夹层赋存特征对层状盐岩力学特性及储库长期稳定性影响研究
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摘要
我国的盐岩矿藏具有夹层数目多、夹层厚度薄和软弱夹层多的特点,所以不同夹层赋存特征下层状盐岩力学特性的研究是我国盐岩基础性研究的重点方向。针对含不同夹层特征盐岩试样数量稀少且不易获取的现状,本文通过模型试验的方法,首先压制具有不同夹层特征的层状盐岩型盐,然后对层状盐岩型盐进行常规力学试验及长期蠕变试验,得到了不同夹层赋存特征下层状盐岩型盐的力学特性变化规律。根据层状盐岩型盐的短期及长期力学特性,结合数值模拟对我国某含密集细小夹层盐岩储气库进行了长期稳定性分析。主要研究内容及结论如下:
     1.选用与盐岩晶体力学性质更为接近的盐岩粉末或者颗粒做为层状盐岩相似材料的骨料,通过单因素轮换法和正交试验法相结合的方法,获得了纯盐岩、硬质夹层、软弱夹层及层状盐岩的相似材料及相似模型制作方法。并分析了各个因素对模型力学性质的影响规律。
     2.通过模型试验的方法,分别得到了不同夹层厚度比、不同夹层层数、不同夹层间距厚度比情况下硬质夹层盐岩和软弱夹层盐岩的变形特征及强度特性变化规律。
     3.对含有不同夹层特征的硬质夹层型盐进行了多级加载方式下的长期蠕变试验。分析了在不同偏压力条件下,改变夹层厚度比、夹层层数和夹层间距厚度比对层状盐岩型盐稳态蠕变率的影响规律。
     4.采用FLAC~(3D)对含不同夹层赋存特征的盐岩储库进行了不同年限下长期流变数值模拟,分析了夹层赋存特征对储库腔周塑性损伤区及腔体体积收缩率的影响规律。
     5.在对含密集细小夹层盐岩储库进行长期稳定性分析时,把含密集细小夹层的盐岩段视为复合岩层,通过复合岩层来达到简化模型的效果。然后将模型试验获得的层状盐岩型盐短期及长期力学参数应用于复合岩层,从而获得更切合实际的模拟结果。
Domestic salt rock resources have many interlayers, which are often very weak andhave thin thicknes. Therefor, study on the effect of interlayer occurrence characters onthe mechanical properties of molded layered salt rock is quite an important part of thedomestic salt rock basic research. In allusion to the situation that samples which havedifferent interlay characters are not rich and difficult to obtain, this paper provides anew research method. First, the molded salt rock samples which have different interlaycharacters were made by the means of model experiment. After that, the samples weretaken to carry on the conventional mechanical test and long-time creep test in order toobtain the law of the molded salt rock’s mechanical characters. At last, with the resultsof numerical simulation, the long-time stability of a domestic salt-cavern gas storagewith dense interlays was analyzed. The main research contents and conclusions are asfollows:
     1. Salt rock powder or particle whose mechanical property was much more similarto salt rock crystal was taken to be the main raw material of the similar material.Modeling methods of pure salt rock, hardness interlayer, weak interlayer and layeredsalt rock was obtained through mono-factor and orthogonal experiments, and then, theinfluences of the various factors on the mechanical properties of the models wasanalyzed.
     2. Deformation behaviour and strength characteristics change rules of hardness andweak interlayed salt rock samples under different conditions such as different interlayerthickness ratio, interface numbers and interlay distance ratio were obtained throughmodeling tests.
     3. Long-time creep experiments using multistage loading were carried on toanalyze the rules of steady state creep ratio of layered salt rock with different interlayerthickness ratio, interface numbers or interlayer distance ratio on the condition ofdifferent confining pressure and different parial pressure.
     4. The numberical simulation of long-term rheological properties of salt cavernwith different interlayer occurrence characters during different ages was carried on byusing of the FLAC3D. According to the above, the effects of interlayer occurrencecharacters on pastic damage zone of salt rock cavern cavity and volume contractionratio of cavity were analyzed.
     5. Considering the salt rock with dense thin interlays as composite rock, short-termand long-term mechanical parameters of the molded layered salt rock was obtainedthrough model tests, in order to simplify the analytical mode of the numerical modeling,so that the simulation results might be more accurate.
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