台湾自然灾害风险管理与保险机制之研究
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摘要
臺灣的地理位置特殊,颱風、洪水與地震等自然災害發生頻繁,自1999年9.21集集大地震以來就發生過4次大的自然災害,其中3次為颱風,死傷人數共計14609人,經濟損失至少5010億元新臺幣,財產保險賠償約418.81億元。以往災害損失大都由政府財政支援救助,財政負擔沉重。近年來發達國家結合傳統保險市場與資本市場成功地分散巨災風險;臺灣也已於2002年開始試行住宅地震保險共保組織,發行地震債券;但所面臨的問題多,於是選此課題進行研究,意義重大。
本文研究的思路是:首先闡明研究背景、動機、目的與內容範圍;再進行相關文獻資料的檢索和綜合述評,同時整合自然災害風險管理和保險機制的理論基礎;在理論基礎指導下,再論述臺灣與全世界自然災害風險管理和風險理財的組織、制度和方法實務;比較分析世界主要國家自然災害風險管理與保險的運作經驗;在此基礎上,繼而探討臺灣自然災害風險管理與保險機制的未來規劃;最後,做出本研究的結論、創新點與展望。因此,相應地全文共分為七章:緒論;相關文獻述評與理論基礎;自然災害風險管理實務及其發展趨勢:世界各國自然災害保險的運作與比較;臺灣自然災害風險管理現狀分析:臺灣自然災害保險機制的研究與設計;結論、創新點與展望。
本研究在以下三個方面有所創新:第一,自然災害風險管理和風險理財,要從以往的一元視角改變為多元化視角去研究,尤其要注重風險溝通;臺灣應建立整合性自然災害風險管理機構和統一的救災體系,以免分割、分散管理的低效能。第二,分析指出了巨災債券的類型及亘災債券和選擇權的優缺點以及當前臺灣自然災害風險證券化存在的問題,認為當前臺灣較適於應用巨災債券。第三,分析指出了臺灣當前自然災害保險所面臨的六大問题,分析了現有住宅地震保險共保及風險承擔機制,建議加快研究和運用第三層次—國際資本市場以實現有效的風險承擔機制。
The geography position of Taiwan is special, typhoon, flood and earthquake etc. natural disasters occurrence multifarious, since 1999 9.21 heavy earthquake in Ji-jis have already taken place 4 big natural disasters. three among those times are typhoons, the death and harm number adds up to 14609 people, economy loss at least 501, 000, 000, 000 dollars NT$, property insurance indemnification about 41,881,000,000 dollars. Before the loss of disaster is mostly helped by the government public finance support, the public finance bears heavy. The developed country combines traditional insurance market and capital market to scatter huge disaster risk successfully in recent years; Taiwan has already started trying to go residence earthquake coinsurance organization in 2002 as well, publishing catastrophe bond; But faced many problems, hence the meaning of choosing this topic to research is very important.
The way of this paper research will be: firstly clarify the research background, motive, purpose and contents scope; then carry on searching related literature and comprehensive commentary , integrate the theories foundation that the natural disaster risk management and insurance mechanism in the meantime; under the theories foundation instruction, discourse upon Taiwan and the whole world' s natural disaster risk management , dissertate the organization, system and method actual situation of venture financing; comparatively analyse mostly states' operation experience of natural disaster risk management and insurance; under this foundation, subsequently probe into the layout of Taiwan' s natural disaster risk management and insurance mechanism; at last make with the conclusion, innovations and prospect. Thus, this paper includes 7 chapters as follows:introduction, relative literatures review and theories foundation, natural disaster risk management practice and its development tendency, natural disaster insurance operation and comprehension of several states in world, situation analyse of natural disaster risk management in Taiwan, research and planning of natural disaster insurance mechanism in Taiwan, and conlusion.
This research has innovation at the following three aspect: The first, the natural disaster risk management and venture financing should change the former single angle of view from diversified angle of view to study, especially pay attention to risk communication; Taiwan should build up integrating natural disaster risk management organization and unitive disaster response system, preventing the low effect for partition, dispersion management. The second, the analysis points out types of huge disaster bond, analyses the merit and shortcoming of the huge disaster bond and option, brings forward current Taiwan' s problems of natural disaster risk securitingation, thinks that current Taiwan is suitable for appling huge disaster bond more. The third, the analysis points out the six greatest problems faced by current natural disaster insurance in Taiwan, analyzing existing residence earthquake coinsurance to protect totally and the mechanism of share risk, suggesting speed research and usage the third layer—international capital market to carry out the valid mechanism of share risk.
本文研究的思路是:首先闡明研究背景、動機、目的與內容範圍;再進行相關文獻資料的檢索和綜合述評,同時整合自然災害風險管理和保險機制的理論基礎;在理論基礎指導下,再論述臺灣與全世界自然災害風險管理和風險理財的組織、制度和方法實務;比較分析世界主要國家自然災害風險管理與保險的運作經驗;在此基礎上,繼而探討臺灣自然災害風險管理與保險機制的未來規劃;最後,做出本研究的結論、創新點與展望。因此,相應地全文共分為七章:緒論;相關文獻述評與理論基礎;自然災害風險管理實務及其發展趨勢:世界各國自然災害保險的運作與比較;臺灣自然災害風險管理現狀分析:臺灣自然災害保險機制的研究與設計;結論、創新點與展望。
本研究在以下三個方面有所創新:第一,自然災害風險管理和風險理財,要從以往的一元視角改變為多元化視角去研究,尤其要注重風險溝通;臺灣應建立整合性自然災害風險管理機構和統一的救災體系,以免分割、分散管理的低效能。第二,分析指出了巨災債券的類型及亘災債券和選擇權的優缺點以及當前臺灣自然災害風險證券化存在的問題,認為當前臺灣較適於應用巨災債券。第三,分析指出了臺灣當前自然災害保險所面臨的六大問题,分析了現有住宅地震保險共保及風險承擔機制,建議加快研究和運用第三層次—國際資本市場以實現有效的風險承擔機制。
The geography position of Taiwan is special, typhoon, flood and earthquake etc. natural disasters occurrence multifarious, since 1999 9.21 heavy earthquake in Ji-jis have already taken place 4 big natural disasters. three among those times are typhoons, the death and harm number adds up to 14609 people, economy loss at least 501, 000, 000, 000 dollars NT$, property insurance indemnification about 41,881,000,000 dollars. Before the loss of disaster is mostly helped by the government public finance support, the public finance bears heavy. The developed country combines traditional insurance market and capital market to scatter huge disaster risk successfully in recent years; Taiwan has already started trying to go residence earthquake coinsurance organization in 2002 as well, publishing catastrophe bond; But faced many problems, hence the meaning of choosing this topic to research is very important.
The way of this paper research will be: firstly clarify the research background, motive, purpose and contents scope; then carry on searching related literature and comprehensive commentary , integrate the theories foundation that the natural disaster risk management and insurance mechanism in the meantime; under the theories foundation instruction, discourse upon Taiwan and the whole world' s natural disaster risk management , dissertate the organization, system and method actual situation of venture financing; comparatively analyse mostly states' operation experience of natural disaster risk management and insurance; under this foundation, subsequently probe into the layout of Taiwan' s natural disaster risk management and insurance mechanism; at last make with the conclusion, innovations and prospect. Thus, this paper includes 7 chapters as follows:introduction, relative literatures review and theories foundation, natural disaster risk management practice and its development tendency, natural disaster insurance operation and comprehension of several states in world, situation analyse of natural disaster risk management in Taiwan, research and planning of natural disaster insurance mechanism in Taiwan, and conlusion.
This research has innovation at the following three aspect: The first, the natural disaster risk management and venture financing should change the former single angle of view from diversified angle of view to study, especially pay attention to risk communication; Taiwan should build up integrating natural disaster risk management organization and unitive disaster response system, preventing the low effect for partition, dispersion management. The second, the analysis points out types of huge disaster bond, analyses the merit and shortcoming of the huge disaster bond and option, brings forward current Taiwan' s problems of natural disaster risk securitingation, thinks that current Taiwan is suitable for appling huge disaster bond more. The third, the analysis points out the six greatest problems faced by current natural disaster insurance in Taiwan, analyzing existing residence earthquake coinsurance to protect totally and the mechanism of share risk, suggesting speed research and usage the third layer—international capital market to carry out the valid mechanism of share risk.
引文
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