并行组合扩频超宽带通信系统的关键技术研究
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摘要
针对高速无线应用需求，依托国家自然科学基金项目，结合超宽带技术和并行组合扩频技术各自优势，建立并行组合扩频超宽带通信系统。为改善该系统在低功率谱密度下的工作性能和增加系统通信的安全性，对并行组合扩频超宽带系统的调制方式、数据序列映射算法、并行组合扩频模式及扩频序列选取以及跳时多址接入方式等方面进行了如下研究：
(1)并行组合扩频超宽带系统的调制方式研究
建立并行组合扩频超宽带系统模型，以MPPM调制和MPAM调制为基础，通过理论分析和仿真实验并行组合扩频数据调制信号的非等概率特性对两种调制方式解调性能以及最终系统性能的影响。在此基础上，提出一种采用联合接收机的MPAM调制系统。它采用超宽带脉冲相关和并行组合扩频序列相关联合判决的方式，优化系统结构，且可以提升系统的误比特性能，同时也提高了系统工作的实时性。并将这种改进的MPAM调制系统与MPPM调制系统及MPAM调制系统进行比较。
(2)数据序列映射及逆映射算法研究
将基于r_组合的数据序列映射算法引入该系统中，并通过引入一个正整数常量对其进行改进。改进后的算法，也即基于r_组合的数据序列可控映射算法，不仅解决了全零数据无法映射序列的问题，还使得该算法可适用于并行组合扩频超宽带系统中不同的并行组合扩频模式。以此为基础，为进一步提高算法的数据映射效率，提出三种新的数据序列映射算法：基于参考序列的r_组合映射算法、基于序列加权的r_组合映射算法以及基于序列位置加权的r_组合映射算法。这三种新的算法，可以提高算法的数据映射效率，从而提高系统的信息传输能力；其中以基于序列位置加权的r_组合映射算法的数据映射效率最高。同时新算法的安全性大大增加，从而也增加了系统通信的安全性。
(3)并行组合扩频模式及扩频序列选取研究
首先，分析并行组合扩频调制参数在并行组合扩频系统和并行组合扩频超宽带系统中的特性，对比可以发现并行组合扩频调制参数的特性在这两个系统中发生了变化。将并行组合扩频技术引入到超宽带系统中后，这些调制参数与系统中扩频序列相关器实际接收能量的关系发生了变化；正是由于这种变化使得并行组合扩频调制参数对两种系统的系统性能产生了不同的影响，并以此进行并行组合扩频模式选取。
接下来，分析扩频序列在完成并行组合扩频数据调制后相关特性产生的变化。引入代数和相关特性的概念，提出用代数和相关特性来评价在并行组合扩频技术下序列的相关特性的方法。以Gold序列、Walsh序列、复合序列以及混沌序列等为例，对它们进行代数和相关特性，结合仿真实验来分析这种序列相关特性评价方法的可行性和有效性。
(4)并行组合扩频超宽带系统的跳时多址接入方式研究
采用跳时多址接入方式对并行组合扩频超宽带系统的多址性能进行了分析。对MPPM调制系统和MPAM调制系统的跳时多址接入方式进行分析和仿真，指出不论是哪种调制方式，其多址接入性能都远优于典型的超宽带系统，系统可容纳的用户数量有了较大的提升。在此基础上，针对采用联合接收机的MPAM调制系统，推导出其跳时多址接入方式下的平均误比特率公式，从中可分析出影响并行组合扩频超宽带系统多用户性能的五个主要因素。指出该误比特率公式不仅适用于跳时多址接入方式，同时也适用于直接序列扩频多址接入方式。进一步地，对三种不同调制方式下的并行组合扩频超宽带系统的多址性能进行了对比。
Toward the need of high-speed radio service, relying on the National Natrual ScienceFoundation project, combined with the virtue of parallel combinatory spread spectrum (PCSS)communication system and UWB communication system, the UWB communication systembased on parallel combinatory spread spectrum (PCSS-UWB) is established. To promote theworking performance and the communication security, some remarkable works onmodulation and demodulation, data-sequence mapping and demapping, time-hoppingmultiple access and other aspects have been done. The main contributions are concluded asfollows:
Firstly, PCSS-UWB communication system is established. On the basis of multi-pulseposition modulation (MPPM) and multi-pulse amplitude modulation (MPAM), the theoreticalanalysis and simulation results show that the non-uniform distribution of the PCSSmodulation signal has different impacts on demodulation performance and system bit errorate (BER) performance. Furthermore, the MPAM system with joint receiver is proposed.This system combines pulse correlator and pseudo-noise sequence correlator with onedecision device, simplifies the system structure. The formula of this system’ BERperformance is given; and the simulation results show its validity and this improved MPAMsystem has better working performance.
Secondly, an improved r-combinatory method, called controllable r-combinatorydata-sequence mapping algorigthm is proposed and appled to the PCSS-UWBcommunication system. On this basis, to improve the mapping efficiency, three newdata-sequence mapping algorithms are proposed: r-combinatory with reference sequence,r-combinatory with weighted sequence, r-combinatory with weighted sequence position. Allthree of them can not only improve the mapping efficiency and the rate of informationtransmission of the system; but also can greatly promote the communication security of thePCSS-UWB system.
Thirdly, analyze two parallel combinatory spread spectrum parameters. Show how theyinfluence the PCSS system and the PCSS-UWB system differently, and point out that thereason why they have different charateristics in the two likely systems is that they havedifferent impart on the received energy of the correlators of pseudo-noise sequences. According to it, the selection rule of the two parameters is given. Then, new properties ofpseudo-noise sequence have been detected in the PCSS-UWB system. To analysis these newproperties, define it as added correlation property. Take Gold sequences, Walsh sequences,m_W sequences and chaotic spread spectrum sequence etc into consideration, analyze theiradded correlation property. And then apply these sequences into PCSS-UWB system; thesimulation results indicate that sequences’ added correlation property can representsequences’ performance well in PCSS-UWB system.
Finally, PCSS-UWB system using time-hopping multiple access is proposed to study itsmulti-address performance. The theoretical and simulating results show that the MPAMPCSS-UWB system perfoms much better than the MPPM PCSS-UWB system, which is farsuperior to the conventional UWB system. And then, the BER performance formula of theimproved MPAM PCSS-UWB system with joint ceveiver is derived under the situation ofexstance of multi-users. The formula is not only limited to time-hopping multiple access, butalso is able to be adopted by direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access; also it explainsthe five main factors which are playing an important role of influencing the system’smulti-address performance. Compared with MPPM and MPAM systems, the improvedMPAM system with joint receiver also has a better working performance in multi-userinterference environment.
(1)并行组合扩频超宽带系统的调制方式研究
建立并行组合扩频超宽带系统模型，以MPPM调制和MPAM调制为基础，通过理论分析和仿真实验并行组合扩频数据调制信号的非等概率特性对两种调制方式解调性能以及最终系统性能的影响。在此基础上，提出一种采用联合接收机的MPAM调制系统。它采用超宽带脉冲相关和并行组合扩频序列相关联合判决的方式，优化系统结构，且可以提升系统的误比特性能，同时也提高了系统工作的实时性。并将这种改进的MPAM调制系统与MPPM调制系统及MPAM调制系统进行比较。
(2)数据序列映射及逆映射算法研究
将基于r_组合的数据序列映射算法引入该系统中，并通过引入一个正整数常量对其进行改进。改进后的算法，也即基于r_组合的数据序列可控映射算法，不仅解决了全零数据无法映射序列的问题，还使得该算法可适用于并行组合扩频超宽带系统中不同的并行组合扩频模式。以此为基础，为进一步提高算法的数据映射效率，提出三种新的数据序列映射算法：基于参考序列的r_组合映射算法、基于序列加权的r_组合映射算法以及基于序列位置加权的r_组合映射算法。这三种新的算法，可以提高算法的数据映射效率，从而提高系统的信息传输能力；其中以基于序列位置加权的r_组合映射算法的数据映射效率最高。同时新算法的安全性大大增加，从而也增加了系统通信的安全性。
(3)并行组合扩频模式及扩频序列选取研究
首先，分析并行组合扩频调制参数在并行组合扩频系统和并行组合扩频超宽带系统中的特性，对比可以发现并行组合扩频调制参数的特性在这两个系统中发生了变化。将并行组合扩频技术引入到超宽带系统中后，这些调制参数与系统中扩频序列相关器实际接收能量的关系发生了变化；正是由于这种变化使得并行组合扩频调制参数对两种系统的系统性能产生了不同的影响，并以此进行并行组合扩频模式选取。
接下来，分析扩频序列在完成并行组合扩频数据调制后相关特性产生的变化。引入代数和相关特性的概念，提出用代数和相关特性来评价在并行组合扩频技术下序列的相关特性的方法。以Gold序列、Walsh序列、复合序列以及混沌序列等为例，对它们进行代数和相关特性，结合仿真实验来分析这种序列相关特性评价方法的可行性和有效性。
(4)并行组合扩频超宽带系统的跳时多址接入方式研究
采用跳时多址接入方式对并行组合扩频超宽带系统的多址性能进行了分析。对MPPM调制系统和MPAM调制系统的跳时多址接入方式进行分析和仿真，指出不论是哪种调制方式，其多址接入性能都远优于典型的超宽带系统，系统可容纳的用户数量有了较大的提升。在此基础上，针对采用联合接收机的MPAM调制系统，推导出其跳时多址接入方式下的平均误比特率公式，从中可分析出影响并行组合扩频超宽带系统多用户性能的五个主要因素。指出该误比特率公式不仅适用于跳时多址接入方式，同时也适用于直接序列扩频多址接入方式。进一步地，对三种不同调制方式下的并行组合扩频超宽带系统的多址性能进行了对比。
Toward the need of high-speed radio service, relying on the National Natrual ScienceFoundation project, combined with the virtue of parallel combinatory spread spectrum (PCSS)communication system and UWB communication system, the UWB communication systembased on parallel combinatory spread spectrum (PCSS-UWB) is established. To promote theworking performance and the communication security, some remarkable works onmodulation and demodulation, data-sequence mapping and demapping, time-hoppingmultiple access and other aspects have been done. The main contributions are concluded asfollows:
Firstly, PCSS-UWB communication system is established. On the basis of multi-pulseposition modulation (MPPM) and multi-pulse amplitude modulation (MPAM), the theoreticalanalysis and simulation results show that the non-uniform distribution of the PCSSmodulation signal has different impacts on demodulation performance and system bit errorate (BER) performance. Furthermore, the MPAM system with joint receiver is proposed.This system combines pulse correlator and pseudo-noise sequence correlator with onedecision device, simplifies the system structure. The formula of this system’ BERperformance is given; and the simulation results show its validity and this improved MPAMsystem has better working performance.
Secondly, an improved r-combinatory method, called controllable r-combinatorydata-sequence mapping algorigthm is proposed and appled to the PCSS-UWBcommunication system. On this basis, to improve the mapping efficiency, three newdata-sequence mapping algorithms are proposed: r-combinatory with reference sequence,r-combinatory with weighted sequence, r-combinatory with weighted sequence position. Allthree of them can not only improve the mapping efficiency and the rate of informationtransmission of the system; but also can greatly promote the communication security of thePCSS-UWB system.
Thirdly, analyze two parallel combinatory spread spectrum parameters. Show how theyinfluence the PCSS system and the PCSS-UWB system differently, and point out that thereason why they have different charateristics in the two likely systems is that they havedifferent impart on the received energy of the correlators of pseudo-noise sequences. According to it, the selection rule of the two parameters is given. Then, new properties ofpseudo-noise sequence have been detected in the PCSS-UWB system. To analysis these newproperties, define it as added correlation property. Take Gold sequences, Walsh sequences,m_W sequences and chaotic spread spectrum sequence etc into consideration, analyze theiradded correlation property. And then apply these sequences into PCSS-UWB system; thesimulation results indicate that sequences’ added correlation property can representsequences’ performance well in PCSS-UWB system.
Finally, PCSS-UWB system using time-hopping multiple access is proposed to study itsmulti-address performance. The theoretical and simulating results show that the MPAMPCSS-UWB system perfoms much better than the MPPM PCSS-UWB system, which is farsuperior to the conventional UWB system. And then, the BER performance formula of theimproved MPAM PCSS-UWB system with joint ceveiver is derived under the situation ofexstance of multi-users. The formula is not only limited to time-hopping multiple access, butalso is able to be adopted by direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access; also it explainsthe five main factors which are playing an important role of influencing the system’smulti-address performance. Compared with MPPM and MPAM systems, the improvedMPAM system with joint receiver also has a better working performance in multi-userinterference environment.
引文
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