山西白额晚古生代沉积特征与煤层气烃源岩影响研究
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摘要
研究区位于华北聚煤凹陷河东煤田南部,区内构造变形微弱,基本构造形态为走向NE-NNE、倾向NW的单斜构造,地层倾角一般为3-8°。区内地层发育较全,沉积稳定,晚古生代石炭二叠系含煤岩系含煤丰富,为我国主要的煤矿床开发区。
通过对钻井岩心、测井曲线、粒度分析及镜下薄片鉴定等综合分析研究,运用层序地层学的基本原理和研究方法,根据沉积基准面变化规律,并结合华北盆地其它地区的研究成果,建立了白额勘探区晚古生代石炭二叠系含煤岩系层序地层格架,划分为三个超层序,九个三级层序。
沉积基准面升降引起可容纳空间的变化,不仅形成了明显的旋回地层,也使聚煤作用显示出明显的阶段性。在研究区石炭二叠系含煤岩系充填序列中,由于受构造、气候和物源供应的共同影响,石炭系本溪组、太原组潮坪沉积体系发育,区内7~#、10~#、12~#煤层主要为潮坪泥炭沼泽化而形成。浅水三角洲发育于二叠系山西组,在浅水三角洲中由于盆地坡度较缓,水体浅而较稳定,一般三角洲平原发育较好,规模也较大,在浅水三角洲平原分流间泥炭沼泽发育,形成本区厚度较大、分布稳定、具工业开采价值的2~#、3~#煤层。二叠系中晚期石盒子组和石千峰组为陆相河湖沉积,由于气候干燥,形成灰、灰白、紫红等杂色碎屑岩系。
本区晚古生代基准面升降旋回中均有煤层(或煤线)发育,但聚煤作用发育的程度及分布相差很大,具有工业意义的煤层主要形成于超层序Ⅰ的长周期基准面上升半旋回。在超层序Ⅰ的Sq2、Sq3和Sq4层序海侵体系域,形成全区普遍发育的可采煤层。
不同的沉积环境形成的煤层对煤质有重要的影响,由此影响到煤层的生气量,通过主采2~#、3~#和10~#煤层煤质分析和煤层气解析实验,表明研究区潮坪泥炭沼泽化下形成的10~#煤层要比浅水三角洲体系2~#、3~#煤中镜质组含量高,10~#煤层的生气能力高于2~#、3~#煤层。
The study area is located in south Hedong coalfield in north China accumulation coal depression, a weak local structural deformation, the basic structural form for the trend NE-NNE, tend to NW monocline structure, formation dip generally 3 ~ 8°. Stratigraphic development of the region is complete, sedimentation stability. Late Paleozoic Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing rocks is full of coal . It is China's major coal-bed zone.
By drilling cores, logging curve, particle size analysis and microscopic identification , using sequence stratigraphy of the basic principles and research methods, according to deposition of base-level variation, and combined with the research results of other parts of North China basin, we set up the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Late Paleozoic Permo-Carboniferous coal bearing formation.It is divided into three super-sequences, nine three sequences.
The changes of accommodation space is because of the lift and down of the deposition of base-level space .Not only form a clear cyclostratigraphy ,but also made coal accumulation in a significant stage. In the study area, Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing rocks filling sequence, due to the combined effect of construction, material source of supply and climate, the Carboniferous Benxi, Taiyuan tidal flat depositional system development. 7 #, 10 #, 12 # coal seam is mainly tidal flat peat swamp formed. Shallow-water delta is formed in the Permian Shanxi. It forms in the basin flat slope, water more shallow and stable,so generally well-developed delta plain and a larger scale. Distributary interchannel depression of the shallow-water delta form the peat swamp. In the peat swam form a larger thickness ,the distribution of stability, with the value of industrial exploitation 2 #, 3 # coal seam. Middle and Late Permian is the continental river and lake deposits, due to dry climate and forming gray, offwhite, purple and other variegated clastic rocks. The lifting of the Late Paleozoic base-level cycles can form coal seam (or coal line), but the extent of development of coal accumulation and distribution varied widely. with industrial significance of the main coal seam formed in the up half-cycle of ultra-long-period in the super sequenceⅠ.That is, the continuous deposition of base-level elevation and the persistence of accommodation space as a guarantee .The accommodation space of coal swamps of the accommodation space is increasing, and water table rise, stability sedimentation become stronger. Because the supply of weakening, combined with the climate, tidal flat become peat swamp, Sq2, Sq3 and Sq4 the transgresss systems tract of sequence to form the general development of the region's coal seam in the super-sequenceⅠ.
Because the coal seam form in different sedimentary environments , coal quality is different .thus affecting the amount of coal seam bed is made. through coal quality analysis of the 2 #,3 # and 10 # coal seam and cbm analysis experiments ,showing Vitrinite Amount of 10# coal seam which formed in tidal flat higher than 2 #, 3 # coal seam which formed in peat swamp .10 # coal seam of making cbm capacity is higher than 2 #, 3 # coal seam.
通过对钻井岩心、测井曲线、粒度分析及镜下薄片鉴定等综合分析研究,运用层序地层学的基本原理和研究方法,根据沉积基准面变化规律,并结合华北盆地其它地区的研究成果,建立了白额勘探区晚古生代石炭二叠系含煤岩系层序地层格架,划分为三个超层序,九个三级层序。
沉积基准面升降引起可容纳空间的变化,不仅形成了明显的旋回地层,也使聚煤作用显示出明显的阶段性。在研究区石炭二叠系含煤岩系充填序列中,由于受构造、气候和物源供应的共同影响,石炭系本溪组、太原组潮坪沉积体系发育,区内7~#、10~#、12~#煤层主要为潮坪泥炭沼泽化而形成。浅水三角洲发育于二叠系山西组,在浅水三角洲中由于盆地坡度较缓,水体浅而较稳定,一般三角洲平原发育较好,规模也较大,在浅水三角洲平原分流间泥炭沼泽发育,形成本区厚度较大、分布稳定、具工业开采价值的2~#、3~#煤层。二叠系中晚期石盒子组和石千峰组为陆相河湖沉积,由于气候干燥,形成灰、灰白、紫红等杂色碎屑岩系。
本区晚古生代基准面升降旋回中均有煤层(或煤线)发育,但聚煤作用发育的程度及分布相差很大,具有工业意义的煤层主要形成于超层序Ⅰ的长周期基准面上升半旋回。在超层序Ⅰ的Sq2、Sq3和Sq4层序海侵体系域,形成全区普遍发育的可采煤层。
不同的沉积环境形成的煤层对煤质有重要的影响,由此影响到煤层的生气量,通过主采2~#、3~#和10~#煤层煤质分析和煤层气解析实验,表明研究区潮坪泥炭沼泽化下形成的10~#煤层要比浅水三角洲体系2~#、3~#煤中镜质组含量高,10~#煤层的生气能力高于2~#、3~#煤层。
The study area is located in south Hedong coalfield in north China accumulation coal depression, a weak local structural deformation, the basic structural form for the trend NE-NNE, tend to NW monocline structure, formation dip generally 3 ~ 8°. Stratigraphic development of the region is complete, sedimentation stability. Late Paleozoic Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing rocks is full of coal . It is China's major coal-bed zone.
By drilling cores, logging curve, particle size analysis and microscopic identification , using sequence stratigraphy of the basic principles and research methods, according to deposition of base-level variation, and combined with the research results of other parts of North China basin, we set up the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Late Paleozoic Permo-Carboniferous coal bearing formation.It is divided into three super-sequences, nine three sequences.
The changes of accommodation space is because of the lift and down of the deposition of base-level space .Not only form a clear cyclostratigraphy ,but also made coal accumulation in a significant stage. In the study area, Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing rocks filling sequence, due to the combined effect of construction, material source of supply and climate, the Carboniferous Benxi, Taiyuan tidal flat depositional system development. 7 #, 10 #, 12 # coal seam is mainly tidal flat peat swamp formed. Shallow-water delta is formed in the Permian Shanxi. It forms in the basin flat slope, water more shallow and stable,so generally well-developed delta plain and a larger scale. Distributary interchannel depression of the shallow-water delta form the peat swamp. In the peat swam form a larger thickness ,the distribution of stability, with the value of industrial exploitation 2 #, 3 # coal seam. Middle and Late Permian is the continental river and lake deposits, due to dry climate and forming gray, offwhite, purple and other variegated clastic rocks. The lifting of the Late Paleozoic base-level cycles can form coal seam (or coal line), but the extent of development of coal accumulation and distribution varied widely. with industrial significance of the main coal seam formed in the up half-cycle of ultra-long-period in the super sequenceⅠ.That is, the continuous deposition of base-level elevation and the persistence of accommodation space as a guarantee .The accommodation space of coal swamps of the accommodation space is increasing, and water table rise, stability sedimentation become stronger. Because the supply of weakening, combined with the climate, tidal flat become peat swamp, Sq2, Sq3 and Sq4 the transgresss systems tract of sequence to form the general development of the region's coal seam in the super-sequenceⅠ.
Because the coal seam form in different sedimentary environments , coal quality is different .thus affecting the amount of coal seam bed is made. through coal quality analysis of the 2 #,3 # and 10 # coal seam and cbm analysis experiments ,showing Vitrinite Amount of 10# coal seam which formed in tidal flat higher than 2 #, 3 # coal seam which formed in peat swamp .10 # coal seam of making cbm capacity is higher than 2 #, 3 # coal seam.
引文
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[2] Vail P R, Aude mard F, Bowman S A, et al. The stratigraphic signatures to tectonics, eustasy and sedimentation: an overview[C]. In: Einsele, ed. Cycles and events in stratigraphy. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag,1991:615～659.
[3]陆克政,朱筱敏,漆家福.含油气盆地分析[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001,5.
[4]刘焕杰,贾玉如,龙耀珍,等.华北石炭纪含煤建造的陆表海堡岛体系特点及其事件沉积[J].沉积学报, 1987,5(3):73～80.
[5]刘焕杰.潮坪成煤环境初论—三汇坝地区晚二叠世龙潭组含煤建造沉积环境模式[J].中国矿业学院学报, 1982 ,3(2): 61～71.
[6]邵龙义,鲁静,汪浩,张鹏飞.中国含煤岩系层序地层学研究进展[J].沉积学报,2009,4(5):23～26.
[7]张鹏飞,刘焕杰,卓越,等.试论局限台地碳酸盐岩型含煤建造—桂中马滩一带合山组的某些沉积特征[J].沉积学报, 1983,1(3): 16～28.
[8]张泓,李恒堂,熊存卫,等.中国西北侏罗纪含煤地层与聚煤规律[M].北京:地质出版社, 1998.
[9]邵龙义,肖正辉,何志平,等.晋东南沁水盆地石炭二叠纪煤岩系古地理及聚煤作用研究[J].古地理学报,2006, 8(1): 43～52.
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