基于交通荷载随机特性的环境振动评价方法研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的发展和城市化的推进，城市交通系统的大规模发展趋势极为迅速。然而在城市交通发展的同时，随之而来的环境振动问题也日益得到广泛重视，因此对于环境振动评价方法的研究引起了越来越多的关注。
本文回顾了环境振动问题的研究现状，介绍了环境振动的理论基础，包括振动评价量、振动评价标准种类以及各种评价标准的影响因素。分析了各国环境振动评价标准，重点介绍了各国的生理标准，即振动对人体舒适性的限值标准。并针对GB 10070-88《城市区域环境振动标准》存在的问题进行了初步的分析。
论文通过对交通荷载随机特性及其振动传播规律的研究，发现振源和评价点的随机振动都满足高斯正态分布规律，指出采用单一限值评定交通荷载引起的环境振动存在着明显的不足。由于环境振动本身具有随机特性，同时人、结构以及精密仪器等振动受体对环境振动的反应是随受体的种类以及受振的环境而变化的，只有兼顾上述两者的环境振动评价标准才是完善的。因此，本文引入失效概率的概念，提出了单一限值结合限值失效概率的环境振动评价方法。通过对某环境振动评价案例进行计算，分析了各种参数对环境振动评价结果的影响。在此基础上，对GB 10070-88《城市区域环境振动标准》提出了修改意见，为基于交通荷载随机特性的环境振动评价奠定了理论基础。
With the urbanization, the traffic system such as subway, viaduct in additional to surface road is developing very quickly, and at the same time resulting in serious environmental vibration pollution, thereby attracting more attentions on its vibration level evaluation.
However, the traffic loading behaves strong randomicity, so we can not use single observation to distinguish how the traffic induced vibration to affect activities of production or daily life. In this study, the environmental vibration evaluation standard in different country were reviewed, and the deficiency of randomicity considering of traffic loading is obvious, especially in GB 10070-88,the China Standard of Environments Vibration in City Area.
The stochastic characteristics of traffic loading was investigated to point out the current environmental vibration restriction is only an average value, and there exists transparent comparability between vibration source and observation object. After further studies for specific vehicle random loading and objects, the probability of failure was suggested to define the stochastic characteristics of source and vexation of object. As a result, a monograph was presented to modify the conventional environmental vibration evaluation standard, which can be calculated via Mathematica and used to reflect randomicity of traffic loading induced vibration properly and different environmental vibration control demand from level of 50dB to 100dB.
本文回顾了环境振动问题的研究现状，介绍了环境振动的理论基础，包括振动评价量、振动评价标准种类以及各种评价标准的影响因素。分析了各国环境振动评价标准，重点介绍了各国的生理标准，即振动对人体舒适性的限值标准。并针对GB 10070-88《城市区域环境振动标准》存在的问题进行了初步的分析。
论文通过对交通荷载随机特性及其振动传播规律的研究，发现振源和评价点的随机振动都满足高斯正态分布规律，指出采用单一限值评定交通荷载引起的环境振动存在着明显的不足。由于环境振动本身具有随机特性，同时人、结构以及精密仪器等振动受体对环境振动的反应是随受体的种类以及受振的环境而变化的，只有兼顾上述两者的环境振动评价标准才是完善的。因此，本文引入失效概率的概念，提出了单一限值结合限值失效概率的环境振动评价方法。通过对某环境振动评价案例进行计算，分析了各种参数对环境振动评价结果的影响。在此基础上，对GB 10070-88《城市区域环境振动标准》提出了修改意见，为基于交通荷载随机特性的环境振动评价奠定了理论基础。
With the urbanization, the traffic system such as subway, viaduct in additional to surface road is developing very quickly, and at the same time resulting in serious environmental vibration pollution, thereby attracting more attentions on its vibration level evaluation.
However, the traffic loading behaves strong randomicity, so we can not use single observation to distinguish how the traffic induced vibration to affect activities of production or daily life. In this study, the environmental vibration evaluation standard in different country were reviewed, and the deficiency of randomicity considering of traffic loading is obvious, especially in GB 10070-88,the China Standard of Environments Vibration in City Area.
The stochastic characteristics of traffic loading was investigated to point out the current environmental vibration restriction is only an average value, and there exists transparent comparability between vibration source and observation object. After further studies for specific vehicle random loading and objects, the probability of failure was suggested to define the stochastic characteristics of source and vexation of object. As a result, a monograph was presented to modify the conventional environmental vibration evaluation standard, which can be calculated via Mathematica and used to reflect randomicity of traffic loading induced vibration properly and different environmental vibration control demand from level of 50dB to 100dB.
引文
[1] 夏禾，曹艳梅．轨道交通引起的环境振动问题[J]．铁道科学与工程学报，2004，1(1)：44-51．
[2] Japanese Institute of Noise Control .Regional Vibration of Environments. Tokyo: Jibaotang Press, 2001.
[3] Bata M. Effects on buildings of vibrations caused by traffic[J].Building Science, 1971, 6:221-246.
[4] Dowding CH. Construction vibration. Prentice Hall, 1996.
[5] Whiffen AC, Leonard DR. A survey of traffic induced vibrations. Report, LR 418, Transport and Road Research Labs. UK,1971.
[6] Bell FG.Ground engineer's reference book. London: Butterworth, 1987.
[7] German Standards Organization. DIN 4150, Vibrations in building construction, Berlin, Germany, 1984.
[8] British Standard Institution. Guide to evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings (1 Hz-80 Hz): BS6472:1992.
[9] Swiss Association of Standards. Effects of vibration on construction: SN 640 312, Seefedstrasse 9, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland, 1978.
[10] Office of Surface Mining. Surface mining reclamation and enforcement provisions, Public Law 95-87, Federal Register, Vol. 42, No. 289, 1977.
[11] 殷楚梅．道路交通振动影响评价实例，2001，(12)：126-127．
[12] 耿传智等．高架轨道交通的振动与噪声控制．上海铁道大学．
[13] 公害防止的技术与法规编辑委员会，公害防止的技衍与法规振动篇，株式会社，1984．
[14] ISO. Mechanical Vibration and Shock Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration-Part 1: General Requirements IS]. In: ISO2631/1—1997.Switzerland: ISO,1997.1～21.
[15] ISO. Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole2body Vibration-Part 1: General Requirements [S]. In: ISO2631/1—1985. Switzerland : ISO, 1985. 1～3.
[16] BS 6472 Guide to Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration in Buildings(1 Hz～80Hz)[S].
[17] British Standard Guide to measurement and evaluation of human exposure to whole body mechanical vibration and repeated shock, BS 6841. British Standards Institution;1987.
[18] DIN 4150/2 Vibration in Buildings—Part 2: Effects on Persons in Buildings[S].
[19] 城市区域环境振动标准编制组．城市区域环境振动标准—研究报告[R]．
[20] 铁道科学研究院．京沪高速铁路环境影响预评价[R]．2002．
[21] 焦大化．京沪高速铁路环境振动建议限值[J]．铁道劳动安全卫生与环保，2001，28(4)：218～224．
[22] ANSI S3 12-1983 American National Standard Guide to Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration in Buildings[S].
[23] 夏禾，张楠，车辆与结构动力相互作用．科学出版社，2004．
[24] 国际铁路联盟(UIC)试验研究所(ORE)研究报告D151P RP5．由火车运行对建筑物产生的振动—各国铁路试验报告的评价[R]．
[25] GB10070—1988，城市区域环境振动标准[S]．
[26] GB10071—1988，城市区域环境振动测量方法[S]．
[27] GB/T13441-92，人体全身振动环境的测量规范．
[28] GB/T13442-92，人体全身振动暴露的舒适性降低界限和评价准则．
[29] GB／T16441-96，人体z轴向的机械传递率．
[30] GB／T16440-96，人体的机械驱动点阻抗．
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[6] 夏禾，张楠，车辆与结构动力相互作用．科学出版社，2004．
[7] 城市区域环境振动标准编制组．城市区域环境振动标准—研究报告[R]．
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[1] 庄世坚，“区域环境噪声主观评价中闽值的确定”，第三届全国噪声控制工程学术会议论文集，1986．
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[6] 涂瑞和，方丹群，战嘉恺，等．用模糊数学原理评价城市居民对环境振动的主观反应[J]．中国环境科学，1990，10(5)：356—359．
[7] 宋志刚，金伟良．工程结构振动舒适度的抗力模型．浙江大学学报，2004，38(8)：966-970．
[2] Japanese Institute of Noise Control .Regional Vibration of Environments. Tokyo: Jibaotang Press, 2001.
[3] Bata M. Effects on buildings of vibrations caused by traffic[J].Building Science, 1971, 6:221-246.
[4] Dowding CH. Construction vibration. Prentice Hall, 1996.
[5] Whiffen AC, Leonard DR. A survey of traffic induced vibrations. Report, LR 418, Transport and Road Research Labs. UK,1971.
[6] Bell FG.Ground engineer's reference book. London: Butterworth, 1987.
[7] German Standards Organization. DIN 4150, Vibrations in building construction, Berlin, Germany, 1984.
[8] British Standard Institution. Guide to evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings (1 Hz-80 Hz): BS6472:1992.
[9] Swiss Association of Standards. Effects of vibration on construction: SN 640 312, Seefedstrasse 9, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland, 1978.
[10] Office of Surface Mining. Surface mining reclamation and enforcement provisions, Public Law 95-87, Federal Register, Vol. 42, No. 289, 1977.
[11] 殷楚梅．道路交通振动影响评价实例，2001，(12)：126-127．
[12] 耿传智等．高架轨道交通的振动与噪声控制．上海铁道大学．
[13] 公害防止的技术与法规编辑委员会，公害防止的技衍与法规振动篇，株式会社，1984．
[14] ISO. Mechanical Vibration and Shock Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration-Part 1: General Requirements IS]. In: ISO2631/1—1997.Switzerland: ISO,1997.1～21.
[15] ISO. Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole2body Vibration-Part 1: General Requirements [S]. In: ISO2631/1—1985. Switzerland : ISO, 1985. 1～3.
[16] BS 6472 Guide to Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration in Buildings(1 Hz～80Hz)[S].
[17] British Standard Guide to measurement and evaluation of human exposure to whole body mechanical vibration and repeated shock, BS 6841. British Standards Institution;1987.
[18] DIN 4150/2 Vibration in Buildings—Part 2: Effects on Persons in Buildings[S].
[19] 城市区域环境振动标准编制组．城市区域环境振动标准—研究报告[R]．
[20] 铁道科学研究院．京沪高速铁路环境影响预评价[R]．2002．
[21] 焦大化．京沪高速铁路环境振动建议限值[J]．铁道劳动安全卫生与环保，2001，28(4)：218～224．
[22] ANSI S3 12-1983 American National Standard Guide to Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration in Buildings[S].
[23] 夏禾，张楠，车辆与结构动力相互作用．科学出版社，2004．
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