生物表面活性剂及其在城市生活垃圾堆肥中的应用
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摘要
随着经济的发展及城市生活垃圾的增加，如何提高堆肥质量，缩短堆肥周期，日益受到重视。生物表面活性剂作为一种对环境较为友好的新型的表面活性剂，将其加入到堆肥中有望改善堆肥的微环境，提高堆肥质量。
在本课题的研究过程中，制备了生物表面活性剂，找到了本实验室从中国典型培养物保藏中心购买的铜绿假单胞菌的最佳培养条件，并对发酵液中的生物表面活性剂进行了分离提纯，然后，对提取的较纯的生物表面活性剂进行了鉴定和表征，结果表明培养的发酵液中的确存在鼠李糖脂，为下一步实验作了铺垫。
为了将生物表面活性剂更好的运用到城市固体废物的堆肥中，本研究对堆肥中产生生物表面活性剂的细菌进行了筛选，实验结果发现枯草芽孢杆菌为堆肥中产生生物表面活性剂的主要菌种。
接着，本研究将铜绿假单胞菌产生的鼠李糖脂发酵液应用到蔬菜基质的降解过程，本实验主要考察了鼠李糖脂发酵液对蔬菜基质降解过程的影响，并且初步探讨了其作用方式。实验表明鼠李糖脂发酵液能够在一定程度上加快蔬菜基质的降解过程，即有可能加快堆肥中易降解物质的降解过程。
由于土壤中石油烃的污染越来越严重并且化学表面活性剂的应用有较大的局限性，本实验试着用生物表面活性剂发酵液和堆肥的方法来促进被污染土壤中的石油烃的降解，结果表明莎梵婷及鼠李糖脂对堆肥中的石油烃都能起到降解加强作用，并且不同的生物表面活性剂效果不同。从本实验的结果来看，鼠李糖脂发酵液对油的降解效果比莎梵婷发酵液好。
本研究课题对生物表面活性剂的特性及其在堆肥中的应用进行了研究，主要是生物表面活性剂对蔬菜基质及堆肥中石油烃的降解的研究，取得了一定的研究成果。本课题为较新的研究方向，对科研工作者有一定的参考价值。
With the development of economy and the increasing production of municipal solid waste, how to improve the quality of compost and reduce the cycle of composting has become of more and more interests. Biosurfactant, a new surfactant which is environmental acceptable, is expected to have the potential to ameliorate the microenvironment in composting and increase the quality of compost when it is added.
In the study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant was produced and the optimal condition for Pseudomonas aeruginosa from China Center for Type Culture Collection to produce the biosurfactant was determined. The biosurfactant was also separated and purified from its broth. Furthermore, it was identified and the results verified the existence of the surfactant, which was preparation for the next experiment.
For better application of the biosurfactant into municipal solid waste degradation process, in the study biosurfactant-producing bacteria were screened from compost. The results showed Bacillus subtilis were the main biosurfactant-producing bacteria in composting.
Next, the culture liquid of rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginos was applied to the vegetable substrate degradation process to examine the stimulative role of rhamnolipid broth on the process and to simply disclose the mechanism. The experiment result showed that rhamnolipid broth can enhance the degradation process of vegetable substrate. Consequently it may accelerate the degradation process of readily degradable organic matter in composting.
Because of more and more serious pollution of oil hydrocarbon in soil and the limited application of synthetic surfactants to remove such contaminants, in the study two biosurfactants were used to help degrade the oil hydrocarbon in soil, using composting method. The results showed that biosurfactant surfactin and rhamnolipid can facilitate degradation of the oil hydrocarbon in composting with different degree and rhamnolipid functioned more positively than surfactin.
Some physiochemical and biological characteristics of biosurfactant and its application into composting were investigated in the paper. Its positive function on vegetable substrate degradation and oil hydrocarbon removal from composting soil
was also validated. The subject suggested a new study field and the work may be helpful to the coming researchers.
在本课题的研究过程中，制备了生物表面活性剂，找到了本实验室从中国典型培养物保藏中心购买的铜绿假单胞菌的最佳培养条件，并对发酵液中的生物表面活性剂进行了分离提纯，然后，对提取的较纯的生物表面活性剂进行了鉴定和表征，结果表明培养的发酵液中的确存在鼠李糖脂，为下一步实验作了铺垫。
为了将生物表面活性剂更好的运用到城市固体废物的堆肥中，本研究对堆肥中产生生物表面活性剂的细菌进行了筛选，实验结果发现枯草芽孢杆菌为堆肥中产生生物表面活性剂的主要菌种。
接着，本研究将铜绿假单胞菌产生的鼠李糖脂发酵液应用到蔬菜基质的降解过程，本实验主要考察了鼠李糖脂发酵液对蔬菜基质降解过程的影响，并且初步探讨了其作用方式。实验表明鼠李糖脂发酵液能够在一定程度上加快蔬菜基质的降解过程，即有可能加快堆肥中易降解物质的降解过程。
由于土壤中石油烃的污染越来越严重并且化学表面活性剂的应用有较大的局限性，本实验试着用生物表面活性剂发酵液和堆肥的方法来促进被污染土壤中的石油烃的降解，结果表明莎梵婷及鼠李糖脂对堆肥中的石油烃都能起到降解加强作用，并且不同的生物表面活性剂效果不同。从本实验的结果来看，鼠李糖脂发酵液对油的降解效果比莎梵婷发酵液好。
本研究课题对生物表面活性剂的特性及其在堆肥中的应用进行了研究，主要是生物表面活性剂对蔬菜基质及堆肥中石油烃的降解的研究，取得了一定的研究成果。本课题为较新的研究方向，对科研工作者有一定的参考价值。
With the development of economy and the increasing production of municipal solid waste, how to improve the quality of compost and reduce the cycle of composting has become of more and more interests. Biosurfactant, a new surfactant which is environmental acceptable, is expected to have the potential to ameliorate the microenvironment in composting and increase the quality of compost when it is added.
In the study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant was produced and the optimal condition for Pseudomonas aeruginosa from China Center for Type Culture Collection to produce the biosurfactant was determined. The biosurfactant was also separated and purified from its broth. Furthermore, it was identified and the results verified the existence of the surfactant, which was preparation for the next experiment.
For better application of the biosurfactant into municipal solid waste degradation process, in the study biosurfactant-producing bacteria were screened from compost. The results showed Bacillus subtilis were the main biosurfactant-producing bacteria in composting.
Next, the culture liquid of rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginos was applied to the vegetable substrate degradation process to examine the stimulative role of rhamnolipid broth on the process and to simply disclose the mechanism. The experiment result showed that rhamnolipid broth can enhance the degradation process of vegetable substrate. Consequently it may accelerate the degradation process of readily degradable organic matter in composting.
Because of more and more serious pollution of oil hydrocarbon in soil and the limited application of synthetic surfactants to remove such contaminants, in the study two biosurfactants were used to help degrade the oil hydrocarbon in soil, using composting method. The results showed that biosurfactant surfactin and rhamnolipid can facilitate degradation of the oil hydrocarbon in composting with different degree and rhamnolipid functioned more positively than surfactin.
Some physiochemical and biological characteristics of biosurfactant and its application into composting were investigated in the paper. Its positive function on vegetable substrate degradation and oil hydrocarbon removal from composting soil
was also validated. The subject suggested a new study field and the work may be helpful to the coming researchers.
引文
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