唐山建龙冷轧深冲钢性能研究
摘要
本论文通过从生产现场取样然后和实验室实验相配合的方式,针对以唐山建龙热轧二厂生产出的热轧带钢为原料采用酸洗后进行冷轧而获得的SPCC冷轧低碳带钢进行研究,研究影响冷轧深冲钢性能的各种因素,研究对象包括生产工艺、织构、加工硬化系数n、塑性应变比r值及析出相等。
从生产现场进行取样,再在实验室分析。热轧生产现场设定590℃和650℃两种不同热轧卷取温度,分别选取在这两种不同的卷取温度下生产出的热轧、冷轧、退火以及平整后的带钢作为试样。在冷轧实验室通过拉伸实验测定试样的n、r值,结果显示热轧、退火和平整后带钢试样的塑性应变比r值均随着卷取温度的升高而逐渐降低,590℃热轧卷取所得带钢试样的深冲性能较理想。发现带钢试样退火后的凸耳系数Δr随卷取温度的升高略微升高除外,卷取温度对带钢试样的Δr值、应变硬化指数n值还有抗拉强度等力学性能的影响很不明显。
观察所取生产中试样的组织和析出,通过SEM实验和TEM实验发现,热轧、平整和退火后的带钢试样的晶粒均为饼形,同时发现高的热轧卷取温度下晶粒变细小,且容易出现混晶现象。在650℃的较高温度卷取时,热轧试样有粗大的条块状游离渗碳体和少量珠光体在晶界处析出,冷轧过程中的带钢渗碳体被压碎,压碎后形成的微观空隙会为带钢组织在退火时渗碳体的析出提供大量的位置,容易使带钢退火后的试样沿晶界甚至在晶内形成粗大的渗碳体,其他还有新析出渗碳体并未把空隙填满,这对深冲带钢的成形性能造成不利影响。细小弥散析出的AlN粒子,细化晶粒,并且还可以提高带钢强度。
在实验室用X射线衍射仪测定所取带钢试样的织构,测定结果发现热轧、冷轧、退火、平整各带钢试样的组织织构之间有一定的联系。结果发现带唐山建龙钢组织织构的发展具有一定遗传性。热轧带钢中的{111}有利织构伴随着生产的延伸得到逐渐的加强。再结合带钢试样拉伸实验和组织析出观察可以最终确定,温度较低的卷取温度更对提高带钢r值有利,获得均匀的组织和较少的渗碳体析出,在带钢退火后中更容易获得更多有利的{111}织构。
The combination of laboratorial and plant experiments was adopted on the research of microstructures and deep drawing properties of SPCC cold-rolled low-carbon steel sheets of Tangshan Jianlong Steel Group after sulfuric.
The plant experiments included sample taking from Jianlong Steel and analysis in laboratory.The coiling temperatures were separately set as 590℃and 650℃during plant production.Then samples were taken respectively from hot-rolled,annealed and temper-rolled sheets.The values of r and n were measured by tensile test in the laboratory.The results show the r values reduces with the increase of coiling temperature and the samples subjected to 590℃coiling temperature enjoy desirable deep drawing properties.The coiling temperature has no obvious effect on the r and n values of annealed sheets rises a little with the coiling temperature.
SEM and TEM were adapted to investigate the microstructure and precipitation of plant samples.The results show that the grAlNs of hot-rolled,annealed and temper-rolled sheets are prolate.The higher the coiling temperature,the smaller the grAlNs,which can even results in mix grAlN sizes.When subjected to the coiling temperature of 650℃,coarse chAlN cementities were observed along the grAlN boundaries of hot-rolled samples.The cenmentites were cracked after being cold rolled,which makes room for more cementite to precipitate along or even within grAlN boundaries during the following annealing process.The cementite particles of the cold rolled low-carbon steel sheets.The small precipitates of AlN,oxidation and sulfide can increase strength of steel sheets by anchoring the dislocations.
The results of texture test show that there is a connection between the hot-rolled, cold-rolled,annealed and temper-rolled sheets.The {111} texture formed in hot-rolling period can be further strengthened during the following processes.Take into account of the tensile test results and the microstructure investigation, conclusions can be made that low coiling temperature is conductive to microstructures; texture and deep drawing properties.
从生产现场进行取样,再在实验室分析。热轧生产现场设定590℃和650℃两种不同热轧卷取温度,分别选取在这两种不同的卷取温度下生产出的热轧、冷轧、退火以及平整后的带钢作为试样。在冷轧实验室通过拉伸实验测定试样的n、r值,结果显示热轧、退火和平整后带钢试样的塑性应变比r值均随着卷取温度的升高而逐渐降低,590℃热轧卷取所得带钢试样的深冲性能较理想。发现带钢试样退火后的凸耳系数Δr随卷取温度的升高略微升高除外,卷取温度对带钢试样的Δr值、应变硬化指数n值还有抗拉强度等力学性能的影响很不明显。
观察所取生产中试样的组织和析出,通过SEM实验和TEM实验发现,热轧、平整和退火后的带钢试样的晶粒均为饼形,同时发现高的热轧卷取温度下晶粒变细小,且容易出现混晶现象。在650℃的较高温度卷取时,热轧试样有粗大的条块状游离渗碳体和少量珠光体在晶界处析出,冷轧过程中的带钢渗碳体被压碎,压碎后形成的微观空隙会为带钢组织在退火时渗碳体的析出提供大量的位置,容易使带钢退火后的试样沿晶界甚至在晶内形成粗大的渗碳体,其他还有新析出渗碳体并未把空隙填满,这对深冲带钢的成形性能造成不利影响。细小弥散析出的AlN粒子,细化晶粒,并且还可以提高带钢强度。
在实验室用X射线衍射仪测定所取带钢试样的织构,测定结果发现热轧、冷轧、退火、平整各带钢试样的组织织构之间有一定的联系。结果发现带唐山建龙钢组织织构的发展具有一定遗传性。热轧带钢中的{111}有利织构伴随着生产的延伸得到逐渐的加强。再结合带钢试样拉伸实验和组织析出观察可以最终确定,温度较低的卷取温度更对提高带钢r值有利,获得均匀的组织和较少的渗碳体析出,在带钢退火后中更容易获得更多有利的{111}织构。
The combination of laboratorial and plant experiments was adopted on the research of microstructures and deep drawing properties of SPCC cold-rolled low-carbon steel sheets of Tangshan Jianlong Steel Group after sulfuric.
The plant experiments included sample taking from Jianlong Steel and analysis in laboratory.The coiling temperatures were separately set as 590℃and 650℃during plant production.Then samples were taken respectively from hot-rolled,annealed and temper-rolled sheets.The values of r and n were measured by tensile test in the laboratory.The results show the r values reduces with the increase of coiling temperature and the samples subjected to 590℃coiling temperature enjoy desirable deep drawing properties.The coiling temperature has no obvious effect on the r and n values of annealed sheets rises a little with the coiling temperature.
SEM and TEM were adapted to investigate the microstructure and precipitation of plant samples.The results show that the grAlNs of hot-rolled,annealed and temper-rolled sheets are prolate.The higher the coiling temperature,the smaller the grAlNs,which can even results in mix grAlN sizes.When subjected to the coiling temperature of 650℃,coarse chAlN cementities were observed along the grAlN boundaries of hot-rolled samples.The cenmentites were cracked after being cold rolled,which makes room for more cementite to precipitate along or even within grAlN boundaries during the following annealing process.The cementite particles of the cold rolled low-carbon steel sheets.The small precipitates of AlN,oxidation and sulfide can increase strength of steel sheets by anchoring the dislocations.
The results of texture test show that there is a connection between the hot-rolled, cold-rolled,annealed and temper-rolled sheets.The {111} texture formed in hot-rolling period can be further strengthened during the following processes.Take into account of the tensile test results and the microstructure investigation, conclusions can be made that low coiling temperature is conductive to microstructures; texture and deep drawing properties.
引文
1.傅作宝.冷轧薄钢板生产[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2005:18-32.
2.谢水生,刘静安.铝合金材料的应用与技术开发[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2004:10～52.
3.职建军,郑贻裕,郑建中,等.宝钢汽车板炼钢生产技术的进步[A],2006年全国炼钢、连铸生产技术会议论文集[C],烟台:中国金属学会,2006,117～120.
4.殷瑞钰.我国薄板坯连铸连轧生产的发展与优化[A],薄板坯连铸连轧技术交流与开发协会第三次技术交流会论文集[C],唐山:中国工程院,2005:10～15.
5.刘明辉,康海军,陈丽红.本钢薄板坏连铸连轧生产冷轧深冲钢的工业实践[C],2006年薄板坏连铸连轧国际研讨会论文集,广州:中国金属学会,2006.241～244.
6.钱健清,钱弈峰,陈继平,等.基于CSP热轧板为原料DQ级冷轧带钢成形性能分析[A],2006年薄板坏连铸连轧国际研讨会论文集[C],广州:中国金属学会,2006:255～258.
7.田德新,凤佩华.冷轧深冲用汽车薄带钢的发展[J],钢铁研究,1994(6):53～58
8.Okamoto A.Sumitomo's Steel Bars and Wire Rods for Automobile Industries[J],Sumitomo Search,1997,5(9):12-27.
9.王先进,茹铮,马衍伟.我国汽车用带钢的现状和研究进展[J],钢铁,1998,33(10):68～72.
10.吕庆功.冷轧微碳深冲带钢的非{111}织构及其形成原因和对策[D],中国科学院力学研究所,2001.
11.毛卫民,张新明.晶体材料织构定是分析[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.
12.田德新,凤佩华,刘慧.微碳冷轧深冲汽车板的研制[J],钢铁研究,1997,(6):23-29.
13.王欣,康永林,于浩,等.FTSR与传统工艺生产热轧低碳带钢的组织与性能[J],金属热处理,2006,31(12):46～48.
14.王欣,康永林,于浩,等.FTSR薄板坏连铸连轧SS400带钢的组织和性能[J], 热加工工艺,2005(5):41～42.
15.洪强,沈月岭.冷轧薄板工程酸轧联合机组设备特点[J],冶金设备,2006(4):57～60.
16.田德新,凤佩华,刘慧.微碳冷轧深冲汽车板的研制[J],钢铁研究,1997(6):23～29.
17.国家标准局.GB/T5028.1999《金属薄板和薄带拉伸应变硬化指数(n值)试验方法》[S],北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
18.国家标准局,GB/T5027-2007《金属材料薄板和薄带塑性应变比(r值)的测定》[S],北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
19.毛卫民,张新明.金属的再结晶与晶粒长大[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:235～237
20.Bleck W,Grobterlinden R,Lotter U.Textures in Steel Sheets[J].Steel Research,1991,62(12):580-586.
21.Holscher M,Raabe D,Lucke K.Rolling and recrysallization textures of BCC metals[J].Steel Research,1991,62(12):567-575.
22.Mishra S,Darmann C.Role and control of texture in deep drawing steels[J].International Metals Reviews,1982,27(6):307-320.
23.赵金鸿,陈荣清,朱伏先,等.终轧及卷取温度对热轧SP325带钢织构与深冲性能的影响[J].东北大学学报,1994,15(4):374～378.
24.Daniel D,Jonas J J.Measurement and Prediction of Plastic Anisotropy in Deep-Drawing Steels[J].Metallurgical Transactions,1990,21A(2):331-341.
25.陈楠.一些先进材料的织构和性能相互关系的研究[D].北京科技大学,1999.
26.Lequeu P H,Jonas J J.Modeling of the Plastic Anisotropy of Textured Sheet[J].Metallurgical Transactions,1988,19(A):105-120.
27.康永林,傅杰,柳得橹,等.薄板坯连铸连轧钢的组织性能控制[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2006:261～263.
28.Hutchinson W B.Development and control of annealing textures in low-Carbon steels[J],Intrnational Metals Reviews,1984,29(1):25-42.
29.常军,张开华,和兴德,王丹.终轧温度和卷取温度对低碳铝镇静钢性能的影响[J],钢铁钒钛,1999,20(1):32～37.
30.溥绍康.残留形变对低碳钢薄板显微组织的影响[J].钢铁,1993,28(7):51～56.
31.Morita M,Sato K,Hosoya Y.Factors Affecting Texture Formation of Cuprecipitation Hardening Cold-rolled Steel Sheet[J],ISIJ International,1994,34(1):92-98.
32.鲁茨·迈耶著,卧辉译.带钢轧制过程中材料性能的优化[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1996.
33.阮煦寰,王连忠.板带钢轧制生产工艺学[M].北京:北京科技大学,1995.
34.Haratani T,Hutchinson W B,Dillamore I L,et al.Contribution of Shear Banding to Origin of Goss Texture in Silicon Iron[J].Metal Science.1984,18:57-65.
35.谷春阳.微碳钢三次渗碳体的产生和发展规律及σ_s和n值影响因素的定量分析[D],北京科技大学,1998.
36.Meyzaud Y,Michaut B,Parniere P.Texture and the properties of materials[A].Proc.4~(th) Int.Conf.[C],Cambridge,1975:255-263.
37.胡玉和.关于深冲薄板退火过程中的再结晶机制问题[J].鞍钢技术,1989,(6):1～7.
38.崔德理,康永林,金山同,等.IF钢织构控制[J].北京科技大学学报,1993,15(增):24～29.
39.于浩,康永林,傅杰,等.CSP热轧1.0mm超薄规格低碳带钢的组织及性能[J].材料科学与工艺,2002,10(2):121～125.
2.谢水生,刘静安.铝合金材料的应用与技术开发[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2004:10～52.
3.职建军,郑贻裕,郑建中,等.宝钢汽车板炼钢生产技术的进步[A],2006年全国炼钢、连铸生产技术会议论文集[C],烟台:中国金属学会,2006,117～120.
4.殷瑞钰.我国薄板坯连铸连轧生产的发展与优化[A],薄板坯连铸连轧技术交流与开发协会第三次技术交流会论文集[C],唐山:中国工程院,2005:10～15.
5.刘明辉,康海军,陈丽红.本钢薄板坏连铸连轧生产冷轧深冲钢的工业实践[C],2006年薄板坏连铸连轧国际研讨会论文集,广州:中国金属学会,2006.241～244.
6.钱健清,钱弈峰,陈继平,等.基于CSP热轧板为原料DQ级冷轧带钢成形性能分析[A],2006年薄板坏连铸连轧国际研讨会论文集[C],广州:中国金属学会,2006:255～258.
7.田德新,凤佩华.冷轧深冲用汽车薄带钢的发展[J],钢铁研究,1994(6):53～58
8.Okamoto A.Sumitomo's Steel Bars and Wire Rods for Automobile Industries[J],Sumitomo Search,1997,5(9):12-27.
9.王先进,茹铮,马衍伟.我国汽车用带钢的现状和研究进展[J],钢铁,1998,33(10):68～72.
10.吕庆功.冷轧微碳深冲带钢的非{111}织构及其形成原因和对策[D],中国科学院力学研究所,2001.
11.毛卫民,张新明.晶体材料织构定是分析[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.
12.田德新,凤佩华,刘慧.微碳冷轧深冲汽车板的研制[J],钢铁研究,1997,(6):23-29.
13.王欣,康永林,于浩,等.FTSR与传统工艺生产热轧低碳带钢的组织与性能[J],金属热处理,2006,31(12):46～48.
14.王欣,康永林,于浩,等.FTSR薄板坏连铸连轧SS400带钢的组织和性能[J], 热加工工艺,2005(5):41～42.
15.洪强,沈月岭.冷轧薄板工程酸轧联合机组设备特点[J],冶金设备,2006(4):57～60.
16.田德新,凤佩华,刘慧.微碳冷轧深冲汽车板的研制[J],钢铁研究,1997(6):23～29.
17.国家标准局.GB/T5028.1999《金属薄板和薄带拉伸应变硬化指数(n值)试验方法》[S],北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
18.国家标准局,GB/T5027-2007《金属材料薄板和薄带塑性应变比(r值)的测定》[S],北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
19.毛卫民,张新明.金属的再结晶与晶粒长大[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:235～237
20.Bleck W,Grobterlinden R,Lotter U.Textures in Steel Sheets[J].Steel Research,1991,62(12):580-586.
21.Holscher M,Raabe D,Lucke K.Rolling and recrysallization textures of BCC metals[J].Steel Research,1991,62(12):567-575.
22.Mishra S,Darmann C.Role and control of texture in deep drawing steels[J].International Metals Reviews,1982,27(6):307-320.
23.赵金鸿,陈荣清,朱伏先,等.终轧及卷取温度对热轧SP325带钢织构与深冲性能的影响[J].东北大学学报,1994,15(4):374～378.
24.Daniel D,Jonas J J.Measurement and Prediction of Plastic Anisotropy in Deep-Drawing Steels[J].Metallurgical Transactions,1990,21A(2):331-341.
25.陈楠.一些先进材料的织构和性能相互关系的研究[D].北京科技大学,1999.
26.Lequeu P H,Jonas J J.Modeling of the Plastic Anisotropy of Textured Sheet[J].Metallurgical Transactions,1988,19(A):105-120.
27.康永林,傅杰,柳得橹,等.薄板坯连铸连轧钢的组织性能控制[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,2006:261～263.
28.Hutchinson W B.Development and control of annealing textures in low-Carbon steels[J],Intrnational Metals Reviews,1984,29(1):25-42.
29.常军,张开华,和兴德,王丹.终轧温度和卷取温度对低碳铝镇静钢性能的影响[J],钢铁钒钛,1999,20(1):32～37.
30.溥绍康.残留形变对低碳钢薄板显微组织的影响[J].钢铁,1993,28(7):51～56.
31.Morita M,Sato K,Hosoya Y.Factors Affecting Texture Formation of Cuprecipitation Hardening Cold-rolled Steel Sheet[J],ISIJ International,1994,34(1):92-98.
32.鲁茨·迈耶著,卧辉译.带钢轧制过程中材料性能的优化[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1996.
33.阮煦寰,王连忠.板带钢轧制生产工艺学[M].北京:北京科技大学,1995.
34.Haratani T,Hutchinson W B,Dillamore I L,et al.Contribution of Shear Banding to Origin of Goss Texture in Silicon Iron[J].Metal Science.1984,18:57-65.
35.谷春阳.微碳钢三次渗碳体的产生和发展规律及σ_s和n值影响因素的定量分析[D],北京科技大学,1998.
36.Meyzaud Y,Michaut B,Parniere P.Texture and the properties of materials[A].Proc.4~(th) Int.Conf.[C],Cambridge,1975:255-263.
37.胡玉和.关于深冲薄板退火过程中的再结晶机制问题[J].鞍钢技术,1989,(6):1～7.
38.崔德理,康永林,金山同,等.IF钢织构控制[J].北京科技大学学报,1993,15(增):24～29.
39.于浩,康永林,傅杰,等.CSP热轧1.0mm超薄规格低碳带钢的组织及性能[J].材料科学与工艺,2002,10(2):121～125.