基于TH的大学、产业、政府关系研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
TH(Triple Helix)即“三重螺旋”,它是大学、产业、政府三方面合作关系发展至今的最佳形态和结构。探究基于TH的三方合作关系的实质和内涵,揭示其发展演变的内部规律,对于建设国家创新系统,提升国家的国际竞争力具有重要意义。
     本文沿着“一生二、二生三,三生复杂(万物)”的思路,先考察合作三方面的单个主体,到主体间双边关系,再到其三重螺旋关系。结合发达国家/区域的实践经验与前人已有的理论工作,本文深入研究了网络时代的三方合作主题,主要贡献有:给出大学—产业—政府三重螺旋体的内部结构和图式谱系;指出国内“产学研”缺陷与纰漏,明晰了“官产学”的应对与使命;最后运用TH算法和科学计量、网络计量手段实现了一个有关中国三重螺旋模型的定量分析,并与其他典型的国家/地区三重螺旋作出比较,得到若干有价值的结论。
     全文分为八章。其篇章结构安排为:
     第一章为引言,界定研究主体、凸现研究问题、考察研究背景,并给出研究的方法与论文的框架。
     第二章和第三章,在追溯大学、产业、政府各行为主体的历史源起、变迁发展以及现实状况后,探查考量了其两者之间所形成的双边关系,为进一步研究其三重螺旋关系铺下起点基石。
     第四章介绍了美国、日本、欧盟等主要发达国家/区域在大学、企业和政府一起致力于促进经济发展、学术研究、知识拓展、技术开发等方面的的先进实践和成功经验。
     第五章阐述了基于知识的国家创新系统、后洪堡模式,以及与它们相平行的TH模型系统——三重螺旋体,详细评述了TH类型及其最新国际研究动态。
     第六章运用TH模型理论对第四章提供的案例挖掘梳理后,发现并给出了:构成大学—政府—产业三重螺旋体的完整板块配基和键链组合,作为“基因型”外在表达的一些“现象型”属类以及由它们所构成的图式谱系。在引入一个转接变换作为过渡后,介绍了TH算法、科学计量、网络计量及其具体应用,并对一
    
    些国家或区域组织所表现出来的某些TH特征进行了比较研究。
     第七章研究基于TH的中国的大学一产业一政府关系。以中国大学的成长、
    高技术产业的发展和政府职能的转变为抓手,在简单分析了中国国家创新系统
    后,剖析并指出了“产学研”的理念的疏忽与纸漏,给出能与国际对话的“官产
    学”协同模式。最后,对中国个案作出TH算法的模型分析,并给出了相应结论。
     第八章归纳了本文的贡献性结论,对进一步的研究作出展望。
TH, Triple Helix is the newly excellent configuration and framework of University-Industry-Government relationships. It is significant for building Chinese National System of Innovation and upgrading our world competitiveness that explores the connotation and the essentials of University-Industry-Government relationships based on TH.
    This dissertation belongs to exploratory research which means adventure in knowledge. As we know now, Chinese Taoist Lao Tze said that the way bears sensation, sensation bears memory, sensation and memory bear abstraction, and abstraction bears all the world. The outline of this dissertation resembles to the way of Lao Tze. It begins with the single main body, then discusses the bilateral relationships between two bodies, at last demonstrates the triple relationships within three bodies. Based on the experiences of the developed countries and the TH theory brought forward by the forthgoers, the main contributing conclusion of the dissertation includes: firstly, it elaborates the inner structure and the pedigree within the TH of university-industry-government. Secondly, it points out the disfigurements and flaws in Chinese university-industry-government relationship and then puts forward the mission and countermeasures to cope with these problems. Last by not least, it finishes a quantitative analysis of Chinese TH model with the scientometric, the webometric and the Triple Helix Algorithm and then according to the arithmetic result, it compares the Chinese TH with some other typical countries' and finally draws some valuable conclusions.
    The full text is divided into eight chapters. Its literary construction arrangement is as
    follows:
    As a preface, the first chapter defines research objects, puts forward the research problems, reviews the research background and introduces the investigative methods and the framework of the dissertation.
    Chapter 2 and 3, laying a foundation for further studying of the university-industry-government TH relation networks, first traces back to the origin, development and realistic condition of each object, then dwells on the formation and development of the bilateral cooperation between any two objects.
    Chapter 4 describes a lot of the advanced practices and successful experiences of the United States, Japanese and EU where the university, enterprise and government jointly concentrated on promoting the economic development, academic research, knowledge expanding and technique innovation.
    Chapter 5 sets forth National Innovation System and post-Humboldt model. As parallelism to them, it expatiates the TH system and its types and its latest international research improvements.
    
    
    
    By applying the TH model theory to analyzing the cases of developed countries that mentioned in chapter 4, Chapter 6 finds out the block gene and tendon compages that consists of the university-government-industry TH. Furthermore, it gives the pheno-types as some external expressions of the genotypes and the family-tree diagram constituted by these phenotypes. After a transition, it illuminates the scientometric, the webometric and the Triple Helix Algorithm and their application.
    Chapter 7 researches the TH of Chinese university-industry-government relationships. Commencing on the growth of Chinese university, the development of high technology industry and the transition of government function, it points out the limitation and flaws of "University-Industry-Research" and brings forward Synaesthetic Model of Triple Helix of university-industry-government collaboration and development, which can dialogue with international academic circles. Finally, consulting with the Triple Helix Algorithm mentioned in 6.2.2, it offers a useful model analysis with the help of scientometric and some comparative results on Chinese TH and some others'.
    Chapter 8 summarizes the contributing conclusion of this dissertation, and then makes further prospect on the TH progress.
引文
阿特巴赫(2001).二战以来世界高等教育的发展模式.新华文摘,2001(9):164-170.
    Abbate, Janet (1999). Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    Abramson, N.(1963). Information Theory and Coding. New York, etc.: McGraw-Hill.
    艾伯斯坦(2003).哈耶克传(秋风译).北京:中国社会科学出版社.
    埃兹科维茨、雷德斯多夫(1999).大学与全球知识经济(夏道源译).江西教育出版社.
    Almind, T. and P. Ingwersen (1997). "Informetric Analyses on the World Wide Web: Methodological Approaches to "Webometrics"." Journal of Documentation 53: 404-426.
    安徽信息网(2003).世界各国高新技术产业发展的模式及所采取的措施.http://www.in.ah.cn/analyses/expert/cn00037.htm. 2003,10.
    Andrew N. Lane(1997). BBS-What is Biophysics?: DNA triple helix, http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/BBS/whatis/DNAtriple_gr.html.
    Archibugi & Michi(1997). Technological Globalization or National System of Innovation In:Futures, 1997, 29(2).
    Arie, Rip and Barend, Meulen(1996). The Post-modern Research System, Science and PublicPolicy 23(6),343-352.
    Arthur A. Goldsmith. "Government, Markets and Economic Development", Development andChange, Vol. 26, No. 4, 10/1995, pp633-650.
    Arthur, W. B.(1988). Competing Technologies. In: Dosi, G., Freeman, C., Nelson, R.,Silverberg, G., Sdctc, L.(Eds.), Technical Change and Economic Theory. Pinter, London,pp.590-607.
    Arthur, W. B.(1989). Competing Technologies, Increase Returns, and Lock-in by Historical Events. Economic Journal 99, 116-234.
    Ashby, Eric.(1966) Technology and the Academics-An Essay on Universities and the Scientific Revolution, MacMillan.
    Ashworth, J(1985). Universities and Industry: National and International Perspectives. In Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 11, No.3, 1985.
    Assolombarda(1994). Ricerca ed innovazione tecnologica: analisi del fabbisogno delle aziende, Milano, 1994.
    Bank of Boston(2003). MIT: The Impact of Innovation. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/founders/TofC.html, 2003,08,04.
    Bar-Ilan, Judith (2001), "Data collection methods on the Web for informetric purposes-A review and analysis," Scientometrics 50(1), 7-32.
    北京信息网(2003).‘“99 全国产学研联合洽谈会暨展示会”新闻通报会.2003,10,17.http://www.ctibi.com.cn/ctibjiur/jianbao/iurqd01.htm.
    Belt, H., Rip, A.(1987). The Nelson-Winter-Dosi model and synthetic dye chemistry. In: Bijker, W., Hughers, T.P., Pinch, T.(Eds.), The Social Construction of Technological Systems. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp.135-138.
    Benner, Mats, and Sandstrm, U.(2000). Institutionalizing the Triple Helix: Research Funding and Norms in the Academic System, Research Policy 29, 291-301.
    毕诚、程方平(2000).世界教育大系——中国教育.吉林教育出版社.
    别敦荣等(2002).大学推行学研产“一体化”的思考.高等教育研究,2002(1):53-56.
    边沁(1776).政府片论.商务印书馆,1997.
    
    
    Bjneborn, L. and E Ingwersen (2001). "Perspectives of webometrics." Scientometrics 50(1):65-82.
    柏杨(1998).中国人史纲(下).中国友谊出版公司.
    Bok, Derek Curtis(1982), Beyond the Ivory Tower: Social Responsibilities of the Modem University, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
    Boudourides, Moses A., Beatrice Sigrist, & Philippos D. Alevizos (1999). "Webometrics and the Self-Organization of the European Information Society," at 〈http://hyperion.math.upatras.gr/webometrics/〉(26 October 1999).
    Bowie, Norman E(1994). University-Business Partnerships. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
    Braczyk, H.-J., P. Cooke, and M. Heidenreich (Editors), Regional Innovation Systems (University College London Press, London/Bristol PA).
    布鲁贝克(1987).高等教育哲学.浙江教育出版社,1987.
    布瓦松纳(1985).中世纪欧洲生活和劳动(潘源来译).商务印书馆.
    Burke, Edmund(1790/1937). Reflections on the French Revolution. In The Harvard Classics: Edmund Burke. Charles Eliot Ed. New York: Collier: pp143-378.
    Bush, V.(1945/1980). The Endless Frontier: A Report to the President, reprinted by Arno Press, New York 1945.
    蔡兵(1999).高技术竞争时代的企业战略联盟.广东人民出版社.
    蔡虹 许晓雯(2002).对日本科技政策形成机制改革的分析及思考.中国软科学, 2002,(8):82-85.
    蔡骐 孙有中(2000).现代美国大众文化.中国经济出版社.
    Callon, Michel(1998). An essay on framing and overflowing: economic externalities revisited by sociology, in: The Laws of the Market (Macmillan, London) pp. 244-269.
    Campodall'Orto, S., Ghiglione, B.(1997). The Technology Transfer Process within the New Innovation Models, in Managing Technological Knowledge Transfer, EC-Social Sciences COST A3, vol. 4, EC Directorate General, Science, research and Development, Bruxelles, 1997.
    曹孚、滕大春(1981).外国古代教育史.人民教育出版社.
    曹勇等(1994).日本的产学研联合研究体制.科学·经济·社会.1994(3).
    CESPRI(1997). Cambiamenti nella struttura industriale lombarda e politiche regionali per l'innovazione tecnologica, Rapporto di ricerca, University Bocconi, Milan, 1997.
    长城企业战略研究所(2002).孵化未来:孵化器发展与创新研究.广西人民出版社.
    陈彬(2002).知识经济与大学办学模式改革研究(博士论文).武汉:华中师范大学出版社.
    陈东琪(2000).新政府干预论.首都经济贸易大学出版社.
    陈益升(1996).世界高技术园区的历史发展图景.科技管理研究,1996(2).
    陈远超(2000).英国Warwick大学的成功之道.高等教育研究,2000(6).
    Citation Index(2000). http://www.math.bgu.ac.il.
    Clark, Burton R(1998). Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organizational Pathways of Trans-formation. IAU Press.
    Clinton, W. J.(2000). To Strengthen The Federal Government-University Research Partnership. OSTP.
    Coase, R. H.(1937)The Nature of the Firm. Economica, 4(3),386-405.
    Colton, R. M., Undell, G.(1976). The National Science Foundation's Innovation Centres-An
    
    Expreiment in Training Potential Entrepreneurs and Innovators. In Jouanal of Small Business Management, Vol. 14,No.2,1976.
    Cooke, Philip, M. Uranga, & G. Etxeberria(1997). Regional Innovation Systems: institutional and organizational dimensions, Research Policy 26,475-491.
    Cooke, Philip(1998). Introduction. The origins of the concept, in: Regional Innovation Systems, H.-J. Braczyk, P. Cooke, and M. Heidenreich (Editors) (University College London Press, London, Bristol PA) pp. 2-25.
    Cozzens, Susan, Peter Healey, Arie Rip, and John Ziman (Editors)(1990). The Research System in Transition (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, etc.).
    Cronin, B. (2001). "Bibliometrics and beyond: some thoughts on web-based citation analysis." Journal of Information Science 27(1): 1-7.
    崔之元(2000).“混合宪法”与对中国政治的三层分析.胡鞍钢 王绍光.政府与市场.中国计划出版社.
    大英线上(2003).http://wordpedia.britannica.com/concise/content.aspx?id=12382&hash=EljOfzRlthJHw7MwA6sELQ%3D%3D&t=2
    Dasgupta, P., and P. David(1994). Towards a new economics of science, Research Policy 23, 487-522.
    David, P. A.(1985). Clio and the Economics of QWERTY. American Economic Review, 75, 332-337.
    德鲁克(2002).创新与创业精神(张炜译).上海人民出版社.
    德鲁克(1947).工业人的未来(黄志强译).上海人民出版社.
    邓存瑞.当前发达国家高等工程教育教学改革的几项措施.国外高等工程教育,1989,(1):19-21.
    邓心安(2000).新时期国际重大科技战略规划透视.科学新闻周刊.2000(14).
    Denis, Jean-Louis(2003). Knowledge Utilization and Knowledge Production in Societies and Organizations [.ppt]. February 2003.
    DeVane, W. C.(1965). Higher Education in Twentieth Century America, Harvard University Press.
    丁厚德(1998).产学研合作是建设国家创新体系的基本国策.清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1998(3):50-54.
    丁学良(2001).什么是世界一流大学.高等教育研究,2001(5):4-9.
    丁志勇等(1999).美国工业/大学合作研究中心(IUCRC)的形式和发展.中外科技政策与管理,1999(4).
    Dodgson, Mark., Bessant, John(1996). Effective Innovation Policy. International Thomson Business Press.
    Dosi, Giovanni, Chirstopher Freeman, Richard Nelson, Gerald Silverberg, and Luc Soete (eds.).(1988). Technical Change and Economic Theory (London/New York: Pinter).
    DTI(1995). An empirical study of the UK innovation system, 1997.
    杜钢建(2003).政策改革的官产学结合体制——日本和韩国政府规制改革的经验.中国检察日报社.http://www.jcrb.com/zyw/n6/ca12182.htm.2003,07,03.
    Egghe, Leo. (2000). "New informetric aspects of the Internet: some reflections-many problems." Journal of Information Science 26(5): 329-335.
    
    
    恩格斯(1851).德国农民战争(《马恩全集》第7卷).人民出版社,1959.
    Etzkowitz, Henry(1994a), "Technology Centers and Industrial Policy: the Emergence of the Interventionist State in the USA," Science and Public Policy 21, nr. 2., 79-87.
    Etzkowitz, Henry(1994b). "Academic-Industry Relations: A Sociological Paradigm for Economic Development," in: Leydesdorff & Van den Besselaar 1994, pp. 139-51.
    Etzkowitz, H.(1997). Academic-Industry Relations." A Sociological Paradigm for Economic Development, in Leydesdorff, H., Van den Besselaar, P., (Eds.), Evolutionary Economics and Chaos Theory: New directions in technology studies.
    Etzkowitz, Henry (2001) "The Second Academic Revolution and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science." IEEE Technology and Society, 22(2): 18-29.
    Etzkowitz, Henry, and Loet Leydesdorff(1995). The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development, EASST Review 14(1),14-19.
    Etzkowitz, Henry and Loet Leydesdorff (Editors)(1997). Universities in the Global Economy: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. (Cassell Academic, London).
    Etzkowitz, Henry and Loet Leydesdorff(2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy 29,109-123.
    Etzkowitz, Henry. Gulbrandsen, Magnus. and Levitt, Janet.(2000). Public Venture Capital: Government Funding Sources for Technology Entrepreneurs (Harcourt-Brace, New York).
    Etzkowitz, Henry. Webster, Andrew. and Peter Healey (1998). Capitalizing Knowledge: the Intersection of Industry and Academia. Albany: State University of New York Press.
    樊洪业(1986).中国近代科学社会史研究的几个问题.科学与社会.科学出版社.
    方世杰(2003).国家创新体系的动态:产官学关系之演进.http://nr.stic.gov.tw/ejournal/scipolicy/Sr8904/SR890430.HTM, 2003-08-01.
    方新(2002).完善和发展我国创新体系具有迫切性和必要性.http://www.ocan.com.cn/li/chuangxin2.htm.
    方新(2000a).什么是国家创新系统.http://www.ocan.com.cn/li/chuangxin.htm.2000,12,18.
    方新(2000b).中国国家创新体系的现状和存在的问题.http://www.ocan.com.cn/li/chuangxin3.htm.2000,12,18.
    冯之浚(2000).国家创新系统研究纲要.山东教育出版社.
    冯之浚等(1999).完善和发展中国国家创新系统.教育发展研究,1999(1):4-11.
    Finniston, M.(1980). Engineering Our Future, HMSO, 1980.
    Fondazione Rosselli-CES&T(1995). Analysis of the regional science & technology policies in Europe, (CE-DG Ⅶ, Grant Contract: PSS~*0819), Fondazione Rosselli Scientific Report, 23, 1995.
    Freeman, C. (1987): Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan. London: Pinter.
    Freeman C & Perez C(1988). 'Structural crises of adjustment, business cycles and investment behaviour', in: Giovanni Dosi, Chistopher Freeman, Richard Nelson, Gerald Silverberg, and Luc Soete (Eds.), Technical Change and Economic Theory, Pinter, London, 1988, pp. 38-66.
    傅维利、刘民(1988).文化变迁与教育发展.四川教育出版社.
    Fujigaki, Yuko & Leydesdorff, Loet(2000). Quality Control and Validation Boundaries in a
    
    Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government: 'Mode 2' and the Future of University Research. Social Science Information 39(4), 2000,635-655.
    Fukuyama, Francis(1995). Trust. New York: Free Press.
    Gann, David(1999). 'Think piece' for CRISP Commission 98/1:Industrial absorption of academic outputs, http://www.crisp-uk.org.uk/REPORTS/spru-fr.pdf, 2003-08-19.
    Gann, D.M. and Salter, A.(1994). Interdisciplinary Skills for Built Environment Professionals, Ove Arup Foundation, London; adapted from Gibbons et al 1994.
    高平叔(1992).中国高等教育思想史.人民教育出版社.
    高平书(1998).北京大学的蔡元培时代.北京大学学报(哲学版),1998(2).
    Gibbons, Michael(2003). University and the New Production of Knowledge: Some Policy Implications for Government. http://www.hsrcpublishers.co.za/e-library/Changing-Modes/Microsoft Word-CModes chapter Two.pdf.2003-08-18.
    Gibbons, M., Limoges, C,, Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., Trow, M.(1994). The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies. Sage, London.
    Giddens, Anthony(1984). The Constitution of Society (Polity Press, Cambridge).
    Giere, R.(1999). Science Without Laws: Science and Its Conceptual Foundations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Gittelman, M.(2002). The institutional origins of national innovation performance: Careers, organizations, and patents in biotechnology in the United States and France.2002.
    Godin, B.(1998). Writing performative history: is this a new Atlantis?. Social Studies of Science 38 3,465-483.
    Godin, Benoit, and Yves Gingras(2000). The Place of Universities in the System of Knowledge Production, Research Policy 29, 273-278.
    Goldfarb & Henrekson(2002). Bottom-Up vs. Top-down Policies towards the Commercialization of University Intellectual Property. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance No 463, 2002,04,25.
    Goldman M & Macfarquhar R(1999). The Paradox of China's Post-Mao Reforms. Harvard University Press 1999.
    Granstrand, O. (1999). The Economics and Management of Intellectual Property: Towards Intellectual Capitalism. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
    Greeley. & Andrew M(2002). Religious Revivals in Eastern Europe. Society, Jan/Feb2002, Vol. 39 Issue 2.
    Groak, S.(1992). The Idea of Building E.&F.N. Spon, London, p. 163.
    顾海(2001).我国产学研实践中的制约因素分析对策.中国科技产业,2001(4).
    顾海兵、张鲜堂(2003).新闻周刊.2003,09(35).
    谷贤林(2001).百年回眸:外来影响与中国高等教育发展.北京科技大学学报(社科版),2001,(1):80~87.
    GUIRR: Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable(1998). National Science and Technology Strategies in a Global Context. Report of an International Symposium (National Academy Press, Washington D.C.). 〈http://bob.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nst/〉.
    Gulbrandsen, Magnus (1997). "Universities and Industrial Competitive Advantage", pp. 121-31 in: Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (1997).
    
    
    国家教育发展中心(2000).展望高等教育‘大众化’与高等教育改革.2000年中国教育绿皮书.教育科学出版社.
    国务院发展研究中心课题组(2002).政府职能转变的国际经验与启示.经济口报,2002,08,05.
    郭健(2000).哈佛大学发展史研究(博士论文).石家庄:河北大学出版社.
    Gustin, B.(1975). The emergence of the German chemical profession, 1790-1867. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago.
    韩延明(2001).蔡元培、梅贻琦之大学理念探要.高等教育研究,2001(5):90-93.
    杭州科情所(1998).国内外高新技术产业发展综览http://www.hznet.com.cn/kidt/yjjg/1998/LGMW.htm.
    Hayek, Friedrich 1979. The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies on the Abuse of Reason. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
    何传启 张凤(2001).知识创新——竞争新焦点.北京:经济管理出版社.
    何基报(2000).资产价格模型及其非参数方法与应用.华东师范大学博士论文.
    贺国庆(1998).德国和美国大学发达史.北京:人民教育出版社.
    何璋(2000).西方经济学.中国财政经济出版社.
    洪成文(2001).企业家精神与沃里克大学的兴起.比较教育研究,2001(2).
    洪丕熙(?).从一个词的变化看1983年法国高教改革的目标.外国教育资料(6)51-57.
    胡鞍钢(2000a).发挥政府在社会发展中的作用.胡鞍钢 王绍光.政府与市场.中国计划出版社.
    胡鞍钢(2000b).序言.胡鞍钢 王绍光.政府与市场.中国计划出版社,2000.
    湖北日报评论员(2003).把主导作用还给市场——为什么要加快政府职能转变.http://www.cnhubei.com/200311/ca368901.htm.
    胡恩华(2001).产学研合作创新中问题及对策研究.研究与发展管理.http://www.ctiin.com.cn/forum/mjzy/mjzy0203/mjzy020329-1.htm
    胡恩华 郭秀丽(2002).我国产学研合作创新中存在的问题及对策研究.科学管理研究,2002(2):69-72.
    胡金海(1999).发展高技术产业的市场行为与政府行为研究.浙江大学博士论文.
    胡乔木等(1992).中国大百科全书(政治学卷).中国大百科全书出版社.
    华东师大图书馆(2003).大学-企业-政府关系的转变.http://202.199.24.30/gaoiiaoyaniiu/paper/3.htm. http://www.lib.ecnu.edu.cn/wwsk/wwsk.htm.
    黄(2002).清华:打响校企改制“第一枪”.中国教育报,2002,04,10(4).
    黄辉光(2003).日本军民两用政策和运行模式简介.陕西军工信息网.http://www.jungong.net/-info/content/content 3011.htm.2003-11-18.
    黄新昌(1992).美国全国科学基金会在促进大学—工业合作研究中的作用.中外高教研究,1992(2).
    Ingwersen, P.(1998). "The calculation of Web Impact Factors." Journal of Documentation 54(2): 236-243.
    吉登斯(1998).民族—国家与暴力(赵力涛译).三联书店.
    蒋京议(2003).社会结构调整与政府职能转变http://www.people.com.cn/GB/guandian/1035/2138918.html.
    姜照华(1996).科技进步在经济增长中的贡献率的测算方法与提高策略.哈尔滨工业大
    
    学.
    教育部(2000).落实《关于加强技术创新,发展高科技,实现产业化的决定》的若干意见.2000,01,05.
    教育部教育管理信息中心(2000).英国官方机构公布大学排名榜.世界教育信息,2000(9).
    Jiménez, Jaime(2000). Third Triple Helix International Conference. http://locke.iimas.unam.mx/rc23/triplehelix.html
    金观涛 刘青峰(2003).兴盛与危机——论中国封建社会的超稳定结构.http://www.mypcera.com/book/2003new/zhexue/other/xsywi/.
    井村裕夫(2001).综合科学技术会议的现状.科学,2001,71(11):1423-1427.
    Jones-Evans, D.(1997). Entrepreneurial Universities-Cases of Good Practices from the Republic of Ireland, International Conference: Technology Policy and Less Developed Research and Development Systems in Europe, UNU-INTECH, International Conference, Seville, 18-20 October 1997.
    卡斯帕儿(1998).斯坦福大学的成功之道(夏洪流 周刚译).高等教育研究,1999(3).
    康全礼、田恩舜(2002).地方高校在产学研合作中的定位问题.高等教育研究,2002(1):58-63.
    克莱因(1997).中国经济的稳定增长:国际经验的启示.中国的第二次革命——西方学者看中国.商务印书馆,2001.
    科技部(2001).中国科技论文统计结果(2000).科学技术部中国科学技术信息研究所.
    柯武刚、史漫飞(2002).制度经济学——社会秩序与公共政策.北京:商务印书馆.
    King,E.J.(2000).别国的学校和我们的学校—今日比较教育.北京:人民教育出版社.
    匡兴华(1992).生产工程研究中心(ERC)的研究报告.中外高教研究,1992,03(Vol.7,No.1).
    拉雷多(1999).欧盟的技术规划.大学与全球知识经济.南昌:江西教育出版社,1999.
    拉尼马(1991).科学与被低估的知识:第三世界的观点.东西方大学与文化.武汉:湖北教育出版社.
    Langberg, Kamma(2003). Managing in the Triple Helix-from a University perspective. Working papers 2002/13. The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy, www.afsk.au.dk.
    Larson, R. R.(1996). "Bibliometrics of the World Wide Web: An Exploratory Analysis of the Intellectual Structure of Cyberspace." ASIS 96. Last accessed on August 4, 2001. See http://sherlock.berkeley.edu/asis96/asis96.html.
    Lewontin, R.(2000). The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism, and Environment. Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press.
    Leydesdorff, Loet(1994). "New Models of Technological Change: New Theories for Technology Studies?" in: Leydesdorff & Van den Besselaar 1994, pp. 180-92.
    Leydesdorff, L.(1995). The Challenge of Scientometrics: the development, measurement, and self-organization of scientific communications. Leiden: DSWO Press, Leiden University; at http://www.upublish.com/books/leydesdorff-sci.htm.
    Leydesdorff, Loet(1997a). "The New Communication Regime of University-Industry-Government Relations," pp. 106-117 in: Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (1997).
    Leydesdorff, Loet(1997b). The Non-linear Dynamics of Sociological Reflections, International Sociology 12,25-45.
    Leydesdorff, Loet(2000a). The Triple Helix: An Evolutionary Model of Innovations. Research
    
    Policy 29:243-255.
    Leydesdorff, Loet(2000b). "A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations," The Journal of Science & Health Policy 1, 43-48.
    Leydesdorff, L.(2001). A Sociological Theory of Communication: The Self-Organization of the Knowledge-Based Society. Parkland, FL: Universal Publishers; at 〈http://www.upublish.com/books/leydesdorff.htm〉.
    Leydesdorff, Loet(2002). The Measurement and Evaluation of Triple Helix Relations among Universities, Industries, and Governments. Paper to be presented at the Fourth Inter-national Triple Helix Conference, Copenhagen, November 2002.
    Leydesdorff(2003a), Communication and Knowledge: How is the knowdge base of an economy constructed? 15th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics(SASE), Aix-en-Provence, 27 June 2003.
    Leydesdorff(2003b). Indicators of Innovation in a Knowledge-based Economy. http://users.fmg.uva.nl/lleydesdorff/evista/index.htm
    Leydesdorff, L. & Curran, M(2000). Mapping University-Industry-Government Relations on the Internet: The Construction of Indicators for a Knowledge-Based Economy. Cybermetrics. Volume 4 (2000). Issue 1. Paper 2.
    Leydesdorff Loet & Etzkowitz Henry(1995). On Academic-Industry Relations: A Sociological Paradigm for Economic Development. To appear in: Loet Leydesdorff ed. New Developments in Technology Studies: Evolutionary Economics and Chaos Theory. London: Pinter.
    Leydesdorff Loet & Etzkowitz Henry(1996). Emergence of a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations, Science and Public Policy 23,279-286.
    Leydesdorff, H., Etzkowitz H., (Eds.)(1997). A triple Helix of University-Industry-Government relations. The future location of Research, Book of Abstracts, Science Policy Institute, State University of New York, 1997.
    Leydesdorff Loet & Etzkowitz Henry(1998). The Triple Helix as a model for innovation studies, Science and Public Policy 25(3), 195-203.
    Leydesdorff Loet & Etzkowitz Henry(2001). A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations: 》Mode 2《and the Globalization of》National《Systems of Innovation. The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy. Science under Pressure Proceedings. Layout: NewCom(Denmark), 2001.7-35. http://www.afsk.au.dk/ftp/Science-under pressure/2001-1.pdf
    Leydesdorff Loet & Etzkowitz Henry(2002). Can "The Public" Be Considered as a Fourth Helix in University-Industry-Government Relations? Report of the Fourth Triple Helix Conferenc e, 2002,11, 6-9. http://users.fmg.uva.nl/lleydesdorff/th4/spp.htm.
    Leydesdorff., Loet & Guoping., Zeng(2001). University-Industry-Government Relations in China: An emergent national system of innovations. Industry and Higher Education 15(3):179-182.
    Leydesdorff, Loet, and Nienke Oomes(1999). Is the European Monetary System Converging to Integration? Social Science Information 38(1), 57-86.
    Leydesdorff, Loet, and Peter Van den Besselaar (eds.). 1994. Evolutionary Economics and Chaos Theory: New directions in technology studies (London: Pinter).
    Leydesdorff, L. & Scharnhorst, A(2003). Measuring the Knowledge Base A Program of Innovation Studies. Working Report for "Frderinitiative Science Policy Studies" of the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. 2003.
    
    
    李波等(2000).知识进程中的产业变革.广州:广东经济出版社.
    李大光(1998).总序.大学与全球知识经济.江西教育出版社.
    李大钊(1920).孟德斯鸠的历史思想.1920年北大《史学与思想史》课所印发讲义,后收录于《李大钊文集》下卷.http://culture.online.sh.cn/bbs/read.asp?boardid=1&bbsid=18790
    李公明(2001).奴役与抗争—科学与艺术的对话.南京:江苏人民出版社.
    李工真(1996).德意志大学与德意志现代化.中国大学人文启示录(第一卷).武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1996版(1999年重印).
    李建军(2000).院墙推倒之后——中国高校高科技产业的崛起.北京邮电大学出版社.
    李杰(1993).美国国家科学基金会大学工业合作中心项目主任李杰访华报告(内部稿).1993,10,10.
    李廉水(1998).论产学研合作创新的组织方式.科研管理,1998,01(1):30-33.
    李猛(2003).大学的使命:公民科学与自由教育.随笔http://culture.online.sh.cn/bbs/read.asp?boardid=1&bbsid=12105.2003,07,17.
    李泽厚(1994).走我自己的路.安徽文艺出版社.
    李泽厚(1999).中国思想史论.安徽文艺出版社.
    李正风、曾国屏(1999).中国创新系统研究:技术、制度和知识.济南:山东教育出版社.
    李正风、曾国屏(2003).国家创新系统与知识经济 http://www.ctiin.com.cn/forum/jscx/jscx24.htm.
    林喆(2003).浪漫主义思潮的政治先导——《社会契约论》的理论内核.http://www.polisino.org/pool/lmzysxdzzx.htm,2003,07,10.
    刘成(2001).宏观视角下探讨英国兴盛和衰落的过程及原因——中国英国史学术研讨会综述.湖南张家界会议,2001,10,13-18.
    刘德智(2001).工业企业技术创新产学研合作障碍研究.经济与管理研究,2001(1):38-41.
    刘力(2001).产学研合作的历史比较与现状研究.浙江大学博士论文.2001,09,10.
    刘力(2002a).政府在产学研合作中的作用透视(上)——发达国家成功的经验.教育发展研究,2002(1):70-73.
    刘力(2002b).政府在产学研合作中的作用透视(下)——发达国家成功的经验.教育发展研究,2002(2):48-51.
    刘淇(2001).开拓高新区“二次创业”新局面——五市市长发言摘要.科技日报,2001,09,17.
    刘淑敏(1984).工业革命为什么首先发生在英国.齐鲁学刊,1984(5).
    刘伟(2002).解释历史的“无限可能性”——有关政府起源问题的争论.http://www.cc.org.cn/pingtai/010926300/1009263029.htm,2002-09-26.
    刘亚敏(2002).产学研关系的审思:以大学理念为视角.高等教育研究,2002(1):56-58.
    刘泽芬(1993).国外科技工业园区发展对策与启迪.国外科技政策与管理,1993(1).
    柳卸林(2000).21世纪的中国技术创新系统.北京大学出版社.
    卢梭(1762).社会契约论(中译本).商务印书馆.
    路甬祥(2002).再认识高技术产业化目标.科学时报,2002,04,29.
    路甬祥等(1996).工业创新和高等工程教育改革.高等工程教育研究,1996(2).
    Lundvall, Bengt-Ake(1988). Innovation as an interactive process: from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation, in: Giovanni Dosi, Chistopher Freeman, Richard Nelson, Gerald Silverberg, and Luc Soete (Editors), Technical Change and Economic Theory (Pinter, London), pp. 349-369.
    Lundvall, Bengt-Ake(1992a). Introduction in Bengt-Ake Lundvall, ed. National System of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interaction Learning, London and New York:
    
    Pinter, 1992,2.
    Lundvall, Bengt-ke (Editor)(1992b). National Systems of Innovation. (Pinter, London). Nelson, Richard R. (Editor), 1993, National Innovation Systems: A comparative study (Oxford University Press, New York).
    罗宾斯高等教育委员会(1963), Higher Education: Report of the Committee Appointed by the Prime Minister under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins 1961-1963, London: HMSO, 1963. p.1.
    洛克(1690).政府论(下篇).北京:商务印书馆,2003.
    罗新宇(2001).中国应当重视发展高等工程教育.中国青年报,2001,02,08.
    罗以茹 历以宁(1982).二十世纪的英国经济——“英国病”研究.北京:人民出版社.
    姜义华(1998).胡适学术文集.教育.北京:中华书局.
    吕献海(1999).知识爆炸——高科技与知识经济.科学普及出版社.
    马洪(1998).跨入新世纪的必由之路——中国高新技术产业发展研究.江苏科学技术出版社.
    马克森等(1991).美国高技术.科学技术文献出版社.
    马克思(1858).马恩全集第47卷:经济学手稿.人民出版社,1998.
    马庆国(2002).管理统计——数据获取、统计原理、SPSS工具与应用研究.科学出版社.
    毛良虎(2002).国家创新体系是发展经济的保证.http://www.czkp.org.cn/www/yxlw-28.htm.
    Martin, Ben R. & Etzkowitz, Henry. (2000), 'The Origin and Evolution of the University Species', Journal for Science and Technology Studies 13(3-4), 9-34.
    McClelland, Charles E.(1980). State, Society and University in Germany, 216-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1980.
    McFetridge, D.G.(1993). The Cannda System of Industrial Innovation. In R.R. Nelson. ed. National Innovation System: A Comparative Analysis. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.299.
    McKelvey, Maureen D.(1996). Evolutionary Innovations: The Business of Biotechnology (Oxford University Press, Oxford).
    Mehta Michael D.(2002). Regulating Biotechnology and Nanotechnology in Canada: A Post-Normal Science Approach for Inclusion of the Fourth Helix. Presented at the International Workshop on Science, Technology and Society: Lessons and Challenges, National Yniversity of Singapore, 19 April 2002.
    美国波士顿银行(1997). MIT: The Impact of Innovation. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/founders/TofC.html.
    梅向明等(1988).高等几何.高等教育出版社.
    Merton, R. K.(1938). Science and technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England., Sainte Catherine Press, Burges.
    Merton, R.K.(1942). Science and technology in a democratic order. Journal of Legal and Political Sociology 1, 115-126.
    米尔,R.N.戴科斯塔,J.L(1986).工业与大学的交流和合作(董小燕译).工程师的形成.1986:298-306.
    Mills, C. Wright(1958). The Power Elite (Oxford University Press, New York).
    默顿(1930/1986).十七世纪英国的科学、技术和社会(1930).成都:四川人民出版社,1986.
    Morris, J. Ted(2003). Report for the North Carolina Technology Development Initiative.
    
    http://www.northcarolina.edu/docs/aa/research/initiatives/TDI-NCSU-Report-2-05-02.pdf
    Morris R. & Lea T. D.(2002). Analysis & Characterization of the Research/Technology Transfer/Venture Capital/Incubation Model of Technology-Based Business Development Operating at North Carolina State University: Report for the North Carolina Technology Development Initiative.http://www.northcarolina.edu/docs/aa/research/initiatives/TDI-NCSU-Report-2-05-02.pdf
    Mowery, D.C.(1998). The Changing Structure of the US National Innovation System: Implications for International Conflict R&D Policy. Research Policy 27(1998) pp639-654.
    MRC(2003). DNA: 50 years of the Double Helix, http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/dna2003/story.html.
    木雅(2003).撒切尔夫人失忆严重盛装出门却忘了身在哪里.青年时报,2003,09,18(16).
    Muller, J.Z.(1993). Adam Smith in His Time and Ours. New York: Free Press.
    Narin, F., & D. Olivastro (1988). Technology Indicators Based on Patents and Patent Citations. In A. E J. v. Raan (Ed.), Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp: 465-507.
    Naughton B., Davis D. S., Kraus R., Perry E. J.(1995). Urban Spaces in Contemporary China. Cambridge University Press 2003.
    Nelson, Richard R. and Sidney G. Winter(1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, Mass., Belknap Press.
    Nelson, Richard R. (Editor)(1993). National Innovation Systems: A comparative study (Oxford University Press, New York).
    Nicholas Valery著(1999)战洪起 等译.工业创新.清华大学出版社.
    尼夫等(1999).知识对经济的影响(邸东辉译).新华出版社.
    Noble, David (1977). America by Design. New York: Knopf.
    Nonaka, Ikujiro; Umento, Katsuhiro and Sasagi, Keigo(1998). 'Three Tales of Knowledge creating Companies' in van Krogh, Georg et al. (eds.) Knowing in Firms, Sage, London.
    North, Douglas C.(1990.) Institutions, Institutional Change and Econmic Performance. Cambridge U.P: 3.
    Nowotny(2003). The Potential of Transdisciplinarity. http://www.interdisciplines.org/interdisciplinarity/papers/5/7/2,2003.2003,08, 19.
    NSF(2000). Science and Engineering Indicators 2000 (2000). National Science Board, Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
    NSTC(1999).技术与国家利益(李正风译,曾国屏校).北京:科学技术文献出版社.
    OECD(1980). Technical Change and Economic Policy (OECD, Paris).
    OECD(1997). National Innovation System. http://www.oecd.org/dsti/sti/st/inte/nis/
    Owen-Smith etc.(2002) A Comparison of U.S. and European University-Industry Relations in the Life Sciences. Management Science, 2002(1):24-43.
    潘懋元(1999).序.田建国.大学教育科技经济一体化.山东教育出版社,1999.
    Patel, P. & Pavitti, K.(1994). The nature and economic importance of national innovation system. OECD,STI, 1994(14).
    Pauling, L & Corey, B. C(1953). A Proposed Structure for the Nucleic Acids. Proc. Natl. Acad.
    
    Sci. USA,89,84-97.
    Perkins Dwight(2002). "the challenge China's economy poses for Chinese economists", China Economic Review.
    Pires, Artur da Rosa and Eduardo Anseimo de Castro(1997). "Can a strategic project for a university be strategic to regional development?", Science and Public Policy 24(1) 15-20.
    平泽冷(2001).日本科学技术政策的相关问题.科学,2001,71(11):1428-1437.
    Plonski, A. (1996), Beyond triads: an-institutional approach to knowledge-based economic development. Paper presented at the Triple Helix Conference, Amsterdam.
    Poincaré, H.(1905). Lecons de mécanique céleste (Vol. 1905 vol. Ⅰ, 1907 vol. Ⅱ part Ⅰ, 1909 vol. Ⅱ part Ⅱ, 1911 vol. Ⅲ). Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
    Popper, Karl R. 1962 The Open Society and its Enemies: The High Tide of Prophecy: Hegel, Marx, and the Aftermath. New York: HarPer and Row.
    Porter, M.(1999). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. The MacMillan Press.
    Potter,David.& Chickering,A.W.(1994).二十一世纪的大学及政府在高等教育发展中的职能(于军 沈宜超译).国外航空教育,1994(1):3654-3667.
    Putnam, Robert(1993). Making Democracy Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
    钱颖一 肖梦(2000).走出误区——经济学家论说硅谷模式.北京:中国经济出版社.
    秦晖(1998).江浙乡镇企业转制案例研究.香港中文大学.
    秦晖(2003a).中国转轨之路的前景.战略与管理,2003(1):1-19.
    秦晖(2003b).农民学丛书序.http://xueshu.newyouth.beida-online.com/xrsq/geren-lao.php3?pid=qinhui.
    秋风(2003).国富论:为市场立宪.中国经营报,2003,03,03.
    曲铭峰等编译(2000).美国麻省理工学院.高等研究与探索,2000.
    全国科进监评组(2001).全国及各地区科技进步状况综合评价.中国高新科技产业,2001,(3):7-10.
    Reisman, D. A.(1976). Adam Smith's Sociological Economics. London: Croom Helm.
    日本文部科学省(2001).日本科学技术基本计划.http://www.mext.go.jp/a-menu/kagaku/kihon/index.htm
    日本驻华使馆(2002).2002年诺贝尔奖,日本人在两个领域受奖.2002,10,21.http://www.cn.emb-iapan.go.jp/2nd%20tier/01nihon/ipn021021.htm.
    Riba-Vilanova, Marta, and Loet Leydesdorff(1999). 'A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations at the Regional Level: The Case of Catalonia' Paper presented at the European workshop on Regional Innovation Systems, San Sebastian/Donostia, October 1999.
    Rogerster etc(1986). Life and Letters of William Barton Rogers, Vol. Ⅱ, Boston and New York Houghton Mifflin and Co, The Riverside Press, Cambridge.
    Romer, Paul(1990) 'Endogenous Technological Change' Journal of Political Economy 1990: (5).
    Rosenberg, Nathan, and Richard R. Nelson(1994). American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry, Research Policy 23,323-348.
    Rothwell, Roy, and Walter Zegveld(1981). Industrial Innovation and Public Policy (Pinter, London).
    Rousseau, R.(1997). "Sitations: an exploratory study." Cybermetrics 1(1).
    
    http://www.cindoc.csic.es/cybermetrics/articles/vlilpl.html.
    阮湘华等(2001).激光:为啥论文多产业小.科技日报,2001,09,04.
    Rudolph, Frederick.(1993). The American College and University-A History. 1993.
    萨缪尔森、诺德豪斯(1999).经济学(第16版,中译本,萧琛等译).北京:华夏出版社,1999.
    Sábato, Jorge(1975). El pensamiento latinoamericano en la problemática ciencia-technologia-desarrollo-dependencia (Paidós, Buenos Aires).
    Sábato, Jorge, and M. Mackenzi(1982). La producción de technologia. Autónoma o transnacional (Nueva Imagen, Mexico).
    Sampat B. N., Mowery D. C., Sidonis A. A.(2003). Changes in University Patent Quality after the Bayh-Dole Act: A Re-Examination. International Journal of Industrial Organization, forthcoming.
    Sanderson, M.(1972). The Universities and British Industry 1850~1970, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London,1972.
    Saxenian, Annalee(1994). Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128(Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA/London).
    Schutte, E & Van Der Sijde, EC.(ed/s)(2000). The University and Its Region: Examples of Regional Development from the European Consortium of Innovative University. Twenty University Press.
    SCI(2000).http://www.library.cornell.edu/psl/chem602/spring2001/handouts/handout4-1.pdf.
    SCIE(2OOO).http://www.math.bgu.ac.il/~goldfarb/Citation-Index/SCI00.html.
    Shannon, C. E.(1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379-423 and 623-356.
    盛洪(1998).对冲基金、民族国家和经济自由主义.天则所双周论谈,1998,12,04.http://www.unirule.org.cn/symposium/c134.html.
    盛洪(2000).龙的诞生:一个政治经济学的故事.读书,2000(12).
    盛洪(2002).一个划时代的谎言.读书,2002(12):25-32.
    施晓光(2001).美国大学思想论纲(博士论文).北京师范大学出版社.
    数据挖掘讨论组(2003).数据挖掘简介.http://www.dmgroup.org.cn/.
    Skinner, A.S. (1979) A System of Social Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Smith, A.(1762~64). Lectures on Jurisprudence. Reprint, 1978. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Smith, A.(1776/1937). An Inquiry into the Nature and Origins of the Wealth of Nations. Reprint, 1937. New York: Modern Library.
    Snyder, H. & Rosenbaum H.(1999). "Can search engines be used for web-link analysis? A critical review." Journal of Documentation 55(4): 375-384.
    宋健(2001).宋健细述“高新区情结”.中国高新技术产业导报,2001,09,18.
    宋养琰(2003).化解“三铁”完善“体制”.中国社会科学院院报,2003,12,01.http://www.cass.cn/webnew/file/2003120110410.html.
    宋毅等(1991).现代科学技术园.吉林教育出版社.
    宋毅、张红(1993).产业发生学引论.中国社会科学出版社.
    Stankiewicz, R.(1998). Academics and Entrepreneurs, Frances Printer, 1986, pp.5~8.
    Storr, R.(1953). The Beginnings of Graduate Education in America. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    
    
    Streeten, P.(1993). 'Markets and States: Against Minimalism', World Development 21(8): 1281-1298.
    苏程(2003).德国:中国是超级经济明星.环球时报,2003,03,12(11).
    苏敬勤(1999a).产学研合作创新机制设计.大连理丁大学学报(社科版),1999,1(1):32-48.
    苏敬勤(1999b).产学研合作创新的交易成本及内外部化条件.科研管理,1999,9(5):68-71.
    苏兹(1996).大学在生产部门的新任务.埃兹科维茨,雷德斯多夫.大学与全球知识经济(中译本,夏道源译).南昌:江西教育出版社,1999.
    Sutz., Judith.(1998). A commented report of the Conference A Triple Helix of University, Industry, Government Relations: The New Location of Research? http://www.csic.edu.uy/documentos/doc3.pdf.
    孙树奇(1999).产业发展史与经济变革规律——论新产业的发展是促进社会经济快速增长的关键.http://www.hongkun.com/luntan/file/002.htm.
    孙玉红(2003).先有哈佛 后有美国.南风窗,2003,01(下):72-73.
    SUNY(2003). Boolean Searching on the Internet-A Primer in Boolean Logic. State University of New York http://lib.rary.albany.edu/internet/boolean.html.
    谈松华(2002).体制创新与高教改革.http://www.edu.cn/20020328/30237182.shtml.2002,03,28.
    谭星宇、骆威(2001).美国哥伦比亚大学.人民画报,2001,09.http://www.rmhb.com.cn/chpic/htdocs/content/200109/gelbv.htm.
    汤因比(1964).历史研究(下)(曹未风译).上海人民出版社,1964.
    特宾、琼斯(1996).澳大利亚与中国的创新网络.大学与全球知识经济(夏道源等译).江西教育出版社,1999.
    Thelwall, Mike(2001) "Extracting macroscopic information from web links." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52(13), 1157-1168.
    Thomas, O. and Willet P.(2000). "Webometric analysis of departments of librarianship and information science." Journal of Information Science 26(6): 421-428.
    田建国(1999).大学教育科技一体化.山东教育出版社.
    托太哈(1946).回教教育史(马坚译).商务印书馆.
    University of Warwick(1999a). Research Assessment Exercise Confirms Warwick's Position as One of UK's top 5 Research Universities. http://www.warwick.ac.uk/news/pr/university/401
    University of Warwick(1999b). University of Warwick wins? Million Government Funding to Support its Links with Business. http://www.warwick.ac.uk/news/pr/university/380
    University of Warwick(1999c). Warwick Declared to be UK's Most Productive Research University. http://www.warwick.ac.uk/news/pr/university/228
    University of Warwick(2003a). http://www.warwick.ac.uk/about/profile
    University of Warwick(2003b). http://www.warwick.ac.uk/doctoral/which.html
    University of Warwick(2003c). http://www.warwick.ac.uk/htmfiles/index.html
    University of Warwick(2003d). http://www.warwick.ac.uk/about/profile
    Viale Riccardo., Ghiglione Beatrice., Rosselli Fondazione(2003). The Triple Helix model: a Tool for the Study of European Regional Socio Economic Systems. http://www.jrc.es/pages
    
    /iptsreport/vol29/english/REG1E296.htm,2003-04-13.
    外国教育资料(1992).美国工业界积极支持大学的研究与开发.1992(1).
    Walder., A(1996). China's Transitional Economy: Interpreting its Significance.
    丸山刚司(2001).如何制定科学技术基本计划.科学,2001,71(11).
    王成军等(2002a).百年中国大学学科改造及现阶段相关问题研究.科研管理,2002(6):7-11.
    王成军等(2002b).基于国际竞争力提升环境下的技术创新特性研究.中国软科学,2002(10):70-74.
    王成军(2003a).从渊源与流变看大学改革.经济学消息报,2003,08,29(4).
    王成军(2003b).小慈善大社会.浙江大学报,2003,09,20(3).
    王成军、褚标(2002).混和相依过程局部多项式加权回归估计渐进正态性的进一步结果.四川大学学报(自然科学版),2002(8):608-616.
    汪丁丁(2002a).哈耶克“扩展秩序”思想初论.http://www.tszz.com/theory/liberalism/liberalism0013.html.2002,11,08.
    汪丁丁(2002b).制度分析基础——一个面向宽带网时代的讲义.社会科学文献出版社,2002.
    汪丁丁(2003).中国的汽车文明与中国人的汽车文化.读书,2003(8):89-92.
    王建翔(2000).科技与经济结合的两个关键问题.http://www.ctiin.com.cn/igcx/wjs.htm.2000,12,06.
    王民等(1994).工程教育基础.浙江大学出版社.
    王绍光(2000).变化的政府作用.胡鞍钢 王绍光.政府与市场.中国计划出版社,2000.
    王雁等(2003).创业型大学:研究型大学的挑战与机遇.高等教育研究,2003(5):52-56.
    王耀东(1997).访美国北卡高科技园区.文汇报,1997,12,03(海外瞭望版).
    王毅 吴贵生(2001).产学研合作中粘滞知识的成因与转移机制研究.科研管理,2001,11(6):114-121.
    王英杰(1993).美国高等教育的发展与改革.北京:人民教育出版社.
    王永生(1999).技术进步及其组织——日本的经验与中国的实践.中国发展出版社.
    王元等(2002).强化战略技术及产业发展中的国家意志 http://www.cas.ac.cn/Html/Dir0/02/78/99.htm.2002,09,28.
    王志乐(1981).“产业革命”和“工业革命”的含义和译法.东北师范大学学报,1981(4).
    Watson,J & Crick,F(1953).A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid.Nature(2 April).
    魏得胜(2003).三十个世纪的中西之别.书屋,2003(2):13-19.
    威廉斯(1991).文化与社会(吴松江 张文定译).北京大学出版社.
    Weingart, P.(1997). From "Finalization" to "Mode 2": old wine in new bottles?. Social Science Information 36 4,591-613.
    温家宝(2003a).把目光投向中国(2003年12月10日在哈佛大学的演讲).http://culture.online.sh.cn/bbs/read.asp?boardid=1&bbsid=20528.
    温家宝(2003b).加快实现政府职能转变 着力抓好四环节.http://www.cnerc.gov.cn/News/20030915201.htm
    Werhane, P. (1991) Adam Smith and His Legacy for Modern Capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Westmeyer, Paul(1985). A History of American Higher Education. 1985.
    White G., Howell Jude., Xiaoyuan Shang(1996). In Search of Civil Society. Oxford:
    
    Clarendon Press, 1996.
    Williamson, O.(1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting. New York: The Free Press.
    Wouters, Paul (1999). The Citation Culture. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Amsterdam.
    沃尔夫(1985).十六、十七世纪科学、技术和哲学史(中译本),商务印书馆,1985.
    吴光宗、戴桂康(2000).现代科学技术革命与当代社会.北京航空航天大学出版社.
    吴坚(1991).产学合作的理论与实践的应用研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.
    吴敬琏(2002).制度重于技术.中国发展出版社.
    吴林海(1999).高技术产业界定的方法与分析.科技进步与对策,1999(6).
    吴敏生(1997).Fraunhofer联合体的启示与我国高等工程教育走向的探讨.高等工程教育研究,1997(1).
    www.dwzx.net(2002).什么是国家创新体系.http://www.dwzx.net/system/2002/11/07/000007959.shtml.
    吴晓波(2002).浙江大学第2届双周博士论谈:中国企业的危机.2002,10,13.
    乌约莫夫(1983).系统方式和一般系统论(闵家胤译).吉林人民出版社,1983.
    肖元真(2000).全球科技创新发展大趋势.科学出版社.
    谢开勇(2000).构建高校产学研新的运行机制.软科学,2002(1):82-84.
    谢远东(1998).政府机构改革透视.法制日报,2003,03,08.
    新浪财经(2003).“中外管理官产学恳谈会”简介.http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20031022/1759485033.shtml 2003,10,22.
    辛淑玲(1988).浅谈社会观念的变化对工业革命的影响.东北师范大学学报,1988(2).
    徐辉(1990).高等教育发展的新阶段——论大学与工业的关系(博士论文).杭州大学出版社.
    徐辉(1999).变革时代的大学使命.杭州:浙江大学出版社.
    徐凌(2003).郑和迷题和李约瑟难题的比较研究及其启迪.http://www.ihns.ac.cn/members/student/xulinl.htm.
    许美德(1981).西方大学的形成及其社会根源.教育研究,1981(12).
    薛澜(2000a).大学的永恒价值.人民论坛,2000(12).http://www.bbtpress.com.cn/homepagebook/385/ds2.htm.
    薛澜(2000b).研究与开发全球化:中国的案例.http://www.unirule.org.cn/symoosium./c176zongshu.htm.2000,09,08.
    熊建成(1996).郑和下西洋与哥伦布发现新大陆之比较研究.走向海洋的中国人.海潮出版社.
    严士健 刘秀芳(1994).测度与概率.北京师范大学出版社.
    鄢祖林(1991).新经济开发区与科技企业孵化器.科学出版社.
    杨东平(1999).学校.http://www6.163.com/literature/item/0,2276,3287,00.html.1999,12,30.
    杨建京(2001).面向21世纪的中国高新技术企业.中国高新技术企业,2001(2):12-23.
    杨小凯(2003a).基督教和宪政 http://culture.online.sh.cn/bbs/read.asp?boardid=1&bbsid=10647.
    杨小凯(2003b).为什么工业革命不在西班牙发生.南方周末,2003,04,24.
    杨豫(1989).英国近代工业化的道路.英国政治经济和社会现代化.南京大学出版社,1989.
    杨正润(2003).在上海交通大学的讲演(节选).http://cuIture.online.sh.cn/bbs/read.asp?
    
    boardid=1&bbsid=18741.
    姚俊凡(1982).高等几何讲义.贵州人民出版社.
    姚震详(1996).英国教学公司在促进产学研合作的作用.比较教育研究,1996(1).
    明(2003).北京大学党委书记闵维方真是斯坦福大学的博士吗? http://www.chillicity.com/publishhtml/13/2003-10-27/20031027073712.html.2003,10,27.
    伊腾元重(2001).产业政策的经济分析.东京:东京大学出版会.
    易宪容(2003).政府职能转变的制度保证.南方周末,2002,09,06.
    余春祥等(1998).知识经济与高新技术产业.云南科技出版社.
    余培果等(2001).产学研联合技术创新存在问题的分析.中国科技论坛,2001(1):21-24.
    于维栋、邢纯洁等(2001).来自中国大学科技产业的报告.科学学与科学技术管理,2001(3):11-14.
    余雅风、郑晓齐(2002).大学—企业合作创新中政府的作用模式及职能.科技导报,2002(3):10-12.
    俞云平(1996).英国促进高校科研成果转化的措施与启示.决策探索,1996(4).
    曾华锋(2000).经济腾飞的双翼—科学技术与教育.山西教育出版社.
    曾晓萱(1992).128号公路创造发明的摇篮——MIT.高等工程教育研究,1992(4).
    张风等(1999).美英德法日五国的国立科研机构的运行机制.科研管理,1999(1):79-86.
    张厚义(2003).一个私营企业主阶层正在冒起.经济,2003,11,19.http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20031119/1354526082.shtml.
    张昊(2001).工业革命史研究概述.历史教学,2001(7).http://www.pep.com.cn/200212/ca38623.htm.
    张炼(2001).产学研合作:值得关注的人才培养模式.现代大学教育,2001(1):71-103.
    张五常(1986).经济解释.北京:商务印书馆,2002.
    张一尘等(2001).产学研合作教育中的问题与对策.中国高教研究,2001(7):41-42.
    张颐武(2003).疫病阻击史回顾:人类在与瘟疫较量中悲壮前行.http://culture.online.sh.cn/bbs/read.asp?boardid=1&bbsid=7278.2003,05,06.
    章敬平(2003).警惕中国产业空心化.南风窗,2003(1(上)):56-57.
    章鸣(2001).迈入新世纪的中国高新技术产业的发展对策.中国高新技术企业,2001(3):26-29.
    赵黎清(1998).非政府组织与可持续发展.经济科学出版社.
    郑登云(1994).中国高等教育史(上).上海:华东师范大学出版社.
    郑友德、高华(1999).论专利制度对创新的激励.科研管理,1999(3):69-74.
    中国产学研联合网(2003).产学研工程办公室简介.http://www.iurpp.net.cn/side/cxyjj.htm.
    中国科技信息研究所(2002).院所转制转出一片新天地.http://www.heinfo.gov.cn/kjdt/20021009/01/htm
    中国科学院(执笔人:何传启、李宁等)(1998).迎接知识经济时代,建设国家创新体系.中国科学院院刊,1998,13(3):165~169.
    中国网(2003).向高科技产业发展.http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/282788.htm.2003,02,26.
    中科院(2002).路甬祥院长会见日本内阁府尾身幸次大臣.http://www.cas.ac.cn/Html/Dir0/02/71/06.htm.2002,09,13.
    中科在线(2003).863计划概况http://www.chinatech.com.cn/techachieve/intro/plan863.htm.
    周谷平(2002).创新:建设一流大学的灵魂.高等教育研究,2002(1):60-63.
    周光迅(1999).大学教育综合化.济南:山东教育出版社.
    周济(2000).解放思想 更新观念 加快发展高校科技产业.高等教育研究(武汉)2000,(4):1-6.
    周寄中(1997).最后的选择—科学技术与教育.陕西人民教育出版社,1998.
    
    
    周其仁(2003).海归学者为北大改革加油:都希望再出个蔡元培.中国青年报,2003,06,30.
    周孝正(2003).从学校人到社会人.在中国人民大学的演讲,2003,06,27.
    驻大阪总领馆教育组(2000).日本决定开设新型“专项资金讲座”.世界教育信息,2000(12).
    驻大阪总领馆教育组(2001).日本的《重点研究基地形成计划》.教育参考资料,2001(3).
    驻日使馆教育处(2000).日本大学的产学研合作.教育参考资料,2000(3).
    驻日使馆教育处(2001).东京大学尖端技术科技孵化公司简介.教育参考资料,2001(3).
    朱斌(2001).当代美国科技.北京:社会科学文献出版社.
    朱高峰(2000).产业大观.北京:清华大学出版社:广州:暨南大学出版社.
    朱绍中(2000).培养应用型人才的摇篮——使用高等专业学院综述和借鉴.外国教育资料,2000(3).
    朱学勤(1999).从“五月花“到“哈佛”.东方文化周刊,1999(16)http://www.nfcmag.com/2002-06-2/article/53.htm.
    Ziman, John(1994), Prometheus Bound: Science in a Dynamic Steady State (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
    Ziman, J.(2000) Real Science: What it is and What it Means. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700