船舶电站仿真智能终端显示通讯模块的设计与研制
摘要
目前，轮机员取代电机员来管理船舶电力系统已经是一个必然的趋势，如何使轮机员熟练地掌握船舶电站的操作过程是一个不容忽视的问题，是轮机员“补电”的重要内容之一。方法主要是在理论学习的基础上，进行实际操作训练。但对于进行非正常操作以及故障模式下的训练，在实际系统中是不允许的，而在与原型电力系统相似的模拟系统上进行仿真培训，是可行而非常必要的。
基于这样的背景下，我们着手设计开发了一套船舶电站仿真管理系统，主要仿真对柴油机和发电机进行保护和控制。本电站仿真管理系统模拟了当前船舶电站管理系统中广泛采用的所谓网络型分散式控制模式。
在本电站仿真管理系统里，上位PC机和下位机组成一个主从式系统。下位机是一个以单片微控器80C196KB为核心的控制部分，它可以接收上位机发来的仿真数据，由一个图形液晶显示器显示设备运转情况。为了模拟实际的系统，本仿真管理系统还能够通过下位机自带的键盘，进行系统参数的设置或修改。一旦模拟电机的运行超出安全范围，系统将发出报警信息，这些信息通过液晶屏或者指示灯的状态来显示。培训人员通过报警信息，应能够及时进行故障排除处理，使系统持续正常运转。
上位机为普通的PC机，在其软件模块中采用了图形化用户界面技术，它可以模拟生成系统的运行参数，以图形化的方式显示系统的模拟运行状态。而且它可以通过RS-485总线和下位机进行数据交换，下发模拟的系统运行参数，同时可以记录下位机的操作，教练站可以了解受训者面对系统异常时所做的操作，以此达到仿真培训的目的。
课题的研究工作主要包括电站仿真管理系统下位机模块的硬件设计、上下位机的软件设计和系统联调。系统研制开发过程主要分以下几个步骤：
1．应用Protel99SE软件设计下位机的原理图和设计PCB图。
2．对板卡进行硬件调试，线路排错，芯片测试。
3．编写下位机的汇编语言程序，在WAVE2000L仿真器上调试。
4．利用仿真器连接板卡，进行在线仿真和RS485通讯测试。
5．将程序固化在EPROM中，进行EPROM仿真调试。
6．编写上位机的管理软件和人机界面。
本文主要介绍了电站仿真管理系统的工作原理、硬件组成和软件的设计思想，最后提出了系统存在的不足和硬件升级思路。
In the management of the marine power system ?there is a trend to replace the special operators with the normal operators. It's a big problem we can't neglect how to make the normal operators familier with the operations about marine's power system. The best solution may be based on the theories' studing and do exercises on the real system except those operations which would cause serious results. So it's nessary to do exersices on the simulation systems.
A simulation system about the power system has been developed under this background, it simulates protecting and controling the diesels. In this simulation system, a distributed control mode based on network is applied, so the operators can do exercises on finding the faults when the emergency occurs.
A master-slave structure is used in this simulation system. Every slave device is cored of by 80c 196kb single chip microcomputer. They can receive the simulated model data which are sent by the master and display the system's state and the system's log on a graphic liquid display module. In this simulation system, operators can modify the system's parameter by keyboard. Once the emulational parameters run out of range, warning messages will be generated and displayed on the liquid display. The operators must think how to check the system's health situation and make the system run continually when they see these warning messages.
We use a normal PC as the master part in this system, the graphics UI technology has been used in its software modules. The master can generate data to simulate the real marine power system, and these data be sent to the slaves device by the RS-485 bus. The master also can record the operations of the operator, so we can monitor what things have been done by the operator when the emergency occurs.
The entire tasks are divided into hardware designing and software programming of power management system. The main process of the development on power management system is as follows:
1. Firstly, apply Protel99SE software to design the SCH chart of the slave computer, design PCB charts and send them to the factory.
2. To debug on the hardware, eliminate circuitry errors, and test on every chip.
3. To program with assemble language, and debug on the wave 2000L simulator.
4. To utilize the wave 2000L simulator to link slave computer and test on the RS-485 communication
5. To Embed the slave computer program debugged successfully into EPROM, and debug the system on EPROM;
6. To make the program of master computer and visual-machine interface. The paper introduces work principal of the simulation system, its hardware
structure and software design, points out the fault of monitoring system and makes the hardware updating thinking.
基于这样的背景下，我们着手设计开发了一套船舶电站仿真管理系统，主要仿真对柴油机和发电机进行保护和控制。本电站仿真管理系统模拟了当前船舶电站管理系统中广泛采用的所谓网络型分散式控制模式。
在本电站仿真管理系统里，上位PC机和下位机组成一个主从式系统。下位机是一个以单片微控器80C196KB为核心的控制部分，它可以接收上位机发来的仿真数据，由一个图形液晶显示器显示设备运转情况。为了模拟实际的系统，本仿真管理系统还能够通过下位机自带的键盘，进行系统参数的设置或修改。一旦模拟电机的运行超出安全范围，系统将发出报警信息，这些信息通过液晶屏或者指示灯的状态来显示。培训人员通过报警信息，应能够及时进行故障排除处理，使系统持续正常运转。
上位机为普通的PC机，在其软件模块中采用了图形化用户界面技术，它可以模拟生成系统的运行参数，以图形化的方式显示系统的模拟运行状态。而且它可以通过RS-485总线和下位机进行数据交换，下发模拟的系统运行参数，同时可以记录下位机的操作，教练站可以了解受训者面对系统异常时所做的操作，以此达到仿真培训的目的。
课题的研究工作主要包括电站仿真管理系统下位机模块的硬件设计、上下位机的软件设计和系统联调。系统研制开发过程主要分以下几个步骤：
1．应用Protel99SE软件设计下位机的原理图和设计PCB图。
2．对板卡进行硬件调试，线路排错，芯片测试。
3．编写下位机的汇编语言程序，在WAVE2000L仿真器上调试。
4．利用仿真器连接板卡，进行在线仿真和RS485通讯测试。
5．将程序固化在EPROM中，进行EPROM仿真调试。
6．编写上位机的管理软件和人机界面。
本文主要介绍了电站仿真管理系统的工作原理、硬件组成和软件的设计思想，最后提出了系统存在的不足和硬件升级思路。
In the management of the marine power system ?there is a trend to replace the special operators with the normal operators. It's a big problem we can't neglect how to make the normal operators familier with the operations about marine's power system. The best solution may be based on the theories' studing and do exercises on the real system except those operations which would cause serious results. So it's nessary to do exersices on the simulation systems.
A simulation system about the power system has been developed under this background, it simulates protecting and controling the diesels. In this simulation system, a distributed control mode based on network is applied, so the operators can do exercises on finding the faults when the emergency occurs.
A master-slave structure is used in this simulation system. Every slave device is cored of by 80c 196kb single chip microcomputer. They can receive the simulated model data which are sent by the master and display the system's state and the system's log on a graphic liquid display module. In this simulation system, operators can modify the system's parameter by keyboard. Once the emulational parameters run out of range, warning messages will be generated and displayed on the liquid display. The operators must think how to check the system's health situation and make the system run continually when they see these warning messages.
We use a normal PC as the master part in this system, the graphics UI technology has been used in its software modules. The master can generate data to simulate the real marine power system, and these data be sent to the slaves device by the RS-485 bus. The master also can record the operations of the operator, so we can monitor what things have been done by the operator when the emergency occurs.
The entire tasks are divided into hardware designing and software programming of power management system. The main process of the development on power management system is as follows:
1. Firstly, apply Protel99SE software to design the SCH chart of the slave computer, design PCB charts and send them to the factory.
2. To debug on the hardware, eliminate circuitry errors, and test on every chip.
3. To program with assemble language, and debug on the wave 2000L simulator.
4. To utilize the wave 2000L simulator to link slave computer and test on the RS-485 communication
5. To Embed the slave computer program debugged successfully into EPROM, and debug the system on EPROM;
6. To make the program of master computer and visual-machine interface. The paper introduces work principal of the simulation system, its hardware
structure and software design, points out the fault of monitoring system and makes the hardware updating thinking.
引文
[1]薛征宇．船舶电站集散系统中数字调速系统的研究，大连海事大学出版社．2001．1～2
[2]何志渔．船舶电力系统动态仿真技术的研究．武汉交通科技大学学报．1998(22)
[3]HEMin, LUChong De. Power Plant Simulation: Technologies in the Next Generation. Journal of System Simulation.2001(13).83～86
[4]林华峰，船舶电站．哈尔滨工程大学出版社．1998．1～110
[5]FAN Yongsheng. Study on the Scoring System of Power Plant Training Simulator.Journal of system simulation. 2000(12).282～286 [1] 熊国海等．PLD/FPGA的优化设计．电测与仪表．2002(2)
[6]SHI Weifeng.A developing Technology of Marine Power Station Simulator System.Proceedings of CTINS.2002
[7]SHIJi Chang. Double Pulse Digital Speed Controller for Diesel GeneratingSets. Journal of Dalian Maritime University.1996(22).25～28
[8]夏永明．船舶电站仿真系统接口技术．上海海运学报．2002(1)．33～40
[9]XU Xiaoyan.Model to Regulate the Temperature of Main Engine's Cooling Water System. Proceedings of IMECE'2000. China. 2000. 115～121
[10]Sorensen.The intelligent engine and electronic products-A development status.CIMAC.1998.551～564
[11]程芳真等．当前电站仿真发展中的若干新技术与新应用．系统仿真学报．2002(2)．137-139
[12]夏立等．基于现场总线技术的电站仿真培训系统．信息技术．2002(10)．14～18
[13]HU Xianfu.Failure Simulation of Main Engine for Safety at Sea. CTINS.2002.
[14]HUANG Qinghong.Supporting System for the Simulation on X-window System.Journal of computer simulation.2001.39～43
[15]孙才勤等．轮机模拟器船舶电站仿真．大连海事大学学报．2002(S1)．31～33
[16]Kyrtatos N.P.Performance prediction of next-generation slow speed Diesel engines during ship maneuvers. Trans I.Mar.E.1994(106)
[17]Kyrtatos N.P. The interaction of ship and direct drive highly rated Diesel engines using simulation. 10th Ship Control Systems Symposium.1993
[18]Kyrtatos N.P. A three zone scavenging model for two stroke uniflow engines. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power. 1988(110). 531～537
[19]Kyrtatos N.P.Investigation of the scavenging process in a large twostroke marine Diesel engine using CFD.Report LME-55/TR/11-97. National Technical University of Athens.1997
[20]Kyrtatos N.P. Optimum performance of large marine engines under extreme loading conditions. CIMAC Congress. 1988.1539～1553
[21]Lan W-C. Quasi steady state simulation of diesel engine transient performance and design of mechatronic governor. Bulletin of the M.E.S.J.1996(24)
[22]熊国海等．PLD/FPGA的优化设计．电测与仪表．2002(2)．36～39
[23]李立伟．CPLD在声波测井数字化中的应用．声学与电子工程．2002(1)．42～44
[24]熊国海等．CPLD与FPGA的优化设计．电测与仪表．2002(4)．42～44
[25]王洪生．RS-485通讯卡及其应用．电子产品世界．1999(4)
[26]曹保根．主从式RS-485应用系统的调试，电子技术．2002(2)．44～43
[27]郭强等．液晶显示应用技术．电子工业出版社．2001．374～413
[28]邹逢兴．微型计算机与接口原理技术．国防科技大学出版社．1999．288～300
[29]李朝青．PC机及单片机数据通信技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．1999．95～105
[30]沈精虎．电路设计与制版—Prote199高级应用．人们邮电出版社．2000．231～365
[31]徐爱卿等．单片微型计算机应用和开发系统．北京航空航天大学出版社．1992．70～88
[32]程军．Intel 80C196单片机应用实践与C语言开发．北京航空航天大学出版社．2000．207～228
[33]北京精电蓬远显示技术公司．LCD Module Product Catalog．北京精电蓬远显示技术公司．2000．1～30
[34]李现勇．Visual C++串行通信技术与工程实践．人民邮电出版社．2002．5～12．89～145
[35]王幸之等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术，北京航空航天大学出版社．2000．347～375
[36]彭杏芳．可编程逻辑器件与硬件描述语言．武汉大学出版社．1999．8～18
[37]Mark Nelon．串行通信开发指南．中国水利出版社．2000．75～142
[38]Peter W.Gofton．精通串行通信．电子工业出版社．1995．60～138
[39]孙涵芳．Intel 16位单片机．北京航空航天大学出版社．1994．1～144．263～308
[40]姜苇等．Windows95下智能数据采集系统．单片机与嵌入式系统．2001(7)．27～29
[41]黄宏伟．Super系列单片机仿真器手册．启动星光单片机厂．1999．1～76
[42]王念旭．DSP基础与应用系统设计．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002．2～18
[43]何立民．单片机高级教程应用与设计．北京航空航天大学出版社．1999．275～286
[44]汪建．MCS-96系列单片机原理及应用技术．华中理工大学出版社．1998．1～268
[45]李朝青．单片机原理及接口技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．1998．80～140
[46]孙德和．常用电路芯片IC设计大全．海洋出版社．1992
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[50]陈露辰．计算机通信接口技术．电子科技大学出版社．1999．28～49
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[52]Fowler.UML Distilled: Applying the Standard Object Modeling Language. Addison-Wesley, 1997
[53]刘超．可视化面向对象建模技术-标准建模语言UML教程．北京航空航天大学出版社．1999
[54]张龙祥．UML与系统分析设计．人民邮电出版社．2001
[55]兰博．UML参考手册．机械工业出版社．2001
[56]康博创作室．Visual C++新起点-6.0实用教程．机械工业出版社．1999
[2]何志渔．船舶电力系统动态仿真技术的研究．武汉交通科技大学学报．1998(22)
[3]HEMin, LUChong De. Power Plant Simulation: Technologies in the Next Generation. Journal of System Simulation.2001(13).83～86
[4]林华峰，船舶电站．哈尔滨工程大学出版社．1998．1～110
[5]FAN Yongsheng. Study on the Scoring System of Power Plant Training Simulator.Journal of system simulation. 2000(12).282～286 [1] 熊国海等．PLD/FPGA的优化设计．电测与仪表．2002(2)
[6]SHI Weifeng.A developing Technology of Marine Power Station Simulator System.Proceedings of CTINS.2002
[7]SHIJi Chang. Double Pulse Digital Speed Controller for Diesel GeneratingSets. Journal of Dalian Maritime University.1996(22).25～28
[8]夏永明．船舶电站仿真系统接口技术．上海海运学报．2002(1)．33～40
[9]XU Xiaoyan.Model to Regulate the Temperature of Main Engine's Cooling Water System. Proceedings of IMECE'2000. China. 2000. 115～121
[10]Sorensen.The intelligent engine and electronic products-A development status.CIMAC.1998.551～564
[11]程芳真等．当前电站仿真发展中的若干新技术与新应用．系统仿真学报．2002(2)．137-139
[12]夏立等．基于现场总线技术的电站仿真培训系统．信息技术．2002(10)．14～18
[13]HU Xianfu.Failure Simulation of Main Engine for Safety at Sea. CTINS.2002.
[14]HUANG Qinghong.Supporting System for the Simulation on X-window System.Journal of computer simulation.2001.39～43
[15]孙才勤等．轮机模拟器船舶电站仿真．大连海事大学学报．2002(S1)．31～33
[16]Kyrtatos N.P.Performance prediction of next-generation slow speed Diesel engines during ship maneuvers. Trans I.Mar.E.1994(106)
[17]Kyrtatos N.P. The interaction of ship and direct drive highly rated Diesel engines using simulation. 10th Ship Control Systems Symposium.1993
[18]Kyrtatos N.P. A three zone scavenging model for two stroke uniflow engines. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power. 1988(110). 531～537
[19]Kyrtatos N.P.Investigation of the scavenging process in a large twostroke marine Diesel engine using CFD.Report LME-55/TR/11-97. National Technical University of Athens.1997
[20]Kyrtatos N.P. Optimum performance of large marine engines under extreme loading conditions. CIMAC Congress. 1988.1539～1553
[21]Lan W-C. Quasi steady state simulation of diesel engine transient performance and design of mechatronic governor. Bulletin of the M.E.S.J.1996(24)
[22]熊国海等．PLD/FPGA的优化设计．电测与仪表．2002(2)．36～39
[23]李立伟．CPLD在声波测井数字化中的应用．声学与电子工程．2002(1)．42～44
[24]熊国海等．CPLD与FPGA的优化设计．电测与仪表．2002(4)．42～44
[25]王洪生．RS-485通讯卡及其应用．电子产品世界．1999(4)
[26]曹保根．主从式RS-485应用系统的调试，电子技术．2002(2)．44～43
[27]郭强等．液晶显示应用技术．电子工业出版社．2001．374～413
[28]邹逢兴．微型计算机与接口原理技术．国防科技大学出版社．1999．288～300
[29]李朝青．PC机及单片机数据通信技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．1999．95～105
[30]沈精虎．电路设计与制版—Prote199高级应用．人们邮电出版社．2000．231～365
[31]徐爱卿等．单片微型计算机应用和开发系统．北京航空航天大学出版社．1992．70～88
[32]程军．Intel 80C196单片机应用实践与C语言开发．北京航空航天大学出版社．2000．207～228
[33]北京精电蓬远显示技术公司．LCD Module Product Catalog．北京精电蓬远显示技术公司．2000．1～30
[34]李现勇．Visual C++串行通信技术与工程实践．人民邮电出版社．2002．5～12．89～145
[35]王幸之等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术，北京航空航天大学出版社．2000．347～375
[36]彭杏芳．可编程逻辑器件与硬件描述语言．武汉大学出版社．1999．8～18
[37]Mark Nelon．串行通信开发指南．中国水利出版社．2000．75～142
[38]Peter W.Gofton．精通串行通信．电子工业出版社．1995．60～138
[39]孙涵芳．Intel 16位单片机．北京航空航天大学出版社．1994．1～144．263～308
[40]姜苇等．Windows95下智能数据采集系统．单片机与嵌入式系统．2001(7)．27～29
[41]黄宏伟．Super系列单片机仿真器手册．启动星光单片机厂．1999．1～76
[42]王念旭．DSP基础与应用系统设计．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002．2～18
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