学生评教成绩的统计分析
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摘要
随着高校教育改革的深入与发展,提高教学质量已成为学校的核心工作。教学质量评价是学校教学质量管理的一项重要内容,如何科学、客观、公正地评价教师的教学水平与教学质量,已成为一项理论上和实践上都十分重要的工作,而学生是教师评估的主要参与者。本文通过对我校05-06年度的学生评教数据采用不同的方法进行统计分析,并对统计分析结果加以分析讨论,从而对当今学生评教中存在的诸多问题给以回答,最终对学生评教制度和方法给以改进建议。内容涉及以下几点:
(1).应用统计图形对数据进行预分析,找出关于学生评教操作过程中存在的若干问题。
(2).应用聚类分析法,以学生对评教指标的理解为出发点,对题目进行分类,且这种分类的层次性非常明确。
(3).应用主成分分析法得到已设置的评教指标间高度相关的结论,进而对改进指标设置提出建议。
(4).应用线性模型的相关理论给出非均衡数据的方差分析模型,将该理论应用到评教数据的分析上,得到了对评教结果有显著影响的若干因素,并给出了相应的解释。
Improvement of the teaching quality in schools has become a core business with the development of college's education reform. Teaching quality evaluation is also one important work of teaching quality management. It has becoming a very important work in theory and practice that how to appraise teachers' teaching level and teaching quality with more scientific, objective and fair methods. Of course, students are main participants in the process. By analyzing 05-06 year Tianjin Polytechnic University's teaching appraising data with different statistic methods and discussing the analyzing results, this paper answers the questions that exist in student appraising teacher, and finally give advanced suggestions to the systems and the methods. Including several points in the paper:
(1) Advance analyze on the data with statistic graphs, the author finds several problems in system of student appraising teacher.
(2) According to the students' understanding of the subjects of appraising teachers' quality, the author takes advantage of cluster analysis to classify the subjects.
(3) The theoretic gist of which the results of appraising teacher's quality have shown that there are highly correlations between the indicators which have been set up, and then give some suggestions to improving such indicators by using Principal components analysis.
(4)The author gives the model of unbalanced data of variance analysis using the correlative theories of liner-model, and applies the theory to appraising teachers' quality data. Finally, several factors which have significant effect on the result of appraising quality data are found and correlative explanations are shown.
(1).应用统计图形对数据进行预分析,找出关于学生评教操作过程中存在的若干问题。
(2).应用聚类分析法,以学生对评教指标的理解为出发点,对题目进行分类,且这种分类的层次性非常明确。
(3).应用主成分分析法得到已设置的评教指标间高度相关的结论,进而对改进指标设置提出建议。
(4).应用线性模型的相关理论给出非均衡数据的方差分析模型,将该理论应用到评教数据的分析上,得到了对评教结果有显著影响的若干因素,并给出了相应的解释。
Improvement of the teaching quality in schools has become a core business with the development of college's education reform. Teaching quality evaluation is also one important work of teaching quality management. It has becoming a very important work in theory and practice that how to appraise teachers' teaching level and teaching quality with more scientific, objective and fair methods. Of course, students are main participants in the process. By analyzing 05-06 year Tianjin Polytechnic University's teaching appraising data with different statistic methods and discussing the analyzing results, this paper answers the questions that exist in student appraising teacher, and finally give advanced suggestions to the systems and the methods. Including several points in the paper:
(1) Advance analyze on the data with statistic graphs, the author finds several problems in system of student appraising teacher.
(2) According to the students' understanding of the subjects of appraising teachers' quality, the author takes advantage of cluster analysis to classify the subjects.
(3) The theoretic gist of which the results of appraising teacher's quality have shown that there are highly correlations between the indicators which have been set up, and then give some suggestions to improving such indicators by using Principal components analysis.
(4)The author gives the model of unbalanced data of variance analysis using the correlative theories of liner-model, and applies the theory to appraising teachers' quality data. Finally, several factors which have significant effect on the result of appraising quality data are found and correlative explanations are shown.
引文
[1]张文彤,董伟.SPSS统计分析高级教程.北京:高等教育出版社.2004
[2]郝黎仁,樊元等.SPSS实用统计分析.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2006
[3]苏金明.统计软件SPSS12.0 for Windows应用及开发指南.北京:电子工业出版社.2004
[4]薛富波,张文彤,田晓燕.SAS 8.2统计应用教程.北京:兵器工业出版社,北京希望电子出版社.2004
[5]袁志发,周静芋.多元统计分析.北京:科学出版社.2002
[6]任若恩,王惠文.多元统计数据分析一一理论、方法、实例[M]北京:国防工业出版社 1996
[7]周纪芗.回归分析.上海:华东师范大学出版社.1993
[8]王松桂,陈敏,陈立萍.线性统计模型.北京:高等教育出版社.1999.
[9]方开泰.有序样本的一些聚类方法.应用数学学报,1982,5(1):94-101.
[10]王万中.试验的设计与分析.北京:高等教育出版社.2004.
[11]Venables W N,Ripley B D.Modle,applied statistics with S-plus.New York:Springer Verlag,1994
[12]Johnson R A,Wichern D W.Applied multivariate statistical analysis.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Fall,1992.
[13]张恒喜.小样本多元数据分析方法及应用.西北工业大学出版社.2002.
[14]茆诗松,王静龙等.统计手册.科学出版社.2003
[15]教育部高等教育评估中心.高等学校教学工作评估与教学成果评审实用手册.北京:华夏教育出版社.2005
[16]吴绍莉等.清华大学教育质量评估研究调查报告.清华大学教育研究,1999,4:54-56.
[17]方开泰.有序样本的一些聚类方法.应用数学学报,1982,5(1):94-101.
[18]张尧庭,方开泰.多元统计分析引论.北京:科学出版社,1982.
[19]王松桂,陈敏,陈立萍.线性统计模型.北京:高等教育出版社.1999.
[20]王万中.试验的设计与分析.北京:高等教育出版社.2004.
[21]Johnson,R.A.,Wichern,D,W.,《Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis》,Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,1992;
[22]张尧庭,方开泰.多元统计分析引论.北京:科学出版社.1982
[23]方开泰,张尧庭.广义多元分析.北京:科学出版社.1993
[24]朱军.线性模型分析原理.北京:科学出版社.1999
[25]张金槐.线性模型参数估计及其改进.国防科技大学:国防科技大学出版社.1992
[26]陈希孺,陈桂景,吴启光等.线性模型参数的估计理论.北京:科学出版社.1985
[27]史道济,张玉环.应用数理统计.天津:天津大学理学院数学系.2002
[28]梅长林,周家良.实用统计方法.北京:科学出版社.2002
[2]郝黎仁,樊元等.SPSS实用统计分析.北京:中国水利水电出版社.2006
[3]苏金明.统计软件SPSS12.0 for Windows应用及开发指南.北京:电子工业出版社.2004
[4]薛富波,张文彤,田晓燕.SAS 8.2统计应用教程.北京:兵器工业出版社,北京希望电子出版社.2004
[5]袁志发,周静芋.多元统计分析.北京:科学出版社.2002
[6]任若恩,王惠文.多元统计数据分析一一理论、方法、实例[M]北京:国防工业出版社 1996
[7]周纪芗.回归分析.上海:华东师范大学出版社.1993
[8]王松桂,陈敏,陈立萍.线性统计模型.北京:高等教育出版社.1999.
[9]方开泰.有序样本的一些聚类方法.应用数学学报,1982,5(1):94-101.
[10]王万中.试验的设计与分析.北京:高等教育出版社.2004.
[11]Venables W N,Ripley B D.Modle,applied statistics with S-plus.New York:Springer Verlag,1994
[12]Johnson R A,Wichern D W.Applied multivariate statistical analysis.Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Fall,1992.
[13]张恒喜.小样本多元数据分析方法及应用.西北工业大学出版社.2002.
[14]茆诗松,王静龙等.统计手册.科学出版社.2003
[15]教育部高等教育评估中心.高等学校教学工作评估与教学成果评审实用手册.北京:华夏教育出版社.2005
[16]吴绍莉等.清华大学教育质量评估研究调查报告.清华大学教育研究,1999,4:54-56.
[17]方开泰.有序样本的一些聚类方法.应用数学学报,1982,5(1):94-101.
[18]张尧庭,方开泰.多元统计分析引论.北京:科学出版社,1982.
[19]王松桂,陈敏,陈立萍.线性统计模型.北京:高等教育出版社.1999.
[20]王万中.试验的设计与分析.北京:高等教育出版社.2004.
[21]Johnson,R.A.,Wichern,D,W.,《Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis》,Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,1992;
[22]张尧庭,方开泰.多元统计分析引论.北京:科学出版社.1982
[23]方开泰,张尧庭.广义多元分析.北京:科学出版社.1993
[24]朱军.线性模型分析原理.北京:科学出版社.1999
[25]张金槐.线性模型参数估计及其改进.国防科技大学:国防科技大学出版社.1992
[26]陈希孺,陈桂景,吴启光等.线性模型参数的估计理论.北京:科学出版社.1985
[27]史道济,张玉环.应用数理统计.天津:天津大学理学院数学系.2002
[28]梅长林,周家良.实用统计方法.北京:科学出版社.2002