础上,提出了将TinyOS移植到相同微控制器但外围电路不同的平台和不同微控制器平台的移植思路,并实现了TinyOS在GAINS3上的移植。分析了TinyOS的调度策略,对TinyOS-1.x的FIFO调度机制进行了改进,重写了部分调度函数,使得TinyOS-1.x支持简单的优先级调度,提高了实时性。
另外在深入了解GS003传感器板所使用的SHT7x芯片后,使用nesC语言编写了传感器板的驱动程序,实现了高精度温湿度信息的采集,其中包括14/12bit和12/8bit两种精度。深入研究了nesC语言,编写了使用SHT7x传感器采集温湿度信息并定时通过无线接口发送到汇聚节点的应用程序,在汇聚节点上实现了无线到串口的转换,通过串口将信息转发到上位机。上位机使用VC++编写程序,实现读取串口数据并显示结果的功能。实验证明整个系统工作稳定,采集的数据准确及时。
Sensor network, which is made by the convergence of sensor, micro-electro-mechanism system and networks technologies, is a novel technology about acquiring and processing information. It can be real-time monitoring, sensing, collecting and processing some kind information of subject that to be monitored, it has very broad application prospects, and is one of the focuses of the current international concerns, multidisciplinary cross highly forefront research, and as the technology practical progress gradually, it has been applied specifically in the areas of environmental monitoring.
Networked sensor design will trend to be app1ication specific,rather than general purpose,and carry only the available hardware support actua11y need for the application. As there is a wide range of potential app1ications,the variation in physical devices is likely to be large. The analysis and comparison of the existing mainstream wireless sensor network node platform shows that their common and each unique design idea, and the analysis in depth of some circuit of Mica2 platform. With the wide application of the wireless sensor network, the change formed of the node is enormous, the embedded operating system on the wireless sensor network node must possess good transplantation, and therefore its transplantation research is of great significance.
This paper is based on designing requirement of node software that applied in monitoring tobacco, carry on deep research in software design, classify and summarize the existing wireless sensor network operating system, tracking the progress of the domestic and international research in the field, focus on the classic TinyOS embedded operating system of wireless sensor networks, including the component model, the scheduling strategy. Analyzed and explained tne compiler ncc of nesC language, then analyzed and studied its process of compiling. On the foundation of further investigating TinyOS commoponent framework, have given an idea of transplanted TinyOS to the same microcontroller but different platforms of peripheral circuit or to the different microcontrollers platform, have realized transplant TinyOS to GAINS3. It analyzed that the scheduling strategy of TinyOS, improve FIFO deployment mechanism of TinyOS-1.x, rewrite some scheduling functions, make TinyOS-1.x support simple priority scheduling, has improved real-time character.
In addition using nesC language to write the drive of the sensor board after understanding SHT7x chip of GS003 sensor board, have realized the collection of high-accuracy temperature and humidity information, including 14/12bit and 12/8bit two kinds of precision. Have study nesC language, has written application program that used SHT7x sensor to gather temperature and humidity information and send to assemble node through the wireless interface regularly, realized to send some information that received from wireless interface to PC by serial port in assemble node. A VC ++ program will read the data from serial port and display in PC. The experiment proves the whole system work stable, the data gathered are accurate in time.
引文
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