面向维修的飞机总体布置设计技术研究
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摘要
为进一步提高飞机的维修性,最新设计的飞机普遍采用面向维修的设计思想。这给维修性分析、验证和评估的理论发展和技术创新带来了机会,也大大推进了数字化环境下维修性工程的发展。
由于飞机总体布置设计阶段对维修性,尤其是机载设备的维修性影响巨大,故开展面向维修的飞机总体布置设计,快速分析评估各个总体布置方案对机载设备维修性的影响,是提高飞机维修性的重要途径。其核心是机载设备拆卸问题,即设备的拆卸序列和拆卸路径。
本文综合应用拆卸序列规划技术和虚拟维修技术解决上述问题。以序列规划得到的拆卸序列指导虚拟维修,以虚拟维修得到的拆卸路径和干涉检查结果验证拆卸序列。在拆卸序列规划方面,根据机载设备安装具有m维可拆卸的特点,改进了基于Petri网的拆卸序列规划方法:
①采用基体最大化和将紧固件与关联设备合并为整体的方法简化和抽象拆卸结构。
②针对机载设备m维可拆卸的特征,扩展了拆卸优先约束关系的取值和表征,就其分析方法进行了讨论,并给出了工程化的简化分析流程。
③分别基于Petri网(库所/变迁系统)和着色网建立了拆卸Petri网模型,研究了拆卸序列和并发拆卸序列的求解方法。
在虚拟维修方面,现有的虚拟维修环境大多独立于CAD系统,产品信息的修改以及维修性分析评价结果无法自动反馈到CAD系统中,不仅影响设计效率,而且造成信息孤岛。本文采用“在CAD系统中增加虚拟现实功能”的技术路线,直接在CAD系统上搭建虚拟维修环境:
①建立了集成于CAD系统的虚拟维修环境,研究并实现了数据手套的集成、虚拟环境中的交互技术和立体显示。
②基于支持信息双向传递的VM-CADPIM模型,克服了传统虚拟维修系统和CAD系统间难以双向传递信息的瓶颈。
③以集成化、可扩展、易移植为目标建立了集成于CAD系统的虚拟维修系统体系结构,并基于CATIA及其二次开发环境CAA开发了集成于CATIA的虚拟维修原型系统IVMS,实现了虚拟场景浏览、虚拟拆卸仿真等功能。
To further improve maintainability of airplane, the newly-designed airplanes commonly use the concept of Design for Maintenance (DFM). It brings chances for the development of theories anf technologies in manatainability analysis, verification and evaluation, and pushs forwards greatly the development of manatainability engineering using digital technologies.
In view of the general arrangement enormous impacts the maintainability of airborne equipments, and therefore it is necessary to carry out the design for maintenance in the general arrangement design, and to rapid analyze and assess the general arrangement plan on the impact of the maintainability of airborne equipments. The core issue is the equipment disassembly, namely, equipment disassembly sequences and disassembly path.
The comprehensive application disassembly sequence planning technology and virtual maintenance technology are used to solve these problems. Uses sequence planning to guide the virtual maintenance with the disassembly sequence, and uses virtual maintenance to test and verify the disassembly sequence with disassembly path and interference check.
In the disassembly sequence planning, according to the form of airborne equipment installed with the characteristics of m-dimensional removable improves Petri net-based disassembly sequence planning method:
①Simplify and abstract the disassembly structure with the approach to maximize the base part and combine the fasteners and its associated equipment into the overall.
②Aiming at the characteristics of m-dimensional removable of airborne equipment, extends the values and description of disassembly precedence constraints relationship, the analysis method is discussed, and gives a engineering simplified analysis processes.
③Based on P/T system and the Colored Patri Net, Disassembly Petri Net (DPN) are established, and the disassembly sequence and concurrent disassembly sequence solution method are discussed.
In the virtual maintenance, most of current virtual maintenance environment is independent of CAD system so that modification of product information and result of maintainability analysis and evaluation can not be fed back to CAD system automatically and directly, which not only impairs design efficiency but also causes information isolated island. In this paper, the technical line that "increase VR function into CAD system" is used to directly build a virtual maintenance environment in the CAD system:
①Establishs a virtual maintenance environment integrated into CAD system, research and realized data gloves integration, virtual environment interaction and 3D display.
②Presents a bi-directional information transmission model VM-CADPIM, to solve the problem that it is difficult to transmit information bi-directionally between the traditional virtual maintenance system and the CAD system.
③With the goal of integratability, expansibility and portability to establish the virtual maintenance system architecture into CAD system and the prototype system IVMS based on CATIA and its second development environment CAA. The prototype system realizes the functions such as virtual scene browsing and virtual disassembly.
由于飞机总体布置设计阶段对维修性,尤其是机载设备的维修性影响巨大,故开展面向维修的飞机总体布置设计,快速分析评估各个总体布置方案对机载设备维修性的影响,是提高飞机维修性的重要途径。其核心是机载设备拆卸问题,即设备的拆卸序列和拆卸路径。
本文综合应用拆卸序列规划技术和虚拟维修技术解决上述问题。以序列规划得到的拆卸序列指导虚拟维修,以虚拟维修得到的拆卸路径和干涉检查结果验证拆卸序列。在拆卸序列规划方面,根据机载设备安装具有m维可拆卸的特点,改进了基于Petri网的拆卸序列规划方法:
①采用基体最大化和将紧固件与关联设备合并为整体的方法简化和抽象拆卸结构。
②针对机载设备m维可拆卸的特征,扩展了拆卸优先约束关系的取值和表征,就其分析方法进行了讨论,并给出了工程化的简化分析流程。
③分别基于Petri网(库所/变迁系统)和着色网建立了拆卸Petri网模型,研究了拆卸序列和并发拆卸序列的求解方法。
在虚拟维修方面,现有的虚拟维修环境大多独立于CAD系统,产品信息的修改以及维修性分析评价结果无法自动反馈到CAD系统中,不仅影响设计效率,而且造成信息孤岛。本文采用“在CAD系统中增加虚拟现实功能”的技术路线,直接在CAD系统上搭建虚拟维修环境:
①建立了集成于CAD系统的虚拟维修环境,研究并实现了数据手套的集成、虚拟环境中的交互技术和立体显示。
②基于支持信息双向传递的VM-CADPIM模型,克服了传统虚拟维修系统和CAD系统间难以双向传递信息的瓶颈。
③以集成化、可扩展、易移植为目标建立了集成于CAD系统的虚拟维修系统体系结构,并基于CATIA及其二次开发环境CAA开发了集成于CATIA的虚拟维修原型系统IVMS,实现了虚拟场景浏览、虚拟拆卸仿真等功能。
To further improve maintainability of airplane, the newly-designed airplanes commonly use the concept of Design for Maintenance (DFM). It brings chances for the development of theories anf technologies in manatainability analysis, verification and evaluation, and pushs forwards greatly the development of manatainability engineering using digital technologies.
In view of the general arrangement enormous impacts the maintainability of airborne equipments, and therefore it is necessary to carry out the design for maintenance in the general arrangement design, and to rapid analyze and assess the general arrangement plan on the impact of the maintainability of airborne equipments. The core issue is the equipment disassembly, namely, equipment disassembly sequences and disassembly path.
The comprehensive application disassembly sequence planning technology and virtual maintenance technology are used to solve these problems. Uses sequence planning to guide the virtual maintenance with the disassembly sequence, and uses virtual maintenance to test and verify the disassembly sequence with disassembly path and interference check.
In the disassembly sequence planning, according to the form of airborne equipment installed with the characteristics of m-dimensional removable improves Petri net-based disassembly sequence planning method:
①Simplify and abstract the disassembly structure with the approach to maximize the base part and combine the fasteners and its associated equipment into the overall.
②Aiming at the characteristics of m-dimensional removable of airborne equipment, extends the values and description of disassembly precedence constraints relationship, the analysis method is discussed, and gives a engineering simplified analysis processes.
③Based on P/T system and the Colored Patri Net, Disassembly Petri Net (DPN) are established, and the disassembly sequence and concurrent disassembly sequence solution method are discussed.
In the virtual maintenance, most of current virtual maintenance environment is independent of CAD system so that modification of product information and result of maintainability analysis and evaluation can not be fed back to CAD system automatically and directly, which not only impairs design efficiency but also causes information isolated island. In this paper, the technical line that "increase VR function into CAD system" is used to directly build a virtual maintenance environment in the CAD system:
①Establishs a virtual maintenance environment integrated into CAD system, research and realized data gloves integration, virtual environment interaction and 3D display.
②Presents a bi-directional information transmission model VM-CADPIM, to solve the problem that it is difficult to transmit information bi-directionally between the traditional virtual maintenance system and the CAD system.
③With the goal of integratability, expansibility and portability to establish the virtual maintenance system architecture into CAD system and the prototype system IVMS based on CATIA and its second development environment CAA. The prototype system realizes the functions such as virtual scene browsing and virtual disassembly.
引文
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