薄板坯连铸连轧无取向硅钢的裂纹缺陷分析
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摘要
本文回顾了目前国内外对薄板坯连铸连轧技术的发展状况以及国内利用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺开发无取向硅钢的研究开发情况,针对采用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产无取向硅钢过程中出现的裂纹缺陷问题进行了研究。
本文在实验室模拟了薄板坯连铸连轧生产中高牌号无取向硅钢的生产过程,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及动态拉伸台及多功能热模拟实验机对制得的无取向硅钢热轧带钢进行了研究,观察了热轧试样的原始形貌和裂纹的形核与扩展情况,研究了无取向硅钢的室温性能与高温塑性,对不同加热与轧制工艺下的组织进行了对比分析,得出有利于预防和减缓裂纹缺陷的工艺参数。
研究表明,钢中的氧化夹杂与析出物MnS等和带钢的附加应力是导致裂纹的主要因素。轧制过程中带钢宽度方向上温降不均匀,边部冷却过快,硬度增大,脆性增加,析出物在外力作用下成为裂纹的形核部位,随着变形的增加沿不同路径扩展成为宏观裂纹；在稳定轧制区域内低开轧温度与高终轧温度,有利于裂纹现象的缓解。保温时间与变形速率并非越短越好或越大越好,有一个最佳范围的问题；并提出了实行热轧工艺润滑、控制轧制温度、采用立辊轧制、边部加热、增加保温罩等裂纹预防或减缓措施。
裂纹的形核与扩展对于实际生产中成材率的提高起着非常重要的作用。针对薄板坯连铸连轧生产线研究不同工艺参数对裂纹的影响,为实际开发无取向硅钢产品制定控制轧制工艺提供了理论基础。
This paper reviews the situation of internal and external development about the merit and demerit of the technology of continuous casting and rolling, and the exploitation of non-oriented silicon steel with the process. The crack defects during the compact technology are mainly researched.
Thin slab continous rolling process is simulated to produce non-oriented silicon steel of middle and high grades in the lab on the basis of investigation on campact strip production line. And main contents of this paper are as follows:hot rolled microstructure amd original crack are researched by optical and scanning electrical microscope, and nuclearation and expansion are emphasized. Meanwhile mechanical properties in room temperature and high temperature are surveyed. Processes of different parameters are compared to get better microstructure, and some methods of prevention and reduction are brought forward which are proposed to be helpful in coming real production.
The results of investigation are summarized as:oxide inclusion, precipitation MnS and addional stress are main factors. Inhomogeneity of temperature drop leads to ono-uniform temperature along the width of strip, thus, the edge region is cooled fastly so that its hardness and embritttlement get increased. Precipitation becomes nucleation site by the effect of external force. The microcrack gets expansed into invisible crack along varied ways with deformation. Lower starting temperature and higher finishing temperature in steady rolling process can slow down the crack expansion. The soaking time and deformation rate have a optimized range which can reduce the crack phemonimen. Messures such as reasonable lubrication in hot roll stage, controlled cooling, rolling of different mill speed and so on are mentioned to decrease the crack defects.
The regularity of nucleation and expansion of crack plays a very important role for the actual production process control. It is crucial to study the affection of different conditions of hot rolling in the compact slab process.
本文在实验室模拟了薄板坯连铸连轧生产中高牌号无取向硅钢的生产过程,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及动态拉伸台及多功能热模拟实验机对制得的无取向硅钢热轧带钢进行了研究,观察了热轧试样的原始形貌和裂纹的形核与扩展情况,研究了无取向硅钢的室温性能与高温塑性,对不同加热与轧制工艺下的组织进行了对比分析,得出有利于预防和减缓裂纹缺陷的工艺参数。
研究表明,钢中的氧化夹杂与析出物MnS等和带钢的附加应力是导致裂纹的主要因素。轧制过程中带钢宽度方向上温降不均匀,边部冷却过快,硬度增大,脆性增加,析出物在外力作用下成为裂纹的形核部位,随着变形的增加沿不同路径扩展成为宏观裂纹；在稳定轧制区域内低开轧温度与高终轧温度,有利于裂纹现象的缓解。保温时间与变形速率并非越短越好或越大越好,有一个最佳范围的问题；并提出了实行热轧工艺润滑、控制轧制温度、采用立辊轧制、边部加热、增加保温罩等裂纹预防或减缓措施。
裂纹的形核与扩展对于实际生产中成材率的提高起着非常重要的作用。针对薄板坯连铸连轧生产线研究不同工艺参数对裂纹的影响,为实际开发无取向硅钢产品制定控制轧制工艺提供了理论基础。
This paper reviews the situation of internal and external development about the merit and demerit of the technology of continuous casting and rolling, and the exploitation of non-oriented silicon steel with the process. The crack defects during the compact technology are mainly researched.
Thin slab continous rolling process is simulated to produce non-oriented silicon steel of middle and high grades in the lab on the basis of investigation on campact strip production line. And main contents of this paper are as follows:hot rolled microstructure amd original crack are researched by optical and scanning electrical microscope, and nuclearation and expansion are emphasized. Meanwhile mechanical properties in room temperature and high temperature are surveyed. Processes of different parameters are compared to get better microstructure, and some methods of prevention and reduction are brought forward which are proposed to be helpful in coming real production.
The results of investigation are summarized as:oxide inclusion, precipitation MnS and addional stress are main factors. Inhomogeneity of temperature drop leads to ono-uniform temperature along the width of strip, thus, the edge region is cooled fastly so that its hardness and embritttlement get increased. Precipitation becomes nucleation site by the effect of external force. The microcrack gets expansed into invisible crack along varied ways with deformation. Lower starting temperature and higher finishing temperature in steady rolling process can slow down the crack expansion. The soaking time and deformation rate have a optimized range which can reduce the crack phemonimen. Messures such as reasonable lubrication in hot roll stage, controlled cooling, rolling of different mill speed and so on are mentioned to decrease the crack defects.
The regularity of nucleation and expansion of crack plays a very important role for the actual production process control. It is crucial to study the affection of different conditions of hot rolling in the compact slab process.
引文
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[2]王廷溥,齐克敏.金属塑性加工学—轧制理论与工艺[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,2001.
[3]殷瑞钰.中国薄板坯连铸连轧的发展特点和方向[J].钢铁,2007,42(1)：1-3.
[4]王良芳.我国电工钢生产现状及发展建议[J].中国冶金,2004,7(7)：16-22.
[5]何忠治.电工钢(上册)[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1997.
[6]卢凤喜.无取向硅钢的最新发展[J].武钢技术,2005,43(6)：55-58.
[7]郭艳永,柳向春等.BOF-RH-CC工艺生产无取向硅钢过程中夹杂物行为的研究[J].钢铁,2004,40(4)：24-27.
[8]Rubens Takanohashi,Fernando Jose Gomes Landgraf.Effect of hot-band grain size and intermediate annealing on magnetic properties and texture of non-oriented silicon steels[J]. Journal of Magnetism and magnetic Materials,304(2006):608-610.
[9]刘光穆,刘继申等.电工钢的生产开发现状和发展趋势[J].2005,26(1)：38-41.
[10]Byung Keun Bae. Effect of heating rate on properties of non-oriented electrical steel containing 0.4%Si[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,254-255 (2003):373-375.
[11]张文康,毛卫民等.退火温度对冷轧无取向硅钢组织结构和磁性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2006,27(1).
[12]卢凤喜.我国电工钢产销分析与预测[J].冶金信息导刊,2006,(2)：38-41.
[13]我国电工钢生产技术的发展[N],中国南方钢材网,2006-10-19.
[14]苏东,谢劲松.电炉CSP工艺开发无取向硅钢热带钢的技术可行性探讨[J].冶金从刊,2006,(1)：1-4.
[15]王小燕,刘学华等.薄板坯连铸连轧生产电工钢及其优势[J].钢铁研究,2006,34(3)：58-62.
[16]刘光穆等.薄板坯与厚板坯生产电工钢的比较与分析[J].钢铁,2004,39(10)：28-31.
[17]吴光亮,焦国华等.涟钢BOF-LF-CSP-冷轧试制半工艺电工钢实践[C].薄板坯连铸连轧交流与开发协会第四次技术交流会论文集,267-271.
[18]李士琦等.50W1300冷轧无取向电工钢带的工业试制[J].特殊钢,2007,28(4)：45-47.
[19]王旭生,侯庆平.本钢薄板坯连铸连轧生产无取向硅钢的生产实践[C].2006年薄板坯连铸连轧国际研讨会论文集,2006.
[20]徐荣军,包春林等.薄板坯连铸连轧产品性能特征及与传统工艺的比较[C].2003中国钢铁年会 论文集,150-153.
[21]陈伟.昆钢热轧板卷边裂成因分析及控制[J].云南冶金,2007,36(2)：105-109.
[22]张有余等.SUS304不锈钢变形特性和热轧钢卷边裂浅析[J].酒钢科技,2006,(3)：68-72.
[23]张凤泉等.提高冷轧硅钢片成材率板形质量和横向厚度精度的分析[J].钢铁研究,2005,8(4)：40-45.
[24]姜世勇.热轧工艺对无取向硅钢组织结构的影响[J].电工材料,2006,(2)：13-16.
[25][苏]B.Д.萨多夫斯基.钢的组织遗传性[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1980.
[26]王强.无取向硅钢轧制工艺的研究[J].安徽冶金,2007,(1)：27-31.
[27]张云祥等人.CSP与常规热轧生产工艺生产Q345B钢带的组织性能对比[J].钢铁研究,2007,35(1)：30-32.
[28]丁建华.65Mn与T10连铸热装炉轧制(CC-HCR)工艺研究[D].沈阳：东北工学院,1992.
[29]3%硅钢双相区的高温脆性[J],《材料とプロセス》.1999,12(3)：308.
[30]Lankford W T, J R. Some Considerations of Strength and Ductility in the Continuous Casting Process[J], Metallurgical Transactions,1972,13(6):1331.
[31]王新华,吴冬梅.1400～1600℃间碳钢连铸坯的脆化特性研究[J].钢铁,1997,32(10)：750.
[32]杨海林,陈耀辉.1900mm连铸板坯表面横裂纹成因的分析[J].特殊钢,2003,24(3)：54-55.
[33]张绪虎等.SiCp/LD10复合材料原位拉伸断裂行为研究[J].宇航材料工艺,1999,(1)：36-41.
[34]袁志钟等.高氮奥氏体不锈钢动态拉伸的SEM原位观察[J].江苏大学学报,2003,24(3)：62-65.
[35]Jung GLee. In Situ Fracture Observation and Toughness Analysis of Zr-Based Amorphous Alloys[J]. Materials Science and Enfineering A, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.019.
[36]曹睿等.铸铁断裂机理原位拉伸研究[J].甘肃工业大学学报,2003,29(2)：8-13.
[37]陈德和.钢的缺陷[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1966.
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