统计过程控制（SPC）技术在质量管理中的应用研究及实现
摘要
随着计算机技术的迅速发展,以客户为中心的、具有快速响应市场机制的计算机辅助质量管理模式已经成为现代企业质量管理的发展趋势。面对顾客需求驱动的全球市场,企业要想取得成功,以顾客满意的产品占领市场,就必须以现代质量管理理念为基础,建立适应企业持续发展的质量管理模式。本文通过对现代质量管理进行研究,将统计过程控制技术应用到质量管理中,构建了质量管理系统,并开发了原型系统。系统提供强大多样的统计分析工具,针对收集到的数据选择一定的工具进行处理,以便更清晰、直观地分析数据,找出数据变化的趋势,确定关键的过程业绩和决定因素,采用控制图进行工序分析,并进行综合分析和各种层次的对比分析等。根据统计质量数据和确定的关键因素,寻找加工过程中的薄弱环节,通过有效地管理与分析加工过程中的质量信息,为改进制造质量提供帮助。
本文的主要工作如下:
1.论述本文的目的和意义,阐述了质量管理研究的重要性,介绍了国内外质量管理理论和实践的相关研究,为本文提供了理论基础。
2.以现代质量管理基本原理为指导,总结出了现代质量管理的质量管理思想:以客户为中心,以市场为驱动源,以人为本,以质量管理体系为保证,以科技为依托,以持续改进为途径,以现场管理为重点。
3.研究了统计过程控制技术的基本原理和思想,重点介绍了控制图技术,包括控制图的设计原理、控制图的类别、在受控状态和失控状态下的控制图判别准则以及在质量管理中如何使用控制图等。
4.对质量管理信息系统的两种结构形式:简单集中型和集中领导下的分层管理型进行分析比较,根据企业的具体要求选用集中领导下的分层管理型结构形式。根据佛山企业的特点,强调各加工工序过程控制的重要性,充分发挥SPC技术的监控和预防作用,并从产品的全生命周期角度进行考虑,对质量管理系统进行总体设计,提出了适合佛山光电企业的质量管理的功能结构设计图。对其中的关键技术进行了研究,确定受控质量特性的选择原则和工序能力改进的三种途径。
5.对原有历史数据进行整理,给出异常数据的四种处理方式。并通过C++Builder语言和SQL Server数据库实现质量管理系统的部分功能,以产品VH025AP为例,运用SPC绘制它的不合格品率P图、缺陷趋势分析图,并进行工序能力分析。
6.论文最后总结了全文的工作,并对本课题未来的研究进行了展望。
With the rapid development of computer technology, a new CA quality management model is a tendency for modern enterprises;the model is to take the customer as the center and can respond market fast. So only to accept and found the new model, enterprises would satisfy customers and success. This article according as modern quality management theory, applies statistical process control technology to modern quality management system, sets up an original system. The system provides the diverse statistical analysis tool, in view of the collected data selects different tools to deal with, in order to help people analyze data clear and direct-viewing and find the tendency of data change, and then people can define the key process and the determining factors. With the control charts, we can do more generalized analysis and contrast analysis and so on.The major work is as follow:1. At first the purpose and meaning of this project are discussed, the importance of quality management research is presented. The trend of the domestic and overseas research of theory and application about quality management are analyzed.2. Based on the modern quality management theory, discussed the quality management idea about modern quality management: taking customers in center, driven by market, putting people as essence, taking the quality control system as the guarantee, taking the science and technology as the backing, taking the sustaining improvement as the way and taking the scene management as the key point.3. With the principle and thought of statistical process control, introduced the control charts technology including its design principle、 sorts、 distinguish rules in different conditions and how to use control charts in quality management system.4. Compared with the two structural forms: the simple concentration-based form and the layered management form under centralized leadership. Based on the FOSHAN enterprise, emphasized the significance of procedure control in production, to exert function of SPC technology, and considering from PL carried on the system design to the quality control system, studied the design principle, produced the concrete system function structure drawing, and conducted the research to key technology, determined the quality character selection principle and the three methods of CP improve.5. To deal with the original historical data, supplied four way to eliminate the eliminate data. Stetted up partial function of the quality management system by C++
Builder language and SQL Server database. And took product VH025AP as the example, analyzed its disqualification rate P chart > the flaw trend analysis, carried on CP analysis.6. Finally, the conclusion and the developing trend on QM are put forward.
本文的主要工作如下:
1.论述本文的目的和意义,阐述了质量管理研究的重要性,介绍了国内外质量管理理论和实践的相关研究,为本文提供了理论基础。
2.以现代质量管理基本原理为指导,总结出了现代质量管理的质量管理思想:以客户为中心,以市场为驱动源,以人为本,以质量管理体系为保证,以科技为依托,以持续改进为途径,以现场管理为重点。
3.研究了统计过程控制技术的基本原理和思想,重点介绍了控制图技术,包括控制图的设计原理、控制图的类别、在受控状态和失控状态下的控制图判别准则以及在质量管理中如何使用控制图等。
4.对质量管理信息系统的两种结构形式:简单集中型和集中领导下的分层管理型进行分析比较,根据企业的具体要求选用集中领导下的分层管理型结构形式。根据佛山企业的特点,强调各加工工序过程控制的重要性,充分发挥SPC技术的监控和预防作用,并从产品的全生命周期角度进行考虑,对质量管理系统进行总体设计,提出了适合佛山光电企业的质量管理的功能结构设计图。对其中的关键技术进行了研究,确定受控质量特性的选择原则和工序能力改进的三种途径。
5.对原有历史数据进行整理,给出异常数据的四种处理方式。并通过C++Builder语言和SQL Server数据库实现质量管理系统的部分功能,以产品VH025AP为例,运用SPC绘制它的不合格品率P图、缺陷趋势分析图,并进行工序能力分析。
6.论文最后总结了全文的工作,并对本课题未来的研究进行了展望。
With the rapid development of computer technology, a new CA quality management model is a tendency for modern enterprises;the model is to take the customer as the center and can respond market fast. So only to accept and found the new model, enterprises would satisfy customers and success. This article according as modern quality management theory, applies statistical process control technology to modern quality management system, sets up an original system. The system provides the diverse statistical analysis tool, in view of the collected data selects different tools to deal with, in order to help people analyze data clear and direct-viewing and find the tendency of data change, and then people can define the key process and the determining factors. With the control charts, we can do more generalized analysis and contrast analysis and so on.The major work is as follow:1. At first the purpose and meaning of this project are discussed, the importance of quality management research is presented. The trend of the domestic and overseas research of theory and application about quality management are analyzed.2. Based on the modern quality management theory, discussed the quality management idea about modern quality management: taking customers in center, driven by market, putting people as essence, taking the quality control system as the guarantee, taking the science and technology as the backing, taking the sustaining improvement as the way and taking the scene management as the key point.3. With the principle and thought of statistical process control, introduced the control charts technology including its design principle、 sorts、 distinguish rules in different conditions and how to use control charts in quality management system.4. Compared with the two structural forms: the simple concentration-based form and the layered management form under centralized leadership. Based on the FOSHAN enterprise, emphasized the significance of procedure control in production, to exert function of SPC technology, and considering from PL carried on the system design to the quality control system, studied the design principle, produced the concrete system function structure drawing, and conducted the research to key technology, determined the quality character selection principle and the three methods of CP improve.5. To deal with the original historical data, supplied four way to eliminate the eliminate data. Stetted up partial function of the quality management system by C++
Builder language and SQL Server database. And took product VH025AP as the example, analyzed its disqualification rate P chart > the flaw trend analysis, carried on CP analysis.6. Finally, the conclusion and the developing trend on QM are put forward.
引文
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[2] 伍爱.质量管理学 广州:暨南大学出版社,1998.4
[3] 刘广第.质量管理学 北京:清华大学出版社,2003.1
[4] 郎志正.质量管理及其技术和方法.北京:中国标准出版社,2003.9
[5] 韩俊杰,史忠科.塑料管材生产质量控制研究.西北工业大学,2004.1
[6] 梁国明.IS09000族标准常用统计技术方法43种.北京:中国标准出版社,2004.3
[7] 陈俊芳.质量管理学.北京:中国标准出版社,2004.8
[8] 钟伦燕,韩俊,.刘红.统计过程控制技术原理和应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2001.10
[9] 周纪芗,茆诗松.质量管理统计方法北京:中国统计出版社,1999.9
[10] 杨光.集成质量系统与质量管理过程技术研究.大连理工大学,2004.7
[11] 张一鸣,李国喜.集成化质量管理系统的设计研究.国防科技大学,2004.03
[12] 陈国铭.SQC-4统计质量控制.北京:中国石化出版社,1995.3
[13] 尹红,余忠华.面向加工过程的六西格玛质量管理系统开发与应用研究.浙江大学,2003.11
[14] 韩笑,闫双景.熔模铸件的质量控制及其质量管理系统的开发.清华大学,2004.05
[15] 胡良国,余忠华.面向微型轴承制造过程SPC专家系统的研究与开发.浙江大学,2002.02
[16] 刘立户.全面质量管理.北京:北京大学出版社,2004.1
[17] 罗书强.网络化制造模式下质量决策支持系统的研究.重庆大学,2003.5
[18] 傅利平.SPC运作实务深圳:海天出版社,2002.8
[19] 蔡纯之.SPC控制图技术在生产线质量控制中的应用.机械制造,2003.7
[20] 袁普及,周燕飞.基于成组技术的质量控制的研究.南京航空航天大学,2003.3
[21] 王小权,黄成祥,张栋书.四川双马水泥公司产品质量管理信息系统研发.四川大学,2003
[22] 李益兵,郭顺生.电子行业质量管理信息系统的设计与实现.武汉理工大学 2003
[23] 黄小锋,唐宁九,夏成列.核燃料元件质量管理系统的开发与应用.四川大学 2004.11
[24] 郑奋,莫易敏.基于IS09000质量标准的机车检修信息管理系统.武汉理工大学.2003.11
[25] 杨光,刘晓冰.集成质量系统与质量管理过程技术研究.大连理工大学,2004.7
[26] 申应海,曹柳林,楚纪正.企业质量管理信息系统的设计.北京化工大学,2003.02
[27] 何位,于忠海.统计过程质量控制图的改进及其实现方法研究.燕山大学,2004.2
[28] 亓四华,费业泰.制造质量零废品控制理论与技术的研究.合肥工业大学,2001
[29] 傅磊,闫建国.质量管理体系软件生成器的设计与实现.西北工业大学,2004.2
[30] 程骏,高晋康.质量管理在军工企业中的应用.西南财经大学,2004.2
[31] 曹旭峰,杨世元.质量信息集成理论和方法的研究.合肥工业大学,2003.07
[32] 蔡林沁,谢阅,马绍良.统计过程控制分析与管理系统.计算机应用研究,2004
[33] 栗智.质量控制图的原理和方法及在仪器分析中的应用.理化检验—化学分册,2005
[34] 苗瑞,王东鹏,姚英学.CIMS环境下大型单件小批生产的质量管理信息系统研究,计算机工程与应用,2002.08
[35] 林学欣,陈晓华,胡咏华.变速器生产线SPC知识管理系统生成研究.南京理工大学,2004.5
[36] 刘继颖,秦现生.产品质量管理系统的研究与实现.西北工业大学,2003.3.
[37] 刘明周,任兰,张铭鑫.产品质量统计过程中的制造质量数据管理方法研究.计算机集成制造系统,2005.2
[38] 杨基平,余忠华.过程质量管理及其辅助软件系统开发与应用.浙江大学,2004.2
[39] Vikram Adve and John Mellor-Crummy. Using integer sets for data-parallel program analysis and optimization. In Proceedings of the SIGPLAN' 98 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, June 1998.
[40] Gagan Agrawal, Ruoming Jin, and Xiaogang Li. Middleware and compiler support for scalable data mining. In Proceedings of Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC), 2001.
[41] M. Gardner and J. Bicker" Data Mining Solves Tough Semiconductor Manufacturing Problems" ACM KDD Confererce Boxon. USA, 2000
[42] J. Han and M. Kamber Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques, Morgan Kanfmann Publishers, 2001
[43] T. Zhang, R. Ramakrishnan, and M. Livny, "BIRCH: An fficient Data Clustering Method forVery Large Databases", Proc. ACMSIGMOD Conf. Montreal, Canada, June 1996.
[44] W. Hou, "A Framework for Statistical Data Mining with Summary Tables", Technical Report, SIUC, May 1999.
[45] K. Thearling et al., "Visualising Data Mining Models", Information Visualisation in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Morgan Kaufman, 2001.
[46] R. Kohavi, "Data Mining and Visualisation", NAE US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium, 2000.
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